Metabolic syndrome is related to vascular structural alterations but not to functional ones both in hypertensives and healthy subjects

Background and aimsMetabolic Syndrome (MS) has been related to an impairment in arterial structural and functional properties with heterogeneous results. In this paper we focused on the effects of MS on arterial carotid-femoral PWV and common carotid IMT in two different populations, one of hypertensive patients and one of healthy controls.Methods and resultsWe enrolled 816 consecutive HT and 536 healthy controls. Vascular structural (IMT) and functional (PWV) properties were evaluated. NCEP-ATP-III criteria were used for diagnosis of MS. MS was diagnosed in 26.9% and 6.9% in hypertensive and control subjects, respectively. PWV was similar in controls with and without MS (7.7 ± 1.9 vs 7.6 ± 1.1 m/s, p = 0.69), while IMT was higher in controls with than those without MS (0.64 ± 0.18 vs 0.57 ± 0.13 mm, p = 0.02). Hypertensives with MS were older (57.9 ± 12.2 vs 52.7 ± 14.1 years, p < 0.001) and showed higher PWV (9.0 ± 2.3 vs 8.4 ± 2.1 m/s, p = 0.001) and IMT (0.72 ± 0.22 vs 0.65 ± 0.17 mm, p < 0.001) than those without MS, however at the age-adjusted analysis only the difference in IMT was confirmed (p = 0.007). Regression models showed that MS was an independent determinant of IMT in both controls (β = 0.08, p = 0.03) and hypertensives (β = 0.08, p = 0.01), but not of PWV either in controls (β = 0.006, p = 0.886 and β = 0.04, p = 0.19, respectively).Conclusionsthe main finding of our work is that MS is a significant determinant of IMT while this is not the case for PWV. This result have been confirmed both in hypertensive subjects and in healthy controls.     

2型糖尿病患者血浆视黄醇结合蛋白4与颈动脉内中膜厚度的关系研究

目的探讨血浆视黄醇结合蛋白4(plasma retinol-binding protein 4,RBP4)与2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetics,T2DM)患者颈动脉内中膜厚度(common carotid artery,CCA-IMT)的关系。方法 2002年1月—2008年12月在中南大学湘雅二医院内分泌门诊确诊为T2DM的患者217例,依据CCA-IMT差距的三分位数将患者分为三组,甲组(下三分位组)73例、乙组(中三分位组)72例与丙组(上三分位组)72例。正态分布的资料用x±s表示,非正态分布的资料用中位数(最小值~最大值)表示;多组间均数比较用One-Way ANOVA及LSD检验;RBP4与其他指标的关系采用Pearson相关分析法进行。以双侧P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果丙组患者的年龄[(57.6±7.8)岁]高于其余两组(P0.05),三组患者其余的临床资料及一般生化指标如血糖、血脂等无差异;丙组患者血浆RBP4[(25.22±3.54)μg/ml]浓度显著高于甲组(P0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果提示血浆RBP4与BMI、SBP、FBS、PBS、FINS及HOMA-IR呈正相关(r=0.155、0.122、0.192、0.179、0.586、0.624,P0.05)。结论 T2DM患者的血浆RBP4水平与CCA-IMT密切相关。     

Role of Vitamin D in Intima Media Thickness in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Increased carotid intima media thickness indicates subclinical atherosclerosis. We evaluated the relation between vitamin D level and intima media thickness in patients with type 1 DM. 93 patients (female/male: 48/45, aged 31.5 ± 11.9 years, A1c 9.48 ± 2.43, vitamin D [15.9 (12.1–19.2)]) with type 1 DM were included into the study. Common carotid artery IMT was measured by real time B mode ultrasonography (MyLab 70 XVG, Esaote SpA, Genoa, Italy). Vitamin D was measured using radioimmunassay. Male and female patients (n = 14, 15%) had similar rates of plaque presence (p = 0.377). IMT was similar according to gender. IMT [0.45 (0.40–0.50)] was positively correlated with age, duration of diabetes, creatinine, LDL/HDL ratio, and ALP. Median IMT was higher in current smokers, patients with retinopathy, and nephropathy, and overweight/obese patients. IMT was not different according to vitamin D status. However calcium level corrected for albumin was in positive correlation with mean IMT (r = 0.221, p = 0.033). We detected high frequency of vitamin D deficiency (78%) defined as less than 20 ng/ml. Vitamin D and diabetes control defined as A1c have no effect on intima media thickness in type 1 DM. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors including age, duration of DM, smoking, and BMI adversely affect intima media thickness.     

