正交试验法优选叶下珠的提取工艺

目的：优选叶下珠的最佳提取工艺。方法：优选提取方式后通过正交实验，以柯里拉京含量为指标，考察溶剂浓度、溶剂用量、回流时间、回流次数对叶下珠提取工艺的影响。结果：叶下珠的最佳提取工艺为10倍量50％丙酮-水回流提取4次，每次1h。结论：优选的提取工艺稳定，提取率高。     

Hepatoprotective potentials of Phyllanthus amarus against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in rats

The hepatoprotective effect of methanolic extract of the leaf of Phyllanthus amarus (P. amarus) against ethanol-induced oxidative damage was investigated in adult male Wistar albino rats. P. amarus (250 and 500 mg/kg/day) and ethanol (5 g/kg/day, 20% w/v) were administered orally to animals for 4 weeks and 3 weeks, respectively. Ethanol treatment markedly decreased the level of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in the liver, which were significantly enhanced by P. amarus treatment. Glutathione-S transferase (GST), which was increased after chronic ethanol administration, was significantly reduced by P. amarus treatment in the liver. Also, P. amarus significantly increased the activities of hepatic alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) as well as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), with a concomitant marked reduction in the plasma activity of the transaminases in the ethanol-challenged rats. Lipid peroxidation level, which was increased after chronic ethanol administration, was significantly reduced in the liver by P. amarus co-treatment. Results show that P. amarus leaf extract could protect the liver against ethanol-induced oxidative damage by possibly reducing the rate of lipid peroxidation and increasing the antioxidant defence mechanism in rats.     

Effect of extract of Phyllanthus niruri on crystal deposition in experimental urolithiasis

Phyllanthus niruri (Pn) is a plant that has been shown to interfere in the growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals. In the present study we evaluated the effect of Pn on the preformed calculus induced by introduction of a CaOx seed into the bladder of male Wistar rats. Pn treatment (5 mg/rat/day) was initiated immediately or 30 days after CaOx seeding and thus in the presence of a preformed calculus. Animals were sacrificed 50 or 70 days after surgery. The resulting calculi were weighed and analyzed by X-ray diffraction, stereomicroscopy and scanning electronic microscopy. Precocious Pn treatment reduced the number (75%, P < 0.05) and the weight (65%, P < 0.05) of calculi that frequently exhibited a matrix-like material on its surface, compared to the untreated CaOx group. In contrast, Pn treatment in the presence of a preformed calculus did not prevent further calculus growth; rather, it caused an impressive modification in its appearance and texture. Calculi from Pn-treated animals had a smoother, homogeneous surface compared to the spicule shape of calculi found in the untreated CaOx group. XRD analysis revealed the precipitation of struvite crystals over the CaOx seed and Pn did not change the crystalline composition of the calculi. This suggests that Pn interfered with the arrangement of the precipitating crystals, probably by modifying the crystal–crystal and/or crystal–matrix interactions. Results suggest that Pn may have a therapeutic potential, since it was able to modify the shape and texture of calculi to a smoother and probably more fragile form, which could contribute to elimination and/or dissolution of calculi.     

民族药余甘子冻干粉免疫调节作用的血清药理学研究

目的实验旨在应用中药血清药理学研究方法,研究民族药余甘子对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响,对小鼠S180腹水肿瘤细胞存活率的影响以及对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞细胞活化作用的研究。方法余甘子采用鲜果榨汁经冷冻干燥冻干保存。小鼠随机分6组,其中时效关系研究2组,量效关系研究4组。按0.2 m l/10 g体重用余甘子溶液灌胃。灌胃后30~180 m in内不同时相无菌取血,利用中药血清药理学方法对实验血清作时效关系研究及量效关系研究。结果与结论时效关系研究表明,用余甘子冻干粉溶液灌胃后30~180 m in内不同时相含药血清对小鼠脾淋巴细胞具有活化作用,并在给药2 h时实验血清活化作用明显;量效关系研究表明,余甘子大剂量组实验血清对促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖,促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞细胞活化作用以及小剂量组实验血清对小鼠S180腹水肿瘤细胞存活率的影响均具显著差异性。     

