昆山市流动人口卫生服务需求和利用分析

[目的]了解昆山市流动人口卫生服务需求和利用现状。[方法]以问卷调查与访谈相结合方法,对昆山市10个工厂的998名流动人口进行了调查。[结果]流动人口两周患病率为21.91%,两周就诊率10.7%,2005年住院率为3.9%,医疗保险的覆盖率为31.0%。昆山市流动人口卫生服务需求与利用的影响因素有年龄、婚姻状况、收入水平、文化程度、是否有医疗保险。[结论]应该将流动人口作为社区卫生服务的重点服务对象,加强健康教育,合理引导流动人口有效利用社区卫生服务,提高医疗保险覆盖率,建立适合流动人口需求的医疗保障体系。     

Need for recovery after work predicts sickness absence: a 2-year prospective cohort study in truck drivers

BACKGROUND: Incomplete recovery from work-related fatigue after work (i.e., sustained activation) is assumed to mediate the relation between the exposure to stressful working conditions and the development of health problems. The need for recovery after work scale reflects the extent to which workers have difficulties to recover adequately from work-related fatigue after a working day. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to establish if need for recovery after work in truck drivers (1). predicts future sickness absence (>14 working days) and (2). mediates the prospective relation between stressful working conditions (low control, high job demands) and sickness absence. METHODS: Self-administered questionnaires, providing information about need for recovery after work, sickness absence, job control, and job demands (psychological, physical, and supervisor job demands), were sent to a random sample of 2000 drivers in 1998. Of the 1123 responders, 820 returned a completed questionnaire 2 years later (response 72%). This study was restricted to the 526 participants who still worked at follow-up as a truck driver at the same company. RESULTS: High baseline need for recovery after work was associated with an increased risk for subsequent sickness absence (odds ratio [OR] 2.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-4.24) after adjustment for age, previous sickness absence, marital status, educational level, and company size. Additional adjustment for baseline stressful working conditions led to a marginally reduction of the excess risk for sickness absence. CONCLUSIONS: High need for recovery after work increases the risk of subsequent sickness absence that is not explained by relevant (non-) work-related factors. However, the results did not testify that need for recovery after work mediates between the exposure to stressful working conditions, and the subsequent occurrence of sickness absence. Practically, the results indicate that monitoring recovery complaints in truck drivers may assist practitioners to take efficient preventive measures at the appropriate time.     

82例聋儿家长对康复认知与需求的调查分析

目的了解听障儿童家长对康复认知与需求情况。方法自制《聋儿家长对孩子康复情况认知与需求情况调查问卷》，对82位聋儿家长进行问卷调查。结果57位家长对机构康复效果产生时间的期望值过高；66位家长未曾参加过孕前“优生优育，控制出生缺陷”的培训，也不了解孩子耳聋的具体原因；49位家长要求免费康复培训；43位家长对孩子进行课后康复训练的方法欠妥；35位家长和家庭其他成员及亲友们对孩子康复训练与效果的认知不统一，当地社区康复工作滞后。结论82位聋儿家长对聋儿康复认知与需求有较大的偏差，康复机构要重视“促两项”．“把三关”，以提高家长的认知水平，促进聋儿全面康复。     

军队卫生资源需要与利用调查设计

目的 探讨军队卫生资源优化配置中卫生资源需要与利用情况的调查方法。方法 对医院、疗养院、机关门诊部、防疫机构、药材保障机构进行全军范围内普查，对军队人员与师医院、旅团卫生队进行多阶段分层整群随机抽样调查，对军政后勤领导采用半格式化采访问卷抽样访谈。结果 收集了军队各类卫生保障机构的卫生资源供需情况数据，调查了17295名军队人员的健康状况，访谈了107名军政后勤领导。结论 建立了军队卫生资源需要与利用情况调查数据库，为今后的相关研究奠定了基础。撰写了调查统计分析报告，为卫生管理部门进行科学决策提供了可靠的数字依据。     

