基于证据体的中医药临床证据分级标准建议

证据是循证医学的重要组成部分,而临床研究是证据的最重要来源。国际上证据分级体系不断发展并完善,其中认可度较高的是GRADE体系,但其在应用于中医学领域时仍存在一定局限性。本文在2007年的"基于证据体的中医药证据分级建议"的基础上进行了更新和完善,对中医药有效性和安全性的现代临床研究证据的质量分级标准提出了思路和构想,并借鉴国际公认的证据质量评价标准,综合考虑中医药临床研究的特点,详细描述了影响证据质量的因素,并按照不同的研究设计类型,分别提出了升降级的参考标准,以帮助研究者科学合理地整合评价中医临床证据,从而使指南更科学合理地用于指导临床实践,增加中医临床诊疗方案的科学性和实用性。     

外泌体作为靶向治疗载体的研究进展

外泌体是来源于细胞内膜的纳米级的囊泡，包含有核酸、蛋白和脂质等生命物质，作为一种细胞间交流的机制，在生命活动中发挥着重要作用。相对于脂质体载体，外泌体更稳定，生物相容性好，免疫原性低，而且可以渗透生物屏障，例如血脑屏障、胎盘屏障等。重点介绍外泌体载体靶向性的基础、外泌体载体装载负荷的方法及外泌体载体目前的应用进展和前景。     

Effect of stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCR4 axis in neural stem cell transplantation for Parkinson’s disease

Previous studies have shown that neural stem cell transplantation has the potential to treat Parkinson’s disease,but its specific mechanism of action is still unclear.Stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its receptor,chemokine receptor 4(CXCR4),are important regulators of cell migration.We speculated that the CXCR4/stromal cell-derived factor 1 axis may be involved in the therapeutic effect of neural stem cell transplantation in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.A Parkinson’s disease rat model was injected with 6-hydroxydopamine via the right ascending nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway,and then treated with 5μL of neural stem cell suspension(1.5×104/L)in the right substantia nigra.Rats were intraperitoneally injected once daily for 3 days with 1.25 mL/kg of the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 to observe changes after neural stem cell transplantation.Parkinson-like behavior in rats was detected using apomorphine-induced rotation.Immunofluorescence staining was used to determine the immunoreactivity of tyrosine hydroxylase,CXCR4,and stromal cell-derived factor-1 in the brain.Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,the mRNA expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and CXCR4 in the right substantia nigra were measured.In addition,western blot assays were performed to analyze the protein expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and CXCR4.Our results demonstrated that neural stem cell transplantation noticeably reduced apomorphine-induced rotation,increased the mRNA and protein expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and CXCR4 in the right substantia nigra,and enhanced the immunoreactivity of tyrosine hydroxylase,CXCR4,and stromal cell-derived factor-1 in the brain.Injection of AMD3100 inhibited the aforementioned effects.These findings suggest that the stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCR4 axis may play a significant role in the therapeutic effect of neural stem cell transplantation in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease.This study was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Kunming Medical University,China(approval No.SYXKK2015-0002)on April 1,2014.     

急性白血病医院感染病原学分析及HIF-1α、VEGF和Bcl-2表达研究

目的 探讨急性白血病医院感染病原学分析及缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2(Bcl-2)表达研究。 方法 选择舟山市普陀区人民医院和浙江省人民医院于2014年1月—2017年12月收治的急性白血病患者171例,分析医院感染发生率、病原菌分布及主要病原菌耐药情况。取患者骨髓组织病理切片,采用免疫组化染色法测定HIF-1α、VEGF和Bcl-2表达,以平均光密度值进行定量分析。 结果 急性白血病住院患者171例,发生医院感染患者54例(医院感染率为31.58%);感染部位以呼吸道、口腔和胃肠道为主,分别占35.19%、24.07%和16.67%;共分离病原菌71株,革兰阴性菌39株占54.93%;71株病原菌中,肺炎克雷伯菌15株占21.13%、金黄色葡萄球菌12株占16.90%、铜绿假单胞菌10株占14.08%、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌9株占12.68%。分离的革兰阴性菌中,肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢哌酮耐药率较高,耐药率为53.33%;铜绿假单胞菌对哌拉西林耐药率较高,耐药率为60.00%。分离的革兰阳性菌中,金黄色葡萄球菌对红霉素耐药率较高,耐药率为75.00%;凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌对红霉素耐药率较高,耐药率为66.67%。感染组骨髓组织中HIF-1α和VEGF平均光密度值高于未感染组而Bcl-2平均光密度值低于未感染组,且差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。 结论 急性白血病住院患者医院感染率较高,病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,且感染患者骨髓组织中HIF-1α和VEGF呈高表达而Bcl-2呈低表达,具有重要研究意义。      

老港综合填埋场生活垃圾填埋堆体稳定性理论评估研究

南方湿润性气候使得沿海填埋场易受渗沥液产生量大、堆体水位高和堆体稳定控制难等问题影响。其中堆体稳定攸关库区运营安全,需要特别关注。针对老港综合填埋场生活垃圾库区进行剩余库容测算、堆体安全监测和评估,主要评估现状堆体边坡、后续堆高所形成的堆体边坡和地基稳定性,根据评估结果得出,主水位上升显著降低堆体沿地基的稳定及内部稳定,其高度直接影响了后续填高安全,滞水位埋深上升会引起垃圾堆体浅层和后续填高堆体滑动。建议尽快开展现状垃圾堆体中渗沥液水位勘查及垃圾强度参数测试工作,新增堆体渗沥液水位测量及垃圾堆体表面水平位移测量,及时采取相关水位控制措施。