肾脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤的CT表现及鉴别

目的 探讨肾脏上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(EAML)的CT表现及其与肾透明细胞癌(ccRCC)、肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(AML)的鉴别诊断.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的EAML 28例、ccRCC 32例、AML 22例患者的CT征象并运用随机森林模型(RF)进行鉴别诊断.结果 EAML 28例中,男7例,女21例.平均发病年龄为42.5岁.25例发生在单侧肾脏;24例为单发,15例可见脂肪成分.CT平扫、增强动脉期及静脉期CT值分别为43.8HU、92.0 HU、77.0 HU.增强动静脉期CT差值12.8 HU.4例出现粗大血管.EAML与ccRCC进行鉴别诊断,其RF准确率为97.30％,EAML无囊变,约50％病例中含脂肪成分,发病年龄为42.5岁,平扫CT值为43.8 HU,动静脉期CT值差值为12.8 HU.约94％ ccRCC发生囊变,无脂肪,发病年龄为57.8岁,平扫CT值为36.7 HU,动静脉期CT值差值为27 HU.EAML与AML进行鉴别诊断,其RF准确率为70.97％:EAML较AML发病年龄年轻,肿瘤直径大,动静脉期CT值差大.结论 EAML主要发生在青年女性,平扫CT值较肾实质高,呈快进-慢出强化方式.EAML与ccRCC鉴别诊断主要从囊变、脂肪、年龄、平扫CT值、动静脉期CT值差值进行鉴别.EAML与AML主要从静脉期CT值、动脉期CT值、年龄、肿瘤直径、动静脉期CT值差值鉴别.     

髌骨转移性透明细胞癌1例报告

正患者,男,59岁,因行走时右侧髌骨下方疼痛1年入院。查体:跛行步态,双下肢基本等长,右膝关节无肿胀,皮温不高、色泽略暗,右膝关节间隙压痛阴性,侧方应力试验阴性,抽屉试验阴性,浮髌试验阴性,髌骨按压试验阳性。右膝关节活动范围:伸0°~屈90°。辅助检查:右膝关节正侧位X线片示:右侧膝关节间隙稍正常,关节面光滑,诸组成骨边缘及髁间隆起略变尖,髌骨内见类圆形低密度影(见图1a,1b)。右侧膝关节磁共振平扫(0.2T)检查所见:髌骨形态欠规整,略呈膨胀性改变,其内见不规则异常     

磁敏感加权成像与灌注加权成像在肾透明细胞癌分级诊断中的应用

目的 明确磁敏感加权成像(SWI)肿瘤内磁敏感信号(ITSS)与灌注加权成像(PWI)转运常数(Ktrans)之间是否存在相关性,以及两者在肾透明细胞癌(ccRCC)分级诊断中的应用价值.方法 选取36例经手术病理证实为ccRCC并进行病理Fuhrman核分级(Ⅰ～Ⅳ)评估的患者,行2D多次屏气SWI和肾脏PWI扫描.评估测量ITSS等级与Ktran的平均值,对Fuhrman Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ3组间分别进行Kruskal-Wallis检验和方差分析,并分析ITSS等级和Ktrans平均值之间的相关性;同时应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析其分级诊断效能.结果 Fuhrman分级Ⅰ级8例、Ⅱ级16例、Ⅲ级12例,对应的ITSS等级分别为1.25±0.43、1.75±0.83和2.20±0.75,Ktrans值分别为(0.24±0.07)、(0.31士0.08)和(0.34士0.07)min-1,不同Fuhrman分级间ITSS等级和Ktans值差异均有统计学意义(x2=6.089,P＜0.05;F=4.116,P＜0.05).ITSS与Ktrans总体呈中度正相关(r=0.536,P＜0.01).以ITSS和Ktrans的ROC曲线鉴别高、低级别(FuhrmanⅢvs Ⅰ～Ⅱ) ccRCC的曲线下面积(AUC)、敏感性和特异性相对较高,分别为0.737、80.0％、37.5％和0.737、90.0％、68.8％.结论 ITSS和Ktrans可以为ccRCC术前分级诊断提供更加丰富的信息,从而有助于手术方案的制定及预后的判断.     

Primary Laryngeal Clear Cell Chondrosarcoma: Report of a Case and Literature Review

We present an example of clear cell chondrosarcoma (CCC) arising in the thyroid cartilage, and review the literature regarding this neoplasm in the larynx. This patient has no evidence of disease 3 years post hemilaryngectomy. Although rare and morphologically distinct, CCC follows the same benign clinical course as conventional laryngeal chondrosarcoma.     

Prognostic urinary miRNAs for the assessment of small renal masses

BackgroundRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is often detected incidentally as a small renal mass (SRM; pT1a, ≤4 cm). It is clinically challenging to predict progression in patients with SRMs. This is largely due to the recent recognition of clinically progressive and non-progressive RCC-SRMs. It is critical to accurately stratify SRM patients according to risk to avoid unnecessary treatment. This is especially significant for elderly and infirm patients, where the risk of surgery outweighs mortality from SRMs.MethodsWe employed a qRT-PCR array-based approach and targeted qRT-PCR to identify and validate early, non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of RCC-SRMs. In total, we evaluated eighty urine samples, including 30 renal oncocytoma (≤4 cm) cases, 26 progressive and 24 non-progressive clear cell RCC-SRM (ccRCC-SRM) cases.ResultsWe identified nine urinary miRNAs which displayed significantly elevated expression in ccRCC-SRMs (pT1a; ≤4 cm) relative to renal oncocytoma (≤4 cm). Additionally, miR-328-3p displayed significantly down-regulated expression in progressive relative to non-progressive ccRCC-SRMs. Patients with elevated miR-328-3p expression had significantly longer overall survival (HR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.08–1.03, p = 0.042) compared to patients with low miR-328-3p expression. We also found no significant association between miR-328-3p expression levels and gender, age, laterality, tumor size, or grade, suggesting that miR-328-3p is an independent prognostic biomarker.ConclusionsOur in-depth miRNA profiling approach identified novel biomarkers for early-stage ccRCC-SRMs. Pretreatment characterization of urinary miRNAs may provide insight into early RCC progression and could potentially aid clinical decision-making, improving patient management and reducing overtreatment.     

Serous neoplasms of the pancreas share many,but not all aspects of their microvascular and angiogenic profile with low-grade clear cell renal cell carcinomas

Similarly to clear cell renal cell carcinomas (CCRCC), serous neoplasms (SN) of the pancreas frequently show inactivation of VHL gene, clear cell histology and abundant microvasculature. Data on the microvascular and angiogenic profile of SN are scarce. Aiming to examine further the striking resemblance of clear cell epithelial neoplasia in pancreas and kidney, we compared the microvascular profile and expression of pro-angiogenic factors in SN and in CCRCC using immunohistochemical stains. SN and CCRCC shared a predominance of differentiated blood vessels, scarcity of lymphatic vessels, presence of CD105 and claudin-5 in tumoral vessels, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), carbonic anhydrase IX in tumoral cells, and lack of VEGF-C in tumoral cells. In contrast to CCRCC, SN showed lower pericyte coverage of vessels, lower blood vessel endothelial cell proliferaction fraction, more pronounced VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-2 and glucose transporter-1 expression, higher inducible (iNOS) but lower endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression, as well as presence of VEGFR-3 and D2-40 expression in epithelial cells. In conclusion, we found a significant similarity but not equality of microvascular biology of SN and CCRCC. We recognized VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, COX-2, iNOS, eNOS and D2-40 as new markers of epithelial cells of SN of the pancreas.