福州地区综合性大学本科生睡眠状况调查及其干预的研究

目的了解福州地区综合性大学本科生睡眠状况,为心理健康教育提供依据。方法用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数问卷（PSQI）,对328名福州市综合性大学本科生进行调查。结果①大学生睡眠质量总分为5.51±2.28,睡眠状况不佳的有22.9%;②性别对主观睡眠质量、睡眠障碍和总体睡眠质量有影响;③不同年级大学生的睡眠情况存在显著差异;④专业因素对睡眠障碍有影响;⑤拥有电脑情况对睡眠障碍有影响。结论应重视大学生睡眠状况,有针对性地加强睡眠咨询和干预。     

REM sleep deprivation increases preference for novelty in rats.

As a further test of the hypothesis that REM deprivation decreases fear, the behavior of 40 male rats was measured in a Y-maze adapted to test for preference for novelty. Prior to this test, the animals were exposed for 4 days to one of four treatments, i.e., either a dry environment control, a wet environment control, a 2-day REM deprivation period or a 4-day REM deprivation period. During the test both number of grid crossing in the novel and non-novel arms of the Y-maze and three indices of emotionality were recorded. The results were congruent with data we had reported earlier and offered convincing evidence in support of the hypothesis.     

河南城市学龄前儿童睡眠状况及影响因素分析

目的 了解河南城市学龄前儿童睡眠状况及其影响因素,为该地区学龄前儿童保持合理睡眠时间和睡眠干预提供参考。方法 2019年5—6月采用分层整群抽样的方法在河南对4 226名3～6岁学龄前儿童家长进行儿童睡眠状况及影响因素的调查,并采用χ²检验、logistic回归分析等方法进行分析。结果 河南城市学龄前儿童平均睡眠时长为（9.46±1.98）h,睡眠不足的比例为56.60%。在体力活动时间、视屏时间、抚养者、父亲学历、母亲学历等方面睡眠不足的比例相比较均有统计学意义（χ² = 46.853、48.424、27.763、19.654、20.063,P＜0.001）。Logistic回归分析表明,河南城市＞4～4.5岁（OR = 1.313,95%CI:1.064～1.567）、＞4.5～5岁（OR = 1.982,95%CI:1.627～2.355）、＞5～5.5岁（OR = 2.052,95%CI:1.674～2.435）、＞5.5～6岁（OR = 2.374,95%CI:1.812～2.944）学龄前儿童、体力活动时间＜60 min/d（OR = 1.745,95%CI:1.483～2.011）、体力活动时间60～120 min/d（OR = 1.481,95%CI:1.251～1.722）、外祖父母等抚养（OR = 1.222,95%CI:1.061～1.381）、母亲学历初中及以下（OR = 1.364,95%CI:1.147～1.595）、母亲学历高中（OR = 1.171,95%CI:1.024～1.321）者其学龄前儿童的睡眠不足发生率较高,呈正相关关系。结论 河南学龄前儿童睡眠不足问题凸显,年龄、体力活动、视屏时间、抚养者、母亲学历等是导致睡眠不足的影响因素,应针对影响因素给予干预和改善。     

广东省中老年人群睡眠状况与高血压患病的关联性研究

目的 研究广东省中老年人群睡眠状况与高血压患病的关联性,为高血压防控“关口前移”提供科学依据。方法 采用“2018年广东省慢性病及危险因素监测数据”,按照多阶段整群随机抽样方法,纳入5 636名≥45岁中老年人为研究对象。运用SAS 9.4软件进行Rao-Scott 检验和基于复杂抽样构建logistic回归模型分析睡眠状况与高血压患病的关系。运用R 4.0.5软件绘制限制性立方样条曲线分析睡眠时间与高血压患病风险的量效关系。结果 广东省中老年人高血压患病率是37.93%,平均睡眠时间是(7.36±1.61)h; 其中男性平均睡眠时间多于女性,而女性睡眠问题比例显著高于男性。经多因素回归模型控制后,睡眠时间不足或过多(OR=1.280,95%CI:1.128～1.452; OR=1.300,95%CI:1.038～1.627)、入睡困难(OR=1.286,95%CI:1.018～1.626)、中间觉醒≥2次(OR=1.239,95%CI:1.036～1.483)和服用安眠药(OR=1.567,95%CI:1.086～2.261)均使高血压患病风险升高。结论 广东省中老年人群的睡眠时间不足或过多、入睡困难、中间觉醒≥2次和服用安眠药均与高血压患病显著正相关,应对该特征的人群进行干预,旨在降低高血压的患病率。     

