硬膜外麻醉辅助用药的疗效观察

目的探讨力月西、芬太尼辅助硬膜外麻醉时消除不良记忆的效果。方法上腹部手术90例随机分为两组,A组为行硬膜处麻醉成功后,缓慢静注度冷丁1mg/kg、非那根0.5mg/kg;B组为行硬膜外麻醉成功后,缓慢静注力月西0.05mg/kg、芬太尼0.0015mg/kg。结果B组镇静程度、完全遗忘率、满意度明显高于A组。结论力月西、芬太尼合用能更好消除硬膜外麻醉的缺点,避免了术中知晓,消除了显性记忆和手术所导致的应激。     

液氮冷冻联合皮损内注射聚肌胞治疗寻常疣的临床观察

寻常疣是皮肤科门诊较常见的临床疾病之一,好发于手足,病程相对较长,影响日常工作及生活.我院自2004年起,采用液氮冷冻联合皮损内注射聚肌胞治疗寻常疣,疗效满意.现报告如下.     

灯杖用于左侧双腔支气管导管定位的初步评价

胸内手术多需单肺通气,双腔支气管导管(DLT)是单肺通气的首选。在没有纤维支气管镜(FOB)时,DLT的准确定位较困难、且费时。作者借助灯杖和胸部X片确定双腔管位置,取得了较好的临床定位效果,现报道如下。资料与方法一般资料研究分为两部分,第一部分选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级使用左侧DLT(L     

左旋布比卡因腰-硬联合阻滞在下肢手术的应用

目的探讨0.75%左旋布比卡因用于蛛网膜下隙阻滞的临床效果及安全性。方法随机选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级的40例骨科下肢手术患者(股骨干及髋关节大手术的患者),随机均分成两组:L组腰麻用药为0.75%左旋布比卡因15mg,容量为2.5ml;B组腰麻用药为0.75%布比卡因,剂量及容量同L组。术中必要时经硬膜外导管注入2%利多卡因。术中监测BP、HR、SpO2、RR的变化并观察围术期不良反应的发生。结果两组最高阻滞平面及到达时间、麻醉持续时间、肌松效果及达到最大肌松效果时间差异均无显著意义。两组均无神经系统的不良反应。结论0.75%左旋布比卡因用于腰-硬联合麻醉骨科下肢手术安全有效,效果与0.75%布比卡因相比差异无显著意义。     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

腹腔镜辅助下的腹主动脉瘤手术与传统手术的对比

腹主动脉瘤传统手术采用开腹人工血管置换，手术创伤大，术后患者恢复慢。随着腹腔镜在腹部外科应用的进展，传统腹主动脉瘤手术已经可以被腹腔镜辅助下完成人工血管置换所替代。此外，腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术部分并发症也能用腹腔镜辅助方式得到解决，现就该技术的操作、效果以及与传统手术的比较作一综述。     

脑室置管和腰椎穿刺行脑脊液置换治疗严重蛛网膜下腔出血44例报告

自1997年1月至2004年8月,我们应用侧脑室外引流和腰椎穿刺放液、脑脊液置换治疗严重自发性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)44例,效果良好。现报道如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料本组男24例,女20例;年龄18岁~74岁,平均58岁,其中60岁以上20例,占45.4%。全部病人均行多次脑CT检查,均有广泛蛛网膜     

颈部硬膜外药物冲击分离法加斜角肌间沟阻滞治疗幻肢痛1例报告

幻肢痛是截肢后病人感到已失去的肢体依然存在,且某一部分仍有疼痛。幻肢痛的发病率为50～90%、有2%的病人幻肢发生剧烈的疼痛,性质呈闪电样,烧灼样。常在情绪激动或精神异常时发生。目前对幻肢痛的发生机制有多种学说,治疗方法较多,但效果各异。国内杂志报道也较少,现将我们治疗的1例患者报告如下:1病历资料患者,男,53岁,1991年因车祸致左臂丛神经损伤,在上海长征医院行右腓神经移植左臂丛神经修复术,术后出现左上肢疼痛,并向前臂手指放射,伴有上肢功能障碍及前臂轻度肌肉萎缩。由于剧烈疼痛严重影响患者生活、工作,于2001年行左上肢截肢术…     

不同入路腰部硬膜外穿刺对术后腰痛发生的影响

腰痛是腰部硬膜外麻醉的常见并发症，一般认为是由于穿刺损伤所致。硬膜外穿刺有正中入路和旁入路两种方法，旁入路硬膜外穿刺可以避免棘上韧带和棘间韧带的损伤，与正中入路法比较是否可以降低腰部硬膜外麻醉后腰痛的发生有待进一步研究。本研究拟评价不同入路腰部硬膜外穿刺对术后腰痛发生的影响。     

硬膜外麻醉后寒战原因及防治文献复习

麻醉后寒战是指麻醉后病人出现不随意的肌肉收缩，外周血管收缩及中心体温下降，使机体耗氧量增加，呼吸及循环系统负担增大。麻醉后寒战是一种常见的并发症，其发生率为5％～65％，尤其是硬膜外麻醉后发生率较高。所以麻醉后寒战的防治越来越引起临床麻醉工作者的高度重视。现将本文搜集近年来医学期刊所报道的硬膜外麻醉后寒战原因及防治文献复习报告如下。