新旧城区居民健康教育需求调查

目的了解汕头市新旧城区居民健康教育的不同需求，以制定相应的健康教育策略。方法采用整群随机抽样方法，对新城区732名居民和旧城区512名居民采用自填式问卷的方法调查新旧城区居民的健康教育需求。结果与生活行为习惯密切相关的慢性病均是新旧城区居民主要疾病，但新旧城区居民的疾病卫生知识掌握程度及期望的健康教育传播方式有差异。结论城市化进程中，在加快旧城区改造步伐的同时，健康教育工作要向旧城区适当倾斜，并根据新旧城区居民的不同特点选择居民易接受的健康教育传播方式。     

Need and demand in psychiatric emergency service utilization: explaining topographic differences of a utilization sample in Mannheim

Up to now all investigations about the topographic distribution of psychiatric utilization rates ignore whether or not the patients really require care (need for care) respectively express that need by themselves (demand for care). To analyze utilization rates of the psychiatric emergency service of the Central Institute of Mental Health in Mannheim (CIMH), variables differentiating between need and demand for emergency care were included. The investigation is based on contacts in the psychiatric emergency service between 1982 and 1993 and comprises 6463 patients with 14,628 contacts. To operationalize the concepts of need and demand the items “instance of consultation”, “reasons for consultation”“inpatient admission” and “rated urgency” from the standardized record system of the psychiatric emergency service were used. The association between need, demand and ecological, socio-demographic and distance-related factors were analyzed. The results show that demand for psychiatric emergency care is an important factor for explaining topographic diferences in service utilization. Demand correlates with ecological, socio-demographic and distance related factors; need only correlates with age. The amount of demand also varies with specific mental disorders. Received: 21 July 1999 / Accepted: 31 May 2000     

东营地区居民慢性病医疗服务需求弹性研究

目的 了解东营地区居民慢性病医疗服务需求情况，为政府制订疾病控制策略提供依据。方法 通过对东营地区居民家庭卫生服务的抽样调查，利用需求弹性经济学模型进行分析。结果 东营地区城市和农村慢性病基本医疗服务的价格弹性系数分别为-0．268和-0．469，收入弹性系数分别为0．176和0．370，价格和收入因素对农村居民的需求影响较大。结论 在对医疗卫生服务机构进行管理时，必须充分考虑卫生服务的价格因素，切实有效增加居民的卫生服务需求。     

社区护理人员工作满意度调查

目的了解社区护理人员对目前护理工作的满意度状况,为提高护士工作积极性提供依据。方法对本院社康中心58名在职护士采用问卷调查,根据量表要求计分,数据采用SPSS 10.0软件处理。结果社区护士对薪资水平、工作环境、管理模式、工作内容均有不同程度不满。不满的对象与学历、职称、年龄、婚姻状况有关。结论护理管理应以人为本,体现民主管理,尊重护士的利益和需要。认同护士的工作价值,有助于提高护士的工作满意度。     

中西部地区城市社区卫生服务基础资源配置现状及需求

目的 了解我国中西部地区城市CHS机构基础资源配置现状,明确地区差异及需求,为有关部门制定政策提供依据.方法 2006年5月调查中西部地区41个地级以上城市辖区的205所CHS中心和864所CHS站,采用标准化自填式问卷进行调查.结果 CHS中心业务用房平均建筑面积1478.28m2.CHS站业务用房平均建筑面积250.99m2;业务科室拥有率在前5位的科室全部为医疗用业务科室,公共卫生用业务科室的拥有率相对较低;大型昂贵设备在CHS机构并不多见,某些常用设备如血糖仪、心电图、健教用音响设备、电脑等的拥有率较低.CHS中心和CHS站的现有数量分别占其规划数量的56.84%和48.52%.结论 中、西部地级以上城市对社区卫生服务的需求尚未满足,CHS机构基础资源配置有待改善.     

住院患者护理需求及满意度相关因素分析

目的分析住院患者护理需求及满意度的相关影响因素。方法选取住院患者200例，发放调查问卷，回收有效问卷191份，对相关数据进行分析。结果住院患者的需求范围广泛；年龄与所在科室对住院患者对生理舒适方面的需求有影响；住院患者对护理工作的总体满意度较高；不同科室的住院患者对家属陪伴需求方面的满意度不同；自理程度与住院患者多方面的满意度有关；住院患者的满意度与护理需求的排序基本一致。结论护理工作需要满足患者各方面的需求，以促进其全面康复。