低蛋白饮食对环孢素A肾病大鼠肾间质纤维化的作用

Objective To investigate whether low-protein diet has protective effect on the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced nephropathy. Methods Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (6 rats in each group). The rats in control group (C group) received common diet; in model group (M group) low-salt diet; in intervention group (Ⅰ group) low-salt and low-protein diet. After diet adaptation period of one week, the rats in C group received subcutaneous injection of olive oil 1 mg/kg daily for 5 weeks, while M group and Ⅰ group subcutaneous injection of CsA (diluted into 25 g/L with olive oil) 1 ml/kg for 5 weeks. All the rats were sacrificed at the end of the 5th week. The food-intake and body weight were measured daily. The creatinine clearance (Ccr) was examined before rats were sacrificed. The semi-quantitative pathological analysis on kidney sections was performed. The mRNA and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-βI) and type Ⅰ collagen (Col Ⅰ) in kidney tissue was determined with real time PCR and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Results The food-intake and body weight of rats in M and I groups were significantly lower than those in C group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the Ccr levels in M and Ⅰ groups were significantly reduced [(0.65±0.15) ml/min, (0.40+0.13) ml/min vs (1.55±0.29) ml/min, P<0.05], the relative fibrosis areas of kidney interstitium in M and I groups were significantly increased (3.60%±0.46%, 3.26%±0.75% vs 0.44%±0.24%, P<0.05), the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 in M and I group was significantly up-regulated (by 2.6 and 3.1 times in mRNA and by 1.5 and 1.6 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression of Col Ⅰ in M and I groups was also significantly up-regulated (by 3.0 and 3.5 times in mRNA and by 2.3 and 2.1 times in protein, respectively, P<0.05). There were no significant differences between M and I groups in every parameters above-mentioned except the rat body weight and Ccr. Both the body weight and Ccr in Ⅰ group were significantly lower than those in M group (P<0.05). Compared with C group, the urine osmotic pressure in M group and in I group were deceased (for M group, P>0.05; for I group, P<0.05). Compared with C group, the serum cholesterol levels in M and I groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum phosphorus level in I group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of serum albumin and serum calcium of all three groups had no statistical differences (P>0.05). Conclusion Low-protein diet has no renoprutective effects on the rat model of cyclosporin A nephropathy, on the contrary, may induce body weight loss.     

雷帕霉素对炎性反应状态下肾小球系膜细胞内脂质稳态的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of rapamycin on cholesterol homeostasis of glomerular mesangial cells and the underlying mechanism. Methods Glomerular mesangial cell line (HMCL) cells were cultured and divided into control group, IL-1β group and different concentration rapamycin groups. Intracellular cholesterol accumulation was observed and measured by oil O staining and HPLC. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of LDLR, PPARγ, LXRα, ABCA1 in HMCL after the treatment with IL-1β and rapamycin. Results Rapamycin had no significant influence on intracellular cholesterol concentration under normal condition. IL-1β significantly increased the intracellular cholesterol concentration by 143％ of control (P<0.05), and 10, 50, 100 ?滋g/L rapamycin could significantly inhibit the effect of IL-1β (87％, 116％, 96％ of control respectively, all P<0.05). Rapamycin could suppress the increased expression of LDLR caused by IL-1β on both mRNA and protein level in a dose-dependent manner（P<0.01）. Rapamycin dose-dependently up-regulated the reduced mRNA and protein expression of ABCA1, the decreased mRNA expression of PPARγ and LXRα induced by IL-1β as well (P<0.01）. Conclusion Rapamycin may contribute to the maintenance of intracellular cholesterol homeostasis in glomerular mesangial cells under inflammatory state by both reducing cholesterol uptake and promoting cholesterol efflux.     

IgA肾病患者IgA1对足细胞nephrin mRNA表达的影响

近年研究发现IgA肾病患者的血清IgA1与正常人相比具有明显的异质性,其中起致病作用的主要是聚合型IgA1（polymeric IgA1,pIgA1）。新近研究也发现IgA肾病（IgAN）不仅是系膜细胞受累的疾病,而且在疾病的发生发展过程中也存在着足细胞的破坏。目前关于患者血清IgA1分子异常和足细胞损伤之间有何关系尚不清楚,我们亦未检索到相关报道。本研究拟观察IgAN患者血清IgA1对足细胞分子nephrin表达的影响。     

罗格列酮对糖尿病大鼠肾脏保护作用机制的探讨

目的 探讨罗格列酮对糖尿病大鼠肾脏的保护作用机制。方法 将大鼠分为正常组、糖尿病组、小剂量罗格列酮组、大剂量罗格列酮组。药物干预4周后，检测各组大鼠的血糖（BS）、三酰甘油（TG）、胆固醇（TC）、肌酐（Scr）水平及尿白蛋白定量（24h）。随后处死大鼠，测定肾组织中丙二醛（MDA）含量、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）及铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（Cu-ZnSOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶（GSH-Px）、核转录因子-κB（NF-κB）的活性。同时留取。肾脏组织作PAS染色行病理检查。RT-PCR和免疫组化法检测。肾组织中单核细胞化学吸引蛋白质1（MCP-1）mRNA及蛋白质的表达。结果 与糖尿病组相比，大剂量罗格列酮干预组BS、TC、TG差异无统计学意义；而。肾组织MDA含量、MCP-1mRNA及蛋白质表达、NF-κB活性差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），SOD、GSH-Px、T-AOC活性显著上升；肾小球面积及体积减小。结论大剂量的罗格列酮可显著改善糖尿病大鼠的。肾脏损害，其机制可能与其抗氧化，抑制NF-κB活性，降低MCP-1的含量有关。     

