Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging assessment of vascularized free fibular grafts

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may be a noninvasive method for assessing perfusion of vascularized bone grafts placed for treatment of avascular necrosis. One proximal femur of seven beagles was devascularized, with insertion of a vascularized fibular graft. MR imaging at 1 week (seven dogs) and 6 weeks (five dogs) after surgery included pre- and postcontrast spin-echo sequences, unenhanced twodimensional time-of-flight (TOF) vascular imaging, and dynamic gradient-echo imaging during infusion of gadolinium. Relative signal intensity values of selected regions obtained from the dynamic gradientecho images were plotted as percent enhancement versus time. In the operated hip, MR imaging did not show enhancement in six of seven femoral heads and greater trochanters at 1 week after surgery, with similar results after 6 weeks. MR imaging of fibular grafts 6 weeks after surgery showed an initial rapid increase in enhancement and a subsequent slower increase in five of five dogs, although no enhancement was seen in six of seven dogs at 1 week. These findings contrasted with a rapid initial increase in enhancement followed by slow decline in non-operated hips. Two-dimensional TOP imaging did not show the vascular pedicle of the graft in any dog. Findings of radionuclide bone scanning performed 1 week after surgery were consistent with devascularization of the operated femur and fibular graft. However, tetracycline distribution and histologic findings confirmed the viability of five of five grafts within the devascularized femurs 6 weeks after surgery. Thus, dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging at 6 weeks after surgery is valuable for assessing vascular bone graft perfusion, while similar imaging at 1 week may suggest otherwise.     

Elevated serum levels of the apoptosis related molecules TNF-α, Fas/Apo-1 and Bcl-2 in oral lichen planus

BACKGROUND: The serum circulatory levels of apoptosis related molecules measured in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and healthy individuals in order to investigate possible alterations associated with the clinical forms of OLP. METHODS: Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, soluble Fas (sFas) and Bcl-2 studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in whole blood samples in 13 OLP reticular, 13 OLP atrophic-erosive form patients and 26 healthy subjects. RESULTS: Significantly elevated levels of TNF-alpha and sFas detected in OLP patients as compared with controls. Serum concentrations of Bcl-2 although increased in 17/26 patients, they were not statistically significant. Reticular OLP exhibited slightly elevated TNF-alpha and significantly elevated Bcl-2 serum levels, compared with erosive OLP. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that a putative dysfunction in the Fas/FasL mediated apoptosis might be involved in the OLP pathogenesis. A downregulation of Bcl-2 serum levels in the atrophic-erosive OLP may be associated with promotion of the disease activity.     

Enhancing and suppressive effects of tumour necrosis factor/cachectin on growth of Trypanosoma musculi

The effect of human recombinant TNF on the growth of T. musculi has been investigated. When added to parasites cultured in vitro, TNF inhibited their growth. In the presence of thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal exudate cells, the opposite effect was seen and TNF enhanced the growth of trypanosomes in vitro. Similarly, administration of TNF in vivo during the course of infection led to a net increase in the parasite population. It is suggested that TNF exerts a direct antitrypanosomal effect while simultaneously promoting the growth of the parasite through an indirect effect mediated via the host's cells, possibly the macrophages.     

脑囊虫病患者脑脊液中一氧化氮及肿瘤坏死因子α水平研究

目的　探讨脑囊虫病患者各期脑脊液中的一氧化氮 (NO)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF α)的变化规律及它们在脑囊虫病中的作用机制。方法　检测 4 9例明确诊断并依据MR分期 ,单发脑实质内囊虫的脑囊虫病患者和 2 0名对照者脑脊液中NO、TNF α水平。结果　NO在脑囊虫病的Ⅰ期显著降低而TNF α水平呈显著升高 ,NO、TNF α于Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期 (整个退变死亡期 )均表现为高水平 ,Ⅳ期恢复正常 ,NO和TNF α存在高度正相关关系。结论　在单发脑实质内囊虫病中NO、TNF α可能参与杀虫作用 ,其免疫调节与杀虫机制存在着动态平衡 ,参与感染控制     

