Graft remodeling during growth following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in skeletally immature sheep

Introduction  Ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament are being diagnosed with increasing frequency in skeletally immature individuals. It was our aim to investigate the graft remodelling process following an autologous, transphyseal reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in skeletally immature sheep. We hypothesized that the ligamentisation process in immature sheep is quicker and more complete when compared to adult sheep. Materials and methods  Skeletally immature sheep with an age of 4 months underwent a fully transphyseal ACL reconstruction using an autologous tendon. The animals were subsequently sacrificed at 3, 6, 12 and 24 weeks following surgery. Each group was characterised histomorphometrically, by immunostaining (VEGF, SMA), by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and biomechanically (UFS Roboter). Results  The histomorphometric analysis and presence of VEGF and SMA positive cells demonstrated a rapid return to a ligament like structure. The biomechanical analysis revealed an anteroposterior translation that was still increased even 6 months following surgery. Conclusion  As in adult sheep models, the remodeling of a soft tissue graft used for ACL reconstruction results in a biomechanically inferior substitute. However, the immature tissue seems to remodel faster and more complete when compared to adults. R. Meller and G. Brandes contributed equally to this work.     

朝藿定C对骨质疏松模型小鼠骨组织形态学的影响

目的探讨朝藿定C对骨质疏松模型小鼠骨组织形态学的影响.方法以0.4%戊巴比妥钠麻醉动物后,造模小鼠切除双侧卵巢,对照小鼠切除卵巢旁同样大小的脂肪团.术后45d将小鼠分为6组:假手术组(等容积常水)、模型组(等容积常水)、阳性药组(己烯雌酚2mg/kg)、朝藿定C高剂量组(20mg/kg)、朝藿定C中剂量组(10mg/kg)、朝藿定C低剂量组(5mg/kg),每组14只小鼠.各组动物按各自药物和剂量灌胃给药,每日1次.连续给药60d后,处死小鼠,以BI-2000医学图像分析系统对股骨做骨组织形态计量学分析.结果与对照组比较,模型组骨小梁平均宽度及骨小梁面积百分率、成骨细胞数明显减少,破骨细胞数明显增多,差异显著;与模型组比较,朝藿定C高中剂量组及己烯雌酚组骨小梁平均宽度及骨小梁面积百分率、成骨细胞数明显增高,破骨细胞数明显减少.(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论朝藿定C能增加去卵巢小鼠骨的骨量,具有促进骨形成和抑制骨吸收的双重作用.     

Cloverleaf skull associated with Pfeiffer syndrome: pathology and management

The clinical and radiological findings in an infant with severe cloverleaf skull associated with a Pfeiffer syndrome are presented. The skull anomaly resulted in raised intracranial pressure and proptosis of the right eye within several weeks of birth. The child died at 3 months of age after subtotal craniectomy. At autopsy a detailed macroscopical and histological analysis of the skull base was conducted. The timing and value of surgery are discussed as well as the pathology of the cloverleaf skull anomaly.     

桃红四物汤有效成分的交互作用及其对骨痂微血管形态学的影响

目的:探讨桃红四物汤主次要有效成分的交互作用及其对骨痂组织及骨痂微血管形态的影响。方法:从桃红四物汤中提取了4类有效成分:总生物碱(A)、总苷(B)、总多糖(C)和总挥发油(D),按照前期实验所得结果(主要成分为A,次要部位为B、C、D),对清洁级小白鼠徒手定点折骨造模后进行实验。按照L8(27)正交设计方案分组,观察分析骨折断端骨痂组织形态、微血管新生形态,探讨主次要成分之间是否存在交互作用。结果:提取成分处方组与原方组药物能促进骨折后骨生成细胞、成骨细胞、骨痂微血管的生长,并能使骨新生和微血管新生提早进入塑形期,与模型组比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。其中第1组对骨细胞与微血管新生、重建的促进作用最强。另从L8(27)正交实验方差分析法分析,总苷类取水平1和水平2差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而总多糖和总挥发油类取水平1和水平2均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:有效成分总生物碱与总苷有交互作用,与总多糖和总挥发油无交互作用;总苷、总多糖与总挥发油之间也无交互作用。     

消痰散结方对裸鼠人胃癌MKN-45原位移植瘤组织形态学的影响

目的通过建立裸鼠人胃癌MKN-45原位移植瘤模型,从组织形态学变化,探讨消痰散结方抑制胃癌细胞增殖的作用机制。方法采用OB胶粘贴法建立裸鼠人胃癌MKN-45原位移植模型,随机分为模型组,消痰散结低、中、高剂量组,5-氟脲嘧啶（5-Fu）组,每组8只,观察各组荷瘤鼠肿瘤生长情况、抑瘤率、大体及超微结构变化。结果（1）模型组、消痰散结方低、中、高剂量组动物实验前后体重变化与5-Fu组相比差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0.01）。（2）消痰散结方低、中、高剂量组抑瘤率分别为36.62%、44.82%、58.11%,呈现出剂量依赖效应,且消痰散结方高剂量组抑瘤率高于5-Fu组（51.82%）,但差异无统计学意义。（3）光镜下模型组可见肿瘤细胞增生明显,核大畸形,核仁深染,核质比大,核分裂相多见;消痰散结方组肿瘤细胞数目减少,核质比小,瘤组织可见片状坏死;5-Fu组可见大片状坏死。（4）电镜下模型组细胞增殖、分裂多见;消痰散结方各剂量组凋亡细胞居多,可见细胞核固缩等典型的凋亡形态学变化;5-Fu组可见异染色质边集,并可见细胞坏死。结论消痰散结方对裸鼠人胃癌MKN-45原位移植瘤有较好的抑制肿瘤生长作用,可明显地促进胃癌细胞凋亡、抑制胃癌细胞增殖,有效抑制胃癌发展。     