余甘子抗疲劳、抗缺氧作用实验研究△

目的:研究余甘子的抗疲劳、抗缺氧作用及其机制.方法:用不同剂量余甘子水提取物给正常小鼠连续灌胃30d,测定其负重游泳时间、抗缺氧时间;检测运动小鼠血中血红蛋白、乳酸、尿素氮、肝糖原含量及乳酸脱氧酶活性.结果:余甘子水提取物能延长小鼠的抗缺氧时间和游泳时间;显著提高小鼠血中血红蛋白含量、乳酸脱氢酶活性和肝糖原含量;显著降低血中乳酸、尿素氮含量.结论:余甘子具有显著的抗疲劳、抗缺氧功效.     

叶下珠愈伤组织的诱导与培养

目的建立叶下珠愈伤组织培养方法。方法采用组织培养方法,比较不同外植体、蔗糖、植物生长物质及其配比对叶下珠愈伤组织诱导的影响。结果茎段的诱导率最高,为55.56%,叶片诱导不出愈伤组织。6-BA是叶下珠愈伤组织形成的主要影响因素,2,4-D、NAA、蔗糖次之。结论叶下珠愈伤组织诱导及继代的适宜培养基为MS 2,4-D0.5mg/L 6-BA1.0mg/L NAA0.1mg/L 蔗糖10g/L。     

红鱼眼的显微结构鉴别

目的为鉴别和进一步制定红鱼眼的质量标准提供参考依据。方法对红鱼眼的显微结构进行了研究。结果茎横切面外韧型维管束环状排列,中柱鞘纤维新月形。叶横切面主脉凸起不显著,叶肉中可见草酸钙簇晶。粉末中可见晶鞘纤维;石细胞众多,孔沟明显;棕色块易见。结论以上显微特征稳定,可作为红鱼眼的显微鉴别依据。     

黄珠子草有效成分短叶苏木酚及8,9-单环氧短叶苏木酚对大鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨黄珠子草有效成分短叶苏木酚及8,9-单环氧短叶苏木酚保肝作用及机制。方法:SD大鼠ip四氯化碳(CCl ₄)或ig乙醇造成急性和慢性肝损伤,比色分析法检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸转移酶(AST)和总胆红素(TB IL)水平评价肝功能;分别用硫代巴比妥酸比色法和黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定血清、肝脏组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,并观察对血液流变学参数的影响。结果:短叶苏木酚和8,9-单环氧短叶苏木酚对CC l₄致ALT升高均有降低作用,对AST升高无明显影响;亦可拮抗乙醇诱致的大鼠血清TB IL的病理性升高;对肝损伤大鼠血清和肝脏MDA的升高、SOD活性的降低呈现出不同的改善作用;降低异常升高的血液流变学各项指标。结论:黄珠子草有效成分短叶苏木酚及8,9-单环氧短叶苏木酚对急慢性肝损伤具有保护作用,其机制与对抗自由基脂质过氧化及改善血液循环有关。     

叶下珠提取工艺的研究

目的优选叶下珠的提取工艺.方法采用正交试验法,以总黄酮含量为检测指标优选叶下珠提取工艺的最佳条件.结果影响提取的主次因素为D＞A＞B＞C(A为乙醇浓度,B为乙醇用量,C为提取时间,D为提取次数).最佳提取条件为7倍量70%乙醇,提取3次,每次2 h.结论优选得到的工艺稳定可行.     

叶下珠多酚化合物的分离与鉴定

目的：研究叶下珠的化学成分。方法：色谱法分离纯化,现代波谱法鉴定结构。结果和结论：分离鉴定了1个新的多酚类,定名为叶下珠素F。