阿托伐他汀对老年冠心病患者骨密度的影响

目的:探讨常规剂量阿托伐他汀对老年冠心病患者骨密度的影响.方法:对冠状动脉造影检查确诊的冠心病患者94例,根据其血浆LDL-C水平给予阿托伐他汀10～20 mg/d(平均13.65 mg/d),治疗1年.对照组为87例同期在心血管病房住院的年龄及性别相匹配的其他患者.于入院时及随访1年后以数字式放射吸收测量法测定左手第2、3、4手指中节指骨的相对骨矿物质密度(BMD),并检测治疗前后血TC及LDL-C浓度.结果:1年后,治疗组患者血TC浓度降低25.86%[(5.22±0.97)mmol/L:(3.87±0.42)mmol/L,P＜0.01],LDL-C浓度均降低24.71%[(3.06±0.60)mmol/L:(2.26±0.41)mmol/L,P＜0.01],手指BMD增加5.78%[(0.588±0.061)g/cm2;(0.622±0.046)g/cm2,P＜0.01].对照组患者血TC浓度[(4.37±1.03)mmol/L:(4.67±0.49)mmol/L]及LDL-C浓度[(2.6l±0.61)mmol/L:(2.74±0.26)mmol/L,均差异无统计学意义.P＞0.05].手指BMD降低0.13%[(0.596±0.062)g/cm2:(0.585±0.047)g/cm2.P＞0.05].1年后BMD的变化2组相比差异有统计学意义(5.78%;-0.13%.P＜0.01).结论:常规剂量的阿托伐他汀治疗降低血胆固醇水平的同时能增加老年冠心病患者BMD,改善患者的骨质疏松.     

动态光谱法无创检测人体血液胆固醇的探讨

目的：分析动态光谱法用于人体血液胆固醇含量无创检测的应用意义。方法：选取2013年10月-2014年1月本院96名健康体检者作为研究对象,对其进行在体测量动态光谱和抽血分析胆固醇含量,之后选用BP神经网络对获取的动态光谱数据和胆固醇含量实测值进行建模分析。结果：从96个体检样本中抽取81个作为校正集,另外15个作为预测集,得到校正集和预测集的相关系数分别为98.8%和95.65%,预测集的绝对误差最小为0.39%,最大为25.33%,平均相对误差为13.49%。结论：动态光谱法对胆固醇含量进行测量是一种精确性很高的无创检测分析方法,值得临床上推广。     

广东省18岁及以上城市居民血脂异常分布特征及影响因素

目的了解广东省城市≥18岁居民血胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白的水平、分布及其影响因素。方法对2974名18岁及以上调查对象采集空腹血浆血脂进行检测。结果广东省城市18岁及以上居民血浆TG、TC和HDL-C平均水平分别为1.56、5.03和1.41mmol/L,TG、TC和HDL-C的水平随年龄增加而增加,其中60岁以上的人群中女性TG（1.84±1.16）mmol/L和TC（5.58±1.01）mmol/L水平,均分别高于男性TG（1.60±1.02）mmol/L和TC（5.20±0.99）mmol/L,而HDL-C的平均水平在各年龄组均为女性高于男性。高TG血症的患病率随年龄增加呈先升后降的分布特征,而低HDL-C血症的患病率随年龄增加呈先降后升的趋势,高TC血症的最高患病率为60岁以上人群组。年龄是高TG（OR=1.16）、高TC血症（OR=1.93）的危险因素,但是低HDL-C血症（OR=0.84）的保护因素;女性是高TG（OR=0.62）、低HDL-C血症（OR=0.53）的保护因素;婚姻状况（OR=1.41）、民族（OR=3.06）、家庭年人均收入（OR=1.09）是低HDL-C血症的危险因素。结论随着生活水平的提升,广东城市居民的血脂异常患病率较高,尤其是45岁以上的男性以及60岁以上的女性人群应纳入血脂异常防治的重点人群。年龄、婚姻状况、家庭年人均收入、民族和性别等因素是血脂异常的主要影响因素。     

术前血浆磷脂转运蛋白水平与冠状动脉旁路移植术后 新发心房颤动的相关性

目的 探讨术前血浆磷脂转运蛋白(PLTP)水平与冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)后新发房颤(POAF)的相关性及其诊断价值。方法 自2015年1月至2016年6月,在中国医学科学院北京协和医学院泰达国际心血管病医院就诊并接受单独CABG手术的所有病人中,选取40例发生POAF的病人为AF组,未发生POAF的病人40例,为SR组。测量两组病人术前血浆中PLTP水平,评价其与POAF的相关性与其对POAF的诊断价值。结果 AF组PLTP水平(1.5±1.5) mg/mL显著低于SR组 (2.6±1.6) mg/mL(P=0.004);在矫正POAF发生的相关变量后,PLTP仍与POAF独立相关;ROC分析显示PLTP诊断POAF的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.74(P<0.001),其临界值为0.43 mg/mL。结论 发生CABG术后POAF的病人血浆中PLTP水平较未发生病人为低;术前血浆中PLTP水平与CABG术后POAF的发生独立相关,且可能为POAF发生的可靠预测指标。     

慢性心力衰竭病人血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高敏肌钙蛋白T水平与心功能指标的相关性

目的 分析血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、高敏肌钙蛋白T(Hs-cTnT)水平在慢性心力衰竭发生、发展中的价值。方法 选取2013年2月至2016年6月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院收治的慢性心力衰竭住院病人(慢性心衰组,n=200)以及健康体检者(健康对照组,n=86)为研究对象,并根据美国心脏病协会(NYHA)心功能分级将慢性心衰组进一步分为Ⅱ级(n=43)、Ⅲ级(n=111)、Ⅳ级(n=46) 3个亚组。比较四组受试者间血清HDL-C、Hs-cTnT水平,所有受试对象均行超声心动图检查,测定左室射血分数(LVEF),采用Spearman等级相关分析慢性心力衰竭病人心功能分级、LVEF与血清HDL-C、Hs-cTnT水平的相关性。结果 慢性心衰组病人血清HDL-C(0.98±0.64)mmol/L低于健康对照组(1.59±0.58)mmol/L(t=7.256,P<0.001),血清Hs-cTnT(0.34±0.12)ng/mL高于健康对照组(0.04±0.02)ng/mL(t=8.978,P<0.001)。慢性心衰组病人血清HDL-C水平、LVEF由低到高依次为Ⅳ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级;而血清Hs-cTnT水平由高到低依次为Ⅳ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级。不同心功能分级病人血清HDL-C、Hs-cTnT水平以及LVEF均差异有统计学意义(F=33.451,P=0.000;F=37.302,P=0.000;F=53.701,P=0.000)。Spearman相关分析结果显示,慢性心衰组病人血清HDL-C水平与心功能分级呈负相关(r_s=-0.483,P=0.000),与LVEF呈正相关(r_s=0.221,P=0.002);血清Hs-cTnT水平与心功能分级呈正相关(r_s=0.693,P=0.000),与LVEF呈负相关(r_s=-0.433,P=0.000);慢性心衰组病人血清HDL-C水平与血清Hs-cTnT水平呈负相关(r_s=-0.284,P=0.000)。结论 慢性心力衰竭病人HDL-C水平降低、Hs-cTnT水平增高,且其血清水平与病人心功能状态显著相关,测定血清HDL、Hs-cTnT水平有利于慢性心力衰竭疾病的预防、治疗及预后评估。     

Egg consumption and carotid atherosclerosis in the Northern Manhattan Study

Background

The evidence supporting recommendations to limit intake of cholesterol rich foods is inconclusive. We aimed to examine the association between egg consumption and carotid atherosclerosis phenotypes, and the association with clinical vascular events in a prospective, urban, multi-ethnic population.

Methods and results

The Northern Manhattan Study is a population based cohort to determine stroke incidence, risk factors and prognosis. A sub-cohort of 1429 NOMAS participants with both carotid ultrasounds and comprehensive dietary information was evaluated (mean ± SD age of participants 65.80 ± 8.80, 40% male, 18% white, 20% black, 60% Hispanic). The association between egg consumption and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) was assessed with linear regression. Logistic and quantile regression was used to examine the association between egg consumption and carotid plaque presence, thickness, and area. The relation between egg consumption and clinical vascular events (N = 2669) was examined with Cox models. The mean total cIMT was 0.91 ± 0.08 mm and 58% had carotid plaque present. Increasing egg consumption was inversely associated with cIMT, plaque presence, thickness, and area, in models adjusted for demographics, vascular risk factors and diet. For every additional egg consumed per week, the risk of plaque decreased by 11% (95% CI 3%–18%). No association was detected between egg consumption and risk of clinical vascular outcomes, over a mean follow up of 11 years and after adjustment for covariates.

Conclusions

Frequency of egg consumption in the low to moderate range was inversely related to several markers of carotid atherosclerosis. No association with clinical vascular events, including stroke, was detected. Our findings do not support current vascular health guidelines suggesting the extreme limitation or avoidance of egg consumption due to its cholesterol content.     

Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the development of coronary heart disease and stroke subtypes in a general Japanese population: The Hisayama Study

Background and purpose

It has not been fully determined whether non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDLC) levels are involved in vascular events, especially stroke, in general Asian populations. We evaluated the association between non-HDLC levels and the risk of type-specific cardiovascular disease in a prospective cohort study in Japan.

Methods

A total of 2452 community-dwelling Japanese subjects aged ≥40 years were followed prospectively for 24 years.

Results

The age- and sex-adjusted incidence of coronary heart diseases (CHD) significantly increased with elevating non-HDLC levels (P for trend < 0.001), but no such association was observed for ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. With regard to ischemic stroke subtypes, the age- and sex-adjusted incidence of lacunar infarction significantly increased with elevating non-HDLC levels (P for trend < 0.01), and such tendency was seen for atherothrombotic infarction (P for trend = 0.098), while a significant inverse association was observed for cardioembolic infarction (P for trend = 0.007). After adjustment for confounders, namely, age, sex, diabetes, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, electrocardiogram abnormalities, current drinking, current smoking, and regular exercise, the associations remained significant for CHD [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for a 1 standard deviation of non-HDLC concentrations = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02 to 1.35], atherothrombotic infarction (adjusted HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.79), and cardioembolic infarction (adjusted HR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.47 to 0.85).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that elevated non-HDLC levels are a significant risk factor for the development of atherothrombotic infarction as well as CHD but reduce the risk of cardioembolic infarction in the general Japanese population.     

MicroRNA-27a/b regulates cellular cholesterol efflux,influx and esterification/hydrolysis in THP-1 macrophages

Rationale

Macrophage cholesterol homeostasis maintenance is the result of a balance between influx, endogenous synthesis, esterification/hydrolysis and efflux. Excessive accumulation of cholesterol leads to foam cell formation, which is the major pathology of atherosclerosis. Previous studies have shown that miR-27 (miR-27a and miR-27b) may play a key role in the progression of atherosclerosis.

Objective

We set out to investigate the molecular mechanisms of miR-27a/b in intracellular cholesterol homeostasis.

Methods and results

In the present study, our results have shown that the miR-27 family is highly conserved during evolution, present in mammals and directly targets the 3′ UTR of ABCA1, LPL, and ACAT1. apoA1, ABCG1 and SR-B1 lacking miR-27 bind sites should not be influenced by miR-27 directly. miR-27a and miR-27b directly regulated the expression of endogenous ABCA1 in different cells. Treatment with miR-27a and miR-27b mimics reduced apoA1-mediated cholesterol efflux by 33.08% and 44.61% in THP-1 cells, respectively. miR-27a/b also regulated HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux in THP-1 macrophages and affected the expression of apoA1 in HepG2 cells. However, miR-27a/b had no effect on total cellular cholesterol accumulation, but regulated the levels of cellular free cholesterol and cholesterol ester. We further found that miR-27a/b regulated the expression of LPL and CD36, and then affected the ability of THP-1 macrophages to uptake Dil-oxLDL. Finally, we identified that miR-27a/b regulated cholesterol ester formation by targeting ACAT1 in THP-1 macrophages.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that miR-27a/b affects the efflux, influx, esterification and hydrolysis of cellular cholesterol by regulating the expression of ABCA1, apoA1, LPL, CD36 and ACAT1.     

Effect of Nicotinic acid/Laropiprant in the lipoprotein(a) concentration with regard to baseline lipoprotein(a) concentration and LPA genotype

Background

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a lipoprotein in which apolipoproteinB-100 is linked to apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)]. Significant variation in Lp(a) concentration is specific to LPA gene, which codes for apo(a). Nicotinic acid (NA) is used for treatment of dyslipidemias, and the lowering effect of NA on Lp(a) has been previously reported.

Objective

To evaluate the Lp(a) lowering effect of 1 g/20 mg and 2 g/40 mg day of Nicotinic acid/Laropiprant in subjects with different baseline Lp(a) concentrations and depending on the LPA genotype.

Methods

In an open-label, 10-week study, 1 g/20 mg day of NA/Laropiprant for 4 weeks followed by 6 weeks of 2 g/40 mg day conducted at 3 centers in Spain, 82 subjects were enrolled. Patients were studied at baseline and at the end of both treatment periods and were enrolled in three groups: normal Lp(a) (< 50 mg/dL), high Lp(a) (50–120 mg/dL) and very high Lp(a) (> 120 mg/dL). The LPA genetic polymorphism was analyzed by a real-time PCR.

Results

There was a significant difference in LPA genotypes among Lp(a) concentration groups and an inverse and significant correlation between baseline Lp(a) concentration and LPA genotype was found (R = − 0.372, p < 0.001). There were a significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, apo B and Lp(a), and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol after NA/Laropiprant treatment, without changes in BMI. However, there were no statistical differences in percentage variation of analyzed variables depending on LPA genotype.

Conclusion

LPA genotype is a major determinant of Lp(a) baseline concentration. However, the lipid lowering effect of NA is not related to LPA genotype.