Subclinical cardiovascular disease and Systemic Sclerosis: A comparison between risk charts,quantification of coronary calcium and carotid ultrasonography

Background and objectives

Recently published population-based cohort studies have shown a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) patients. The aim of this study is to compare three different methods to measure cardiovascular risk in patients with scleroderma.

初诊2型糖尿病患者微量白蛋白尿与早期动脉硬化的相关性研究

目的观察初诊2型糖尿病患者尿白蛋白排泄率（uAER）与早期血管动脉硬化的关系。方法对86例初诊2型糖尿病患者，留尿测定尿UAER，并根据UAER分为两组，同时用高分辨率超声检测颈动脉内膜厚度（IMT），进行组间比较，对两者关系进行统计分析。结果初诊2型糖尿病患者颈动脉IMT与尿UAER、高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）显著相关。结论尿UAER增高是初诊2型糖尿病患者早期大血管病变的独立危险因素。     

氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀钙对高血压颈动脉内膜中层厚度的影响

目的研究苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平联合应用阿托伐他汀钙对高血压患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)的影响。方法将原发性高血压患者168例,随机分为实验组(84例)和对照组(84例),对照组使用苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平2.5mg,1次/d,2周后,血压未降至140/90mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)以下者,增加剂量至5mg(2.5mg/次,2次/d),实验组在对照组基础上,加用阿托伐他汀钙10mg,1次/晚,治疗12个月,比较两组IMT、血压、空服血糖及血脂水平。结果实验组治疗12个月后,颈动脉IMT、收缩压、舒张压、TG、TC、LDL-C均显著降低,治疗后的IMT(0.76±0.07)mm,与治疗前(0.95±0.07)mm及对照组治疗前后的(0.97±0.05)mm、(0.84±0.06)mm比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组间血糖、心率比较差异无统计学意义。结论高血压患者苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平联合阿托伐他汀钙治疗能更好的延缓颈动脉IMT进展。     

Carotid Atherosclerosis Is Associated With Poorer Hearing in Older Adults

ObjectivesCardiovascular disease may be linked to hearing loss through narrowing of the nutrient arteries of the cochlea, but large-scale population-based evidence for this association remains scarce. We investigated the association of carotid atherosclerosis as a marker of generalized cardiovascular disease with hearing loss in a population-based cohort.DesignCross-sectional.SettingA population-based cohort study.Participants3724 participants [mean age: 65.5 years, standard deviation (SD): 7.5, 55.4% female].MethodsUltrasound and pure-tone audiograms to assess carotid atherosclerosis and hearing loss.ResultsWe investigated associations of carotid plaque burden and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) (overall and side-specific carotid atherosclerosis) with hearing loss (in the best hearing ear and side-specific hearing loss) using multivariable linear and ordinal regression models. We found that higher maximum IMT was related to poorer hearing in the best hearing ear [difference in decibel hearing level per 1-mm increase in IMT: 2.09 dB, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08, 4.10]. Additionally, third and fourth quartile plaque burden as compared to first quartile was related to poorer hearing in the best hearing ear (difference: 1.06 dB, 95% CI: 0.04, 2.08; and difference: 1.55 dB, 95% CI: 0.49, 2.60, respectively). Larger IMT (difference: 2.97 dB, 95% CI: 0.79, 5.14), third quartile plaque burden compared to first quartile (difference: 1.24 dB, 95% CI: 0.14, 2.35), and fourth plaque quartile compared to first quartile (difference: 2.12 dB, 95% CI: 0.98, 3.26) in the right carotid were associated with poorer hearing in the right ear.Conclusions and ImplicationsCarotid atherosclerosis is associated with poorer hearing in older adults, almost exclusively with poorer hearing in the right ear. Based on our results, it seems that current therapies for the prevention of cardiovascular disease may also prove beneficial for hearing loss in older adults by promoting and maintaining inner ear health.     