贵州农村老年人社会支持与认知功能的关系及焦虑睡眠的中介作用

目的 探讨贵州农村老年人社会支持与认知功能的联系,并分析焦虑和睡眠在其间的中介作用,为认知功能减退及痴呆的行为预防提供科学参考。方法 于2019年7—8月采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法选取贵州农村≥60岁者共1 615人作为调查对象,采用自编一般情况调查表、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、简易智力状态检测量表（MMSE）、阿森斯失眠量表（AIS）、焦虑状态量表（GAD - 2）进行问卷调查。采用结构方程模型探讨老年人社会支持水平、焦虑、睡眠及认知功能四者间的联系。结果 1 615名老年人认知功能得分为（21.09±5.21）分,女性（t = 16.559,P＜0.001）、少数民族（t = 2.425,P = 0.015）、非在婚（t = 8.954,P＜0.001）、年龄越大（F = 42.638,P＜0.001）、文化程度越低（F = 174.167,P＜0.001）的老年人认知功能相对较差。MMSE得分与GAD - 2、AIS得分均呈负相关,与SSRS得分呈正相关（r = - 0.135、 - 0.135、0.271,P＜0.01）。结构方程模型结果显示,社会支持水平对认知功能的总效应值为0.374,其中社会支持对认知功能的直接效应值0.353（95%CI:0.294～0.411）,睡眠的中介效应值0.010（95%CI:0.002～0.020）及焦虑和睡眠的链式中介效应值0.011（95%CI:0.003～0.020）。结论 老年人社会支持可能直接影响认知功能,也可能通过睡眠质量的中介作用及睡眠和焦虑的链式中介作用间接影响认知功能。     

网络成瘾和睡眠时长在青少年受校园欺凌与抑郁间的链式中介作用

目的 探索青少年网络成瘾和睡眠时长在受校园欺凌与抑郁关系之间的中介作用,为青少年抑郁的预防干预提供依据。 方法 使用青少年健康相关危险行为问卷及CES - D抑郁量表,采用多阶段整群抽样法抽取徐州市4 190名青少年进行问卷调查。结果 在控制人口学等变量后,受校园欺凌、网络成瘾、睡眠时长对抑郁均有预测作用（r = 0.283,P＜0.01;r = 0.331,P＜0.01;r = - 0.184,P＜0.01）。路径分析表明,网络成瘾在受校园欺凌和青少年抑郁之间起中介作用;网络成瘾和睡眠时长在受校园欺凌和青少年抑郁间起链式中介作用。结论 受校园欺凌不仅直接影响青少年抑郁,还通过网络成瘾和睡眠时长的链式中介作用间接影响青少年抑郁。可通过减少青少年网络使用和提高睡眠时长来降低受校园欺凌对青少年抑郁的影响。     

河南省7~18岁儿童青少年睡眠时长与超重肥胖的关联

  目的  分析河南省7~18岁儿童青少年睡眠时长与超重肥胖的关系,为有效控制超重肥胖提供支持。  方法  采用分层整群随机抽样方法,于2019年随机抽取河南省内8个市18 823名学生为研究对象,进行问卷调查和体格检查。采用χ2检验、秩和检验、单因素方差分析及Logistic回归分析模型进行数据分析。  结果  本次调查对象中,正常组有11 185人,超重有4 415人,肥胖有3 223人。男生有10 073人,女生有8 750人,调查对象的平均年龄(11.6±4.1)岁,平均睡眠时长为(8.19±1.27)h/d,不同体重3组之间的性别、年龄及睡眠时长的差异均有统计学意义(均有P＜0.001)。男生和女生的超重和肥胖检出率随着睡眠时长的减少而增加(均有P_趋势＜0.05),且在不同睡眠时长下男生的超重和肥胖检出率高于女生(均有P＜0.05)。在小学、初中及高中人群分别进行多变量Logistic回归分析模型分析,结果发现随着睡眠时间的减少,儿童青少年发生超重肥胖的风险增加(均有P＜0.05)。  结论  睡眠不足是河南省儿童青少年超重肥胖的危险因素,保证充足的睡眠时长有利于减少超重肥胖的发生。     