不同类型高血压患者颈部动脉结构及血流动力学变化特征的超声研究

目的探讨不同类型高血压患者的颈部动脉结构和血流动力学超声改变的特点及相互关系.方法对127例受检者进行颈部动脉超声研究,其中高血压组87例,包括单纯收缩压增高组(ISH)18例、单纯舒张压增高组(IDH)25例和收缩压和舒张压均增高组(BSDH)44例,对照组40例,分别测量各组颈部动脉总干内-中膜厚度(CCA-IMT)、分叉内-中膜厚度(BIMT)、斑块以及两侧颈总动脉、颈内动脉、椎动脉血流动力学指标.结果 (1)CCA-IMT和BIMT 高血压组明显高于对照组(P＝0.006),ISH组在各组中最高;ISH、IDH、BSDH组斑块检出率分别为66.7%、48.0%、50.0%,显著高于对照组检出率23.1%;(2)与对照组相比,高血压组的血流动力学指标改变表现为收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)及血流量降低,PI和RI均增高;各型高血压组间比较:BSDH组的EDV显著低于其他组,ISH组的PI最高,IDH组有关椎动脉的6项指标均有意义.结论各型高血压的颈部动脉的形态和血流动力学改变不尽相同.     

经外膜缓释雷帕霉素抑制兔同种异体移植血管内膜增生的研究

目的：探讨雷帕霉素抑制血管移植后再狭窄的作用机制.方法：健康雄性新西兰大耳白兔36只,随机选取其中18只切取腹主动脉,经20%甲醛浸泡48 h去除抗原活性.另18只动物随机分为3组,腹主动脉移植去抗原同种异体腹主动脉后给予不同处理.A组：血管移植后不予处理;B组：在移植血管外膜及吻合口周围涂抹20% pluronic F-127多聚凝胶0.5 ml;C组：在相同部位涂抹含0.5 mg雷帕霉素的20% pluronic F-127多聚凝胶0.5 ml.术后4周获取移植血管,HE染色观察移植血管内膜增生情况,计算机图像分析系统测量移植血管内膜厚度,免疫组化SP法检测移植血管α-actin、PCNA和p27kip1的表达.结果：术后4周,A、B组较C组内膜增生明显（P＜0.05）.增生的血管内膜均可见类似于血管平滑肌的α-actin阳性表达.各组移植血管增生的内膜均可见不同程度的PCNA、p27kip1阳性表达.C组α-actin和PCNA的表达较A、B组明显降低（P＜0.05）,而p27kip1的表达较A、B组明显增多（P＜0.05）.结论：对20% pluronic F-127多聚凝胶携带雷帕霉素涂抹移植血管外膜可有效抑制移植血管平滑肌细胞增殖.雷帕霉素抑制移植血管再狭窄的机制与其上调移植血管组织中p27kip1的表达而使细胞增殖周期受抑有关.     

Inter- and intra-observer variability analysis of completely automated cIMT measurement software (AtheroEdge™) and its benchmarking against commercial ultrasound scanner and expert Readers

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the measurement error and inter- and intra-observer variability of completely off-line automated and semi-automated carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) measurement software (AtheroEdge™).     

高血压病患者应用阿托伐他汀颈动脉内膜中层厚度及脉压差的影响

摘要：目的：探讨阿托伐他汀对高血压患者动脉内膜中层厚度及脉压差的影响。方法：将单纯性收缩期高血压160例,随机分为治疗组和对照组各80例,对照组1：7服厄贝沙坦（150mg1次／日,治疗组在对照组基础上,加用阿托伐他汀20rag,1次／晚,治疗12个月,观察两组患者血压及动脉内膜中层厚度。结果：治疗后治疗组颈总动脉（CCA）、颈动脉分叉处（BULB）的颈动脉内膜中层厚度和脉压差均明显低于对照组,差异有明显的统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：高血压病患者应用阿托伐他汀不但能降低颈动脉内膜中层厚度,而且可以改善脉压差情况。     

2型糖尿病血清尿酸与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系

目的：探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血清尿酸（SUA）水平与颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）的关系。方法：2011年8月～2012年6月内分泌科住院的157例T2DM患者,分为高血尿酸组（68例）及正常血尿酸组（89例）。记录患者身高、体重、腰围和臀围,测定空腹血糖（FBG）、血总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDLC）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、IMT,并计算相应的体重指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）。结果：高血尿酸组BMI、WHR、FINS、HOMA—IR、LDL—C、TG、IMT较正常血尿酸组升高（P〈0．05）,而FBG、TC、HDL—C两组差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论：2型糖尿病高血尿酸组更易出现血脂异常、胰岛素抵抗及动脉粥样硬化。