激素性股骨头缺血坏死MRI诊断的实验研究

目的：建立股骨头缺血坏死(ANFH)动物模型，将磁共振成像(MRI)表现与组织病理学结果对照，探讨早期ANFH的病理变化和删表现的病理学基础。方法：成年新西兰兔36只，随机均分成三组。A组：为正常对照组，静脉注射生理盐水。B、C组为实验组，B组：单纯静脉注射地塞米松10mg／kg／d连续7天，间隔两周再重复一次。C组；马血清与激素共用，先静脉注射马血清10g／kg，间隔2周再重复一次；继之重复B组给药。之后4、8、16、26周后分别从3组随机各取3只，先拍X线平片再进行删，然后取双侧股骨头做组织病理检查。结果：实验组兔股骨头第8周T1WI信号强度明显降低，T2WI呈不均匀高信号，对应病理改变为骨髓水肿，骨髓腔内少量出血和少量骨细胞坏死。16、26周T1WI信号强度增高，病理显示骨髓脂肪细胞肥大并融合成大泡状，大量骨细胞坏死，骨小梁变细、中断。16、26周兔股骨头X线平片示骨质稀疏，骨小梁模糊。C组上述变化较B组显著。结论：1．采用马血清和肾上腺皮质激素共用，比单纯用肾上腺皮质激素更易诱导出较典型的ANFH动物模型。2．删能够较全面反映早期激素性ANFH的病理变化。     

胆囊结石及癌变过程中肿瘤坏死因子可溶性受体的变化

目的　探讨可容性肿瘤坏死因子受体 (sTNFR)在胆囊结石及癌变过程中的变化。方法　用双抗体夹心酶联免疫法对 5 3例胆囊结石 ,9例胆囊癌及 11例正常对照者血清及胆法中的sTNFR水平进行检测。结果　血清及胆汁中sTNFR水平胆囊癌组为 (2 .63± 0 .5 6) μg/L、(10 .0 2± 3 .2 3 ) μg/L较胆石症组 (1.2 5± 0 .3 6) μg/L、(2 .81± 0 .93 ) μg/L及对照组 (0 .95± 0 .19)μg/L、(1.83± 0 .5 4) μg/L均显著升高 (P <0 .0 1)。胆囊黏膜从典型增生、非典型增生到胆囊癌的发展过程中sTNFR在血清 (1.11± 0 .2 8、1.5 3± 0 .3 2、2 .63± 0 .5 6)及胆汁中 (2 .5 0± 0 .81、3 .42±0 .87、10 .0 2± 3 .2 3 )逐级增高 (各组间P <0 .0 5 )。胆汁中sTNFR水平在胆囊癌Ⅰ～Ⅲ期 (8.3 6±2 .60 )与Ⅳ～Ⅴ期 (13 .3 3± 4.46)间差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,肿瘤直径≥ 2cm组 (12 .10± 2 .3 2 )与 <2cm组 (7.42± 2 .10 )间差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。胆汁中TNFR水平明显高于其对应的血清水平 ,两者之间呈正直线相关 (r =0 .875 ,P <0 .0 0 1)。胆囊癌术后血清sTNFR水平显著下降。结论　sTNFR参与胆囊结石致癌的过程 ,与胆囊癌的临床生物学特点密切相关。     

青壮年新鲜股骨颈骨折的诊断和治疗

目的：探讨新鲜青壮年股骨颈骨折的诊断和治疗方法。方法：本组78例，平均34.4岁(20～48岁)。其中头下型24例，经颈型34例，基底型20例，均用3根折断加压螺纹钉固定。同时分别联合应用股方肌、缝匠肌肌骨瓣或带旋髂深血管的髂骨瓣。术后制动12周。平均随访3年4个月。结果：6例复位不良，其中5例出现骨折不愈合，共14例发生股骨头坏死。结论：新鲜股骨颈骨折的治疗原则应力求早期解剖复位，牢固固定。带肌蒂或血管蒂的髂骨瓣植入可以改善局部的血运，良好的骨折复位、早活动晚负重．有利于降低青壮年股骨颈骨折不愈合和股骨头缺血性坏死的发生率。骨折的严重程度直接影响预后．     