Shockwave Exerts Osteogenic Effect on Osteoporotic Bone In an Ovariectomized Goat Model

Our recent in vitro study showed that extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) stimulated calcium deposition in human periosteal cells. In this study, we hypothesized that the use of ESW could induce new bone formation in osteoporotic bone. Using our established osteoporotic goat model, the calcaneus, distal radius and femoral condyle of the left limb were treated with ESW once per month; the contralateral side served as the control. Bone mineral density (BMD), microarchitecture and dynamic histomorphometric index were evaluated after 9 months. Trabecular BMD of the calcaneus increased significantly by 2.90%. This finding was substantiated by micro-computed tomography findings showing that trabecular bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness of the treated calcaneus were enhanced compared with the contralateral control. However, significant difference could not be detected in the other two weight-bearing skeletal sites. Mineral apposition rates of all ESW-treated regions were also consistently higher than those of the control. These findings suggest that ESW treatment could enhance local BMD by inducing new bone formation, yet the effect was more apparent in non-weight-bearing sites. (E-mail: ksleung@cuhk.edu.hk)     

I型骨质疏松的松质骨密度和CT值与组织形态学对照研究

目的：研究Ⅰ型骨质疏松骨密度（ＢＭＤ）、松质骨ＣＴ值与组织形态学的关系,探讨ＢＭＤ测量的意义和限制。材料和方法：于术后 １８星期对 ３６ 只Ⅰ型骨质疏松动物模型（去势兔）和正常对照组股骨髁骨松质行 ＱＣＴ ＢＭＤ测量、分解ＣＴ值分析和组织形态学对照。结果：动物模型ＢＭＤ下降,但ＣＴ值变化不同。中等密度段ＣＴ值比例减少;低密度段ＣＴ值比例增高,高密度段ＣＴ值比例保持稳定,出现密度分布曲线左移现象。松质骨ＣＴ值改变与组织学上骨小梁减少、骨小梁间隙增宽、残余骨小梁增生有关。结论：在骨质疏松力学代偿期中等密度段ＣＴ值比例减少;低密度段ＣＴ值比例增高引起ＢＭＤ测量值的下降,但高密度段ＣＴ值比例保持稳定对保持骨强度有重要意义。     

Cancer: A pathologist's journey from morphology to molecular

The journey of cancer has taken significant positive steps towards better diagnosis and management. Pathologists have taken a leading role in this journey. Started with morphology which itself went through substantial developments in knowing the aetiology, pathogenesis, classification based upon the pattern, cellular details of the cancer. However, the histomorphologists met some road blocks in the form of ambiguities and some limitations that led to the expansion of pathologist's field to various other ancillary tests to enhance its values form diagnosis to therapeutics. This new journey facilitated the confidence of pathologist in the diagnosis, expanded their role in the clinical management through targeted therapy, monitoring of drugs, suggestions of prognosis. Various molecular diagnostic tests have been developed for the identification of tumor molecular profile for exploration of targeted therapy. The major problems in the management of cancer were resistance to chemotherapy, relapses and wide-spread side effects of chemotherapy. All these major problems to some extents are getting resolved with time as the molecular profiling is opening the gates. Many questions are being answered with the evolution in pathology. With the revolution of targeted therapy many difficult cancers are being treated with fewer side effects. In this review we will go through the journey from histomorphology, its advancement, digital pathology to the molecular pathology. These advancements interestingly haven't replaced the other, rather have enhanced others for the better management of cancer.     

摄食因素对SD大鼠肝脏相对重量及组织形态学影响

目的探讨摄食因素对SD大鼠肝脏相对重量及组织形态学影响。方法称量禁食/摄食条件下,不同性别无特定病原体(Specific pathogen Free,SPF)级SD大鼠体重及肝脏重量,计算相对重量。制作肝脏切片,进行HE和过碘酸雪夫染色法(Periodic Acid-Schiffstain,PAS)染色,观察其组织形态学改变。结果摄食使SD大鼠肝脏相对重量显著增大;摄食SD大鼠肝细胞肿胀,胞浆透亮,肝细胞内可见大量糖原;而禁食SD大鼠肝细胞呈多边形,胞浆红染,肝细胞内未见糖原。结论摄食因素对SD大鼠肝脏相对重量及其组织形态具有显著影响,建议在毒性试验中,动物剖检前隔夜禁食。