Sleep following intense physical exercise stabilizes motor learning in typically developing boys

There is compelling evidence that sleep (N2, REM sleep, but also N3) supports the consolidation of motor memory in adults. Although children express higher levels of REM sleep and N3, it is still not understood why sleep does not benefit the consolidation of motor memory in children as in adults. Here, we aimed to manipulate sleep by daytime physical exercise in typically developing boys (N = 12; range 9–12 yrs) to test the impact on sleep and motor learning. The manipulation consisted of 1 h of intense ergometer exercise during the daytime before a night of restorative sleep. In a rest control condition, children were seated comfortably and listened to an audio drama. Motor learning was assessed with a visuomotor finger sequence tapping task; in both conditions learning took place before either exercise or rest. Prior to sleep in the sleep laboratory, motor memory was assessed as a baseline. Motor memory was again collected in the morning after a night of sleep in the lab. While there was no change in N3, we found prolonged REM sleep latency after physical activity compared to rest, corresponding to a prolonged first sleep cycle. With respect to motor learning, we found superior accuracy of motor performance after physical exercise compared to rest. Our findings suggest that physical exercise during the daytime stabilizes sleep-dependent motor learning.     

Examining the feasibility,acceptability, validity and reliability of physical activity,sedentary behaviour and sleep measures in people with schizophrenia

BackgroundSchizophrenia is associated with a more than doubled risk of death from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Risk factors for CVD include low levels of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep problems. These risk factors are not systematically assessed by health services.AimsExamine the feasibility, acceptability, validity and reliability of tools measuring physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep.MethodsThirty participants with schizophrenia measured their physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep by wearing ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers on their wrist and waist, and recorded their sleep using the SleepBot smartphone app for 7 days. After 7 days they completed the 5-item Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire (SIMPAQ) to retrospectively measure their physical activity and sedentary behaviour over the study period. Concurrent SIMPAQ and SleepBot validity and inter-rater reliability were assessed against accelerometer-derived measures of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep. A qualitative interview was conducted at the end of the study to assess acceptability.ResultsThe tools were feasible: 93% of participants provided valid wear-time accelerometry data and 83% provided SleepBot data. The SIMPAQ showed moderate concurrent validity but poor agreement for moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and moderate validity and agreement as a measure of sedentary behaviour. The SleepBot app showed poor concurrent validity and agreement for measures of sleep. The qualitative interviews demonstrated the tools were acceptable.ConclusionMonitoring physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep by accelerometry, smartphone and questionnaire was feasible and acceptable to people with schizophrenia. The SIMPAQ could be a valid and appropriate tool for routine clinical use.     

Sleep Problems among Mothers of Youth Stopped by the Police

Police stops are the most common form of criminal justice exposure in the USA, and are particularly common among urban youth, with 23% of them reporting a stop by the age of 15. While recent work has begun to illuminate the health impacts of police stops for these youth, little is known about the health consequences of youth police contact for the mothers of youth stopped by the police. The current study employs data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS), a sample of urban, at-risk youth and their families. Multivariate logistic regression models are conducted to examine the link between youth police stops and sleep difficulties among mothers. Additional analyses examine whether the features and consequences of police stops are associated with sleep difficulties among mothers. The findings indicate that mothers with youth who have experienced police stops are more than twice as likely to report both depression- and anxiety-related sleep difficulties compared to their counterparts. Furthermore, stops with certain features—including those characterized by intrusiveness, high trauma, and high stigma—emerged as consistently significant predictors of maternal sleep difficulties. The findings suggest that mothers who are vicariously exposed to police contact via their children are a vulnerable group. Given the non-random distribution of police contact across the population of youth, with police contact concentrated among children of color, the findings suggest that police contact may exacerbate racial inequalities in sleep, which may itself contribute to racial disparities in broader mental and physical health outcomes.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11524-021-00518-1.