参附注射液对肠缺血-再灌注大鼠肿瘤坏死因子α的影响

目的观察肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)在大鼠肠缺血-再灌注损伤过程中的作用及参附注射液对TNF-α的影响,探讨参附注射液防治肠缺血-再灌注损伤机制。方法 SD大鼠随机分为肠缺血-再灌注组(IR组)、参附注射液预处理组(SF组)和假手术组(C组)。采用阻断肠系膜上动脉(SMA)的方法制造肠缺血-再灌注模型。分别测定各组动物血浆、肠组织TNF-α含量及血液动力学变化;光镜观察肠粘膜损伤情况。结果IR组再灌注后MAP下降,与C组和SF组比有显著性差异(P<0.01);SF组肠粘膜损伤程度减轻,与IR组比有显著性差异(P<0.01);SF组血浆及肠组织TNF-α水平降低,与IR组比有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论参附注射液可明显防治大鼠肠缺血-再灌注导致的肠粘膜损伤,这种作用可能是通过抑制TNF-α的释放实现的。     

闭合复位空心钉治疗中老年股骨颈骨折后股骨头坏死的多元相关研究

目的探讨影响闭合复位空心钉治疗中老年股骨颈骨折后股骨头坏死的相关因素及其多元关系。方法对1999年5月～2004年5月间收治的300例中老年股骨颈骨折患者进行回顾性分析,所有患者均行闭合复位空心钉固定。对随访资料完整的99例患者资料运用SPSS10．0软件进行统计学分析,即对其年龄、性别、骨折类型、复位时间、复位质量、完全负重时间、内固定是否取出及术前是否行牵引等因素进行多因素分析。结果99例患者获平均24．5个月(8～60个月)随访。15例出现股骨头坏死,坏死率为15．2%,发生坏死的时间为术后8～50个月。由复位质量、术前牵引、年龄及年龄×取出内固定构成的多因素组对股骨颈骨折后股骨头坏死的影响最显著。结论闭合复位质量对股骨颈骨折预后的影响程度极大；不良位置的术前牵引可能加重股骨头坏死；年龄在多因素共同影响中的相对危险度不大；Garden分型是判断股骨颈骨折后股骨头坏死的一项重要指标,与骨折复位质量具有相关性,但其并非是多因素共同影响下造成股骨头坏死的危险因素。     

Inflammatory biomarkers in blood of patients with acute brain ischemia

Although many failed surrogate markers are provided in the literature, inflammation may contribute to the outcome of ischemic stroke. In 50 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke, in the absence of symptoms and signs of concomitant infection, we evaluated a panel of biomarkers reported to be variably associated with brain ischemia, and correlate their serum level with the brain lesion volume and clinical outcome. Infarct size was calculated on computed tomography (CT) scans by means of the Cavalieri's method. Neurological impairment was scored by using the Glasgow Coma Scale, Glasgow Outcome Scale and National Institutes of Health (NIH) scales at stroke onset and 3-month follow-up. Some markers showed a direct significant correlation with both initial and final NIH scale and with infarct size, particularly tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) (P=0.002), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (P<0.01) and matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 (P=0.001). In contrast to previous reports, interleukin-6 (IL-6) serum level showed a significant inverse correlation with both final neurological impairment and infarct size (P<0.001). This novel finding allows us suggesting that IL-6, in the context of a complex pro-inflammatory network occurring during stroke, is associated with neuroprotection rather than neurotoxicity in patients with ischemic brain injury.