高糖对大鼠系膜细胞肝细胞生长因子受体表达的影响及其机制研究

目的 观察高糖作用下大鼠系膜细胞(MsC)肝细胞生长因子（HGF）受体c-Met的表达，并探讨其机制和意义。 方法 用RT-PCR和Western 印迹方法检测高糖作用大鼠MsC的不同时间点（0、12、24、48、96 h）c-Met的表达。分别用光辉霉素A（mithramycin A）和SU11274抑制转录因子Sp1的DNA结合活性和阻断c-Met。用电泳迁移率改变实验(EMSA)观察Sp1与c-Met基因启动子的结合活性。以荧光探剂二氯双氢荧光素二乙酸酯(DCFH-DA)捕获细胞内活性氧。 结果 大鼠MsC的c-Met表达在高糖作用12、24和48 h都明显上升，96 h开始下降。光辉霉素A呈浓度依赖性抑制高糖作用下大鼠MsC的c-Met表达上调。大鼠MsC内Sp1与c-Met基因启动子的结合活性在高糖作用下明显增强。HGF及c-Met显著抑制高糖诱导的大鼠MsC内活性氧的增多。 结论 高糖作用下大鼠MsC的c-Met表达增强，其机制可能是通过Sp1介导。HGF-c-Met信号通路激活能抑制高糖所致大鼠MsC内的氧化应激反应。     

雌激素受体α和β在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及其意义

雌激素受体（ER）是一类由配体激活的转录因子，雌激素的生理作用由ERα和ERβ两种亚型介导；两者在结构上有高度的同源性，但在编码基因、组织分布和表达明显不同，尤其是与配体结合后产生的生理学效应也不同。我们采用免疫组织化学染色方法观察ERα、ERβ表达，探讨其与膀胱癌生物学行为和预后的关系。[第一段]     

雷公藤多甙对白细胞介素-1β诱导大鼠滑膜细胞株RSC-364基质金属蛋白酶-3、c-Jun基因表达的影响

目的 观察雷公藤多甙对白细胞介素(IL)-1β诱导大鼠滑膜细胞株RSC-364基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP3)、c-Jun mRNA表达的影响.方法 选择不同浓度的雷公藤多甙作用IL-1β刺激的大鼠滑膜细胞株RSC-364,37℃,5%CO2的环境下培养48 h,运用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测细胞上清的MMP3和实时聚合酶链反应(real-time PCR)检测分析细胞中的c-Jun mRNA表达.结果 不同浓度的雷公藤多甙(0、5、10、20 mg/L)对IL-1β刺激的大鼠滑膜细胞株RSC-364分泌MMP3的水平依次是198、176、140、115 μg/L,c-Jun mRNA表达分别是1.17×106、3.31×105、9.32 ×104、2.81 ×104copies/ml,即呈现明显地抑制.重要的是:c-Jun mRNA表达抑制呈现明显的剂量依赖性.结论 雷公藤多甙治疗类风湿性关节炎的有效的作用机制,可能与其抑制MMP3、c-Jun基因的表达相关.     

草酸钙尿石患者VKDC结构域基因突变的研究

泌尿系结石以草酸钙结石最为常见。现已发现尿液中存在一些大分子蛋白质与尿石形成相关，越来越多的研究证实尿凝血酶原片段1（UPTF1）是正常人尿草酸钙结晶的主要抑制因子之一。     

补肾排毒合剂对单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾间质MMP-9与TIMP-1基因表达的影响

目的：研究单侧输尿管梗阻（unilateral ureteral obstruction，UUO）后大鼠肾间质MMP-9、TIMP-1基因的表达变化，探讨补肾排毒合剂对肾间质纤维化的保护作用。方法：采用UUO诱导肾间质纤维化的动物模型，将大鼠随机分为假手术组（Sham组）、模型组（UUO组）和补肾排毒合剂治疗组（REM组），用RT—PCR技术检测肾组织在术后3、10、20、30d MMP-9、TIMP-1的基因表达。结果：UUO组TIMP-1 mRNA的表达明显高于Sham组（P〈0．01），REM组TIMP-1 mRNA表达均明显低于UUO组（P〈0、01）。MMP-9 mRNA在UUO术后明显升高，第10天达到高峰，继之下降。REM组10d后下降幅度较小，在20、30d时间点高于UUO组（P〈0，01）。结论：补肾排毒合剂影响MMP-9／TIMP-1的基因表达，从而促进了ECM的降解过程，延缓肾间质纤维化的进展。     

多发伤患者10项炎症指标的动态变化及其在预后评估中的价值

正确判断多发伤患者的创伤严重程度和预后，是目前危重病医学领域创伤诊治方面所面临的一个重要课题．亦是进一步降低多发伤患者死亡率的关键。本研究试图通过观察炎症指标前白蛋白（prealbumin，PA）、铜蓝蛋白（cemloplasmin，CER）、C-反应蛋白（C—reactive protein，CRP）、触珠蛋白（haptoglobin，Hp）、转铁蛋白（transferrin，TRF）、肿瘤坏死因子α（tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α）、白介素-1（interleukin-1，IL-1）、白介素10（interleukin-10，IL-10）、胰岛素（Insulin，INS）和纤维蛋白原（Fibrinogen，Fbg）等10项指标在多发伤患者中的动态变化．以探讨其在多发伤发生、发展及预后中的作用。