Relationship of serum uric acid to measures of endothelial function and atherosclerosis in healthy adults

Although uric acid (UA) is considered as an antioxidant, the relationship between serum UA levels and cardiovascular diseases is not clear yet. Higher brachial artery resting diameter (BD), impaired brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), decreased aortic distensibility (AoD), and increased aortic stiffness index (AoSI) and elastic modulus (AoEM) are predictors for development and/or progression of atherosclerosis. In this study, BD, FMD, carotid IMT, AoD, AoSI and AoEM were studied in healthy subjects with UA concentrations in physiological range. One hundred 24 healthy volunteers between 26 and 55 years of age were included in this study. Each subject had a serum UA levels in normal range. Carotid IMT, BD and brachial FMD were measured by means of high-resolution vascular ultrasound. AoD, AoSI, AoEM were examined by transthoracic echocardiography. Endothelium-dependent dilatation (EDD) was assessed by establishing reactive hyperemia and endothelium-independent dilatation (EID) was determined by using sublingual isosorbide dinitrate. Although carotid IMT and EDD were significantly correlated with UA concentrations (r = 0.346, p < 0.0001; r = -0.255, p < 0.05, respectively), EID measurements were not significantly correlated with serum UA concentrations (r = - 0.105, p > 0.05). In addition, AoSI and AoEM were significantly correlated with serum UA levels (r = 0.368, p < 0.0001; r = -0.366, p < 0.0001, respectively), and there was a significant inverse correlation between AoD and serum UA concentrations (r = -0.366, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, in multivariate analysis, we found that serum UA concentrations were correlated with increased carotid IMT, reduced FMD and increased aortic stiffness independent of other cardiovascular risk factor (beta = 256, p = 0.002; beta = -193, p = 0.03; beta = 0.295, p < 0.0001, respectively). In healthy subjects, increased serum UA concentrations, even in physiological range, are a risk factor for increased carotid IMT, reduced FMD and increased aortic stiffness independent of other cardiovascular risk factor, and other factors related to the metabolic syndrome.     

原发性高血压患者血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶水平与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的相关性研究

目的研究原发性高血压患者血清γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)水平与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的相关性。方法从赣州市人民医院选取资料完整的原发性高血压患者300例和健康对照者70例,根据颈动脉内膜中层厚度分为健康对照组(70例)、动脉粥样硬化组(141例)和非动脉粥样硬化组(159例),抽取空腹血液检测血液生化、肝肾功能、血脂、空腹血糖等指标,采用单因素方差分析或χ2检验进行多组间比较,Spearman进行相关性分析,多重线性回归分析和Logistic回归分析对颈动脉内膜中层厚度相关因素进行分析。结果 3组受试者舒张压、体质量指数、空腹血糖、肾小球滤过率和糖化血红蛋白水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),而收缩压、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和γ-GT比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Spearman相关分析表明血清γ-GT(r=-0.598,P=0.001)与颈动脉内膜中层厚度呈显著负相关,多因素线性回归分析仍显示血清γ-GT(β=-0.345,95%CI为-0.005~-0.511,P=0.036)与颈动脉内膜中层厚度呈负相关,Logistic回归分析血清γ-GT(OR=0.569,95%CI为0.237~0.867,P=0.029)是颈动脉内膜增厚的保护因素。结论原发性高血压患者血清γ-GT水平与颈动脉内膜中层厚度呈负相关,监测血清肝酶变化可能对早期发现动脉粥样硬化有一定意义。     

代谢综合征患者颈动脉内膜-中层厚度变化及与动脉粥样硬化程度的关系

目的探讨代谢综合征(MS)患者颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(CAMT)的改变,及其与各种危险因素的关系。方法51例代谢综合征患者,按其血糖水平分为糖耐量减低(MS-IGT)组27例和2型糖尿病(MS-DM)组24例;另选25例健康者为对照组。均行超声检查,测定CAMT,并做血脂、血糖等检查。结果代谢综合征组CAMT高于对照组(P<0.01)。CAMT与年龄、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、体重指数(BMI)、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、2h胰岛素(2hINS)、血总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白-B(Apo-B)呈正相关(P<0.01)。多元逐步回归分析,年龄、SBP、DBP、BMI、FPG、2hPG、2hINS、TC、LDL-C与CAMT关系较为密切。结论代谢综合征患者可加速动脉粥样硬化的进展。CAMT能在早期反映高血压、高血糖和高血脂对动脉粥样硬化的促进作用。     

CD105抗体支架内再狭窄及血栓形成的实验研究

目的 探讨CD105抗体支架预防再狭窄及血栓形成的作用.方法 将CD105抗体支架(CD105支架组)、Cypher支架(Cypher支架组)及316L不锈钢金属裸支架(裸支架组)各30枚分别置入30只小型猪的冠状动脉内.术后7和14 d,通过冠状动脉造影对冠状动脉进行量化分析,以扫描电镜观察血管内皮的变化,并在光镜下观察血管形态学的改变.结果 术后7 d,CD105支架组、裸支架组支架内皮化积分均高于Cypher支架组(1.71 4±0.49、1.50 4±0.67比1.08±0.29,P均<0.05);CD105支架组[(23.8±3)%、(0.14±0.10)mm]、Cypher支架组[(21.7±2)%、(0.11±0.08)mm]管腔狭窄率和晚期管腔丢失与裸支架组[(24±3)%、(0.12±0.09)mm]差异无统计学意义.术后14 d,CD105支架组、Cypher支架组晚期管腔丢失小于裸支架组[(0.29±0.28)mm、(0.28±0.02)mln比(0.41±0.01)mm,P均<0.05];支架内皮化积分CD105支架组、裸支架组均高于Cypher支架组(1.78±0.49、1.50±0.67比1.08±0.29,P均<0.05),CD105支架组高于裸支架组(P<0.05);CD105支架组、Cypher支架组管腔狭窄率均小于裸支架组[(23.8±4)%、(24.2±2)%比(38.0±3)%,P均<0.05],CD105支架组与Cypher支架组差异无统计学意义.新生内膜面积CD105支架组、Cypher支架组小于裸支架组[(0.88±0.08)mm2、(0.89±0.12)mm2比(1.00±0.14)mm2,P均<0.05],CD105支架组与Cypher支架组差异无统计学意义.术后7和14 d,各组间损伤积分及炎症积分差异无统计学意义,且均无支架内血栓形成.术后7和14 d,扫描电镜显示CD105支架组血管内皮覆盖程度均明显高于Cypher支架组和裸支架组.结论 CD105抗体支架能有效预防支架内再狭窄及血栓形成.     

丹红注射液促进鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管生成的实验研究

目的探讨丹红注射液对鸡绒毛尿囊膜(CAM)血管生成的影响。方法种蛋在(37.5±0.5)℃条件下孵育,第7天开窗暴露CAM建立模型。将60枚存活鸡胚随机分为生理盐水组(N组)、正常血清组(C组)、丹红注射液治疗组(T组)、血管内膜损伤组(I组)、血管内膜损伤后丹红注射液治疗组(IT组)以及血管内皮生成因子(VEGF,20μg/mL)组(V组),每组10枚鸡胚。新西兰大白兔腹主动脉用球囊导管损伤建立血管内膜损伤模型,丹红注射液治疗组及血管内膜损伤后丹红注射液治疗组于大白兔耳缘静脉注射丹红注射液2mL/kg,各组连续7d后取血清。第8天,在鸡胚CAM上放一直径为5mm的滤膜作为载体,分别加样5μL,每日1次,连续3d,第11天取CAM,数码相机拍照后平铺于载玻片上,计数载体周围血管数目及滤膜周围0.5cm范围内的血管分支点数并进行比较。结果比较CAM周围血管数目,T组(31.80±3.08)条与C组(28.40±3.75)条比较,血管以载体为中心呈辐辏状生长,血管总数明显增多,具有统计学意义;I组(47.30±3.27)条与C组相比较,载体周围血管数量明显增多,具有统计学意义;与IT组(47.60±3.89)条相比较,血管总数无统计学意义。结论含丹红注射液的兔血清能够明显促进CAM上血管生成,血管内膜损伤后的血清和内膜损伤丹红治疗组也分别强于血管内膜未损伤时。