Fixator-assisted nailing of tibial fractures: New surgical technique and presentation of first 30 cases

Background

Intramedullary nailing is considered a “gold standard” for treatment of tibial shaft fractures. However, some types of fractures are typically considered as “difficult for nailing”. This group includes the periarticular fractures, fractures of both bones at the same level, comminuted and segmental fractures of the tibia. Fixator-assisted nailing (FAN) is an effective method treatment of these types of fractures. The main requirements for the ideal reduction device are an ease of its installation and an ability of multiplanar fracture reduction. Fixator-assisted nailing (FAN) with the use of two perpendicular to each other monolateral tubular frames perfectly meets these requirements. In this study we present this new surgical technique and the analysis of first 30 cases.

Evaluation of the short-term results of closed reduction and percutaneous K-wires fixation of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACF)

PurposeOptimum management of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACF) still controversial. Open surgery carries the risk of wound complications, while non-operative management has a high incidence of arthrosis. To avoid these complications, minimally invasive and percutaneous fixation was introduced. The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the short term clinical and radiological outcomes after closed reduction and percutaneous fixation of DIACF using K-wires.Patients and methodsOutcomes of twenty patients were evaluated at the final follow up. A functional assessment using the AOFAS scoring system. Radiological parameters recorded included three angles (Böhler’s, Gissane and posterior facet inclination angles) and three distances (calcaneal length, height and width). Any complications were reported at any follow-up.ResultsThe mean patient’s age was 33 ± 15.2 years, 8 (40%) patients with type II fractures, 10 (50%) patients with type III fractures, and 2 (10%) with type IV fracture according to Sanders classification. After a mean follow-up of 9 months, the mean AOFAS score was 84, excellent in 9 patients (45%), good in 9 (45%), and fair in 2 (10%). At the final follow-up the Böhler’s angle, Gissane angle and PFIA was 25.1° ± (5.2), 119.9° ± (9.4) and 51.7° ± (5.9) respectