体外循环对内毒素影响的实验研究

目的 探讨体外循环前后内毒素水平的变化及内毒素的来源和进入机体的途径。方法 选用家猪7只，全麻下建立体外循环，应用鲎实验法测定体外循环前，体外循环后3h，复跳后10min、60min门静脉及右心房血的内毒素含量。结果 复跳60min内毒素水平明显高于体外循环前（P＜0．05），复跳后60min，门静脉内毒素水平明显高于右心房（P＜0．05）。结论 长时间体外循环（3h）血中内毒素水平明显升高，以内源性内毒素为主，门静脉为内毒素进入机体的主要途径。     

CONTACT DERMATITIS AND IN-FEED EXPOSURE TO ANTIBIOTICS AMONG PIG FEED HANDLERS

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of contact dermatitis among pig feed handlers, explore the association with exposure to in-feed antibiotics, and determine farmers' awareness of product safety information. One representative from each piggery in Queensland's Wide Bay Burnett Region was interviewed by telephone. Just over 21% of respondents had experienced dermatitis symptoms within the previous two years; 14.8% within the previous 12 months; and 6.7% had current symptoms. Use of at least one in-feed antibiotic was reported by 83.7%. The only antibiotic to show an association with the occurrence of dermatitis was tylosin. Precautionary behaviours were more common among those with dermatitis. Only 18% of respondents were aware of material safety data sheets. The relatively high prevalence of contact dermatitis, high use of antibiotics, low level of precautionary behaviours and poor awareness of material safety data sheets indicates a need for farmer education.     

福氏志贺菌感染豚鼠和HeLa细胞的毒力

目的 研究福氏志贺菌感染豚鼠和HeLa细胞后细菌致病能力的差异，探讨痢疾的防治。方法 选用28株福氏志贺菌感染豚鼠眼角膜，观察角膜结膜病变反应，并进行细胞学、细菌学、病理组织切片检查。然后再选出12株福氏志贺菌强毒株和两株弱毒株，通过噬斑形成实验，观察对HeLa细胞的侵袭能力。结果 28株福氏志贺菌均在3d之内引起豚鼠发病，但症状表现有差异，除2株福氏志贺菌感染豚鼠后发病时间延长、症状轻微外。其余菌株则引起较为严重的角膜结膜炎，尤其在感染第3天，出现最为典型的临床表现。噬斑形成试验结果与豚鼠感染试验基本相符。结论 检测福氏志贺菌的毒力可用HeLa细胞噬斑形成试验替代Sereny试验。利用Sereny试验和HeLa细胞噬斑形成试验鉴定出26株福氏志贺菌的强毒株和2株弱毒株，用于毒力基因的进一步分析。     

庆大霉素致豚鼠前庭毛细胞破坏后再生及功能恢复

为探讨哺乳动物前庭毛细胞破坏后能否再生及前庭功能能否恢复，以豚鼠为研究对象。实验组动物每日给予庆大霉素（１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）皮下注射，连续１０天，对照组动物给予等量生理盐水。于停药后的第２、４、１２和２４周分别处死动物，扫描电镜观察发现，停药２周椭圆囊和壶腹嵴毛细胞破坏最明显的区域可见到不成熟的毛细胞纤毛丛，至停药２４周后继续存在。与对照组相比，停药１２周毛细胞密度（毛细胞数／１００μｍ基底膜长度）下降明显（Ｐ＜０．０１），停药后２４周时毛细胞密度较１２周明显上升（Ｐ＜０．０５），但仍未达到正常水平（Ｐ＜０．０５）。另取豚鼠按上述方法进行庆大霉素注射，于注射前和停药后４、１２和２４周进行冰水诱发眼震电图检查，可见停药４～１２周平均慢相眼震速度（Ｖｍｅａｎ）明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），停药２４周后Ｖｍｅａｎ有明显恢复（Ｐ＜０．０５），但仍未达到正常水平（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示：豚鼠周围前庭功能破坏后可以部分恢复，前庭毛细胞破坏后可以修复，其功能的恢复可能源于毛细胞再生。     

细胞内钙介导一氧化氮增强豚鼠胃窦环行肌钙敏感钾电流

[目的 ]阐明细胞内、外钙离子在一氧化氮增强豚鼠胃窦环行肌钙敏感钾电流中的相对重要性 .[方法 ]用胶原酶急性分离豚鼠胃窦环行肌单细胞 ,用膜片嵌技术穿孔模式记录钙敏感钾电流 .[结果 ]硝普钠可增强豚鼠胃窦环行肌细胞钙的敏感钾电流 ,此效应在用无钙生理盐水灌流时仍出现 ,也不受硝吡胺甲酯的影响 .硝普钠可明显地抑制豚鼠胃窦环行肌单细胞的钙电流 .[结论 ]由硝普钠引起的胃窦环行肌钙敏感钾电流增强效应是由细胞内钙离子介导的     

多段温度小型记录器温度监测性能的评价

多段温度小型记录器 ,经山西省连续 2年在不同冷链设备温度监测记录的 314 9个数据分析表明 ,对于疫苗储运的温度监测 ,具有使用方便、性能良好、科学性与可靠性强等特点 ,适用于各种冷链设备各个环节的温度监测 ,并能自动、连续、动态、客观、可靠地监测记录冷链温度变化情况 ,解除了人工检查记录冷链温度的麻烦 ,达到了计算机数据化、现代化管理的目标。     

Pyruvate and lactate metabolism in livers of guinea pigs perfused with chelating agents after repeated treatment with As2O3

The relative effectiveness of British Anti-Lewisite (BAL), dimercaptopropanesulfonic acid (DMPS), dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), and a new metal binding agent 2,3-bis(acetylthio)propanesulfonamide (BAPSA) was compared by determining their effect on pyruvate metabolism in perfused livers of guinea pigs after repeated treatment with AS₂O₃. Guinea pigs received AS₂O₃, 2.5 mg/kg s.c. twice daily on 5 consecutive days (total dose 25 mg/kg). Sixteen hours after the last dose the livers were perfused (2.5 ml/min/g liver) with Krebs-Henseleit buffer and glucose (10 mmol/l) as substrate for 80 min. After 50 min of perfusion 0.1 or 0.7 mmol/l BAL, DMPS, DMSA, or BAPSA were added to the perfusate for 30 min. Samples of the effluent were collected every 10 min; lactate and pyruvate were determined enzymatically. As compared to controls, a significant decrease in the pyruvate and lactate efflux was observed in perfused livers of guinea pigs treated with AS₂O₃. After influx of BAL (0.1 mmol/l), DMSA (0.7 mmol/l), and BAPSA (0.1 and 0.7 mmol/l) respectively, the pyruvate and lactate efflux and the oxygen consumption (exception BAL 0.1 mmol/l) increased and reached control values without arsenic treatment. On the other hand, the pyruvate and lactate efflux and the oxygen consumption was further significantly decreased after influx of 0.7 mmol/l BAL.     

Histological study of spontaneous osteoarthritis in the knee joint of guinea pigs

The process of spontaneous OA in female Hartley strain guinea pigs was examined, in terms of age-related changes, using pathohistological, immunohistological, and histomorphometric techniques. Histological changes in the knee joints began to appear at age 3 months; these consisted of a decrease in chondrocytes in sites in the tangential zone not covered with the meniscus. At these sites, fibrillation occurred at age 5 months, and extended to the radial zone at ages 8–12 months. The incidence of fibrillation was 0% at age 3 months, 50% at age 5 months, and 100% at age 8 months. At ages 1 and 3 months, almost all chondrocytes in the tangential zone were matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1)-positive, and the positive chondrocytes extended to the deeper zones with age, concomitantly with fibrillation of the cartilage matrix. Clusters of chordrocytes at ages 12 and 18 months old were MMP-1-positive. Cartilage thickness began to decline significantly only at age 18 months. Animals that showed fibrillation had a slightly higher bone volume, significantly greater trabecular thickness, and significantly smaller bone surface than the non-fibrillation group. Guinea pigs may be a useful OA animal model for studying the pathogenesis, pathology, and pharmacotherapy of this disease.     

集落刺激因子促进豚鼠体内造血的研究

给11只Harty豚鼠腹腔内注射胎盘条件培养液(HPCM)0.5ml/d,共10天,周围血白细胞总数明显升高,以中性粒细胞升高为主.6只BALB/C小鼠腹腔内注射HPCMOo.3ml/d,共7天,粒-巨噬祖细胞(granulocy-macrophage colng-formung unit,CFU-GM)产率明显升高,是对照组给的2.l倍.结果提示,胎盘条件培养液来源的集落刺激因子,在体内能促进CFU-GM增殖,担升周围血白细胞和中性粒细胞.     

顺铂对豚鼠耳蜗毛细胞损害的形态及机理研究

目的：观察顺铂对豚鼠耳蜗毛细胞的损害，并阐述一氧化氮（nitric oxide,NO）在其耳毒性机制中的作用。方法：将20只豚鼠随机分成两组，试验组腹腔注射顺铂0．5ml，对照组给予同等量的生理盐水，5天后做听性脑干反应（auditory brainstem respones,ABR)测听，此后处死动物，取出耳蜗，应用免疫组化技术、光镜及扫描电镜观察耳蜗毛细胞的损害。结果：试验组动物测试ABR听阈明显提高，光镜下见耳蜗毛细胞明显变性，诱导型一氧化氮合酶阳性染色，电镜下见毛细胞的纤毛散乱、倒伏甚至散失。结论：顺铂对豚鼠耳蜗毛细胞有明显的损害作用，而O在其耳毒性机制中发挥着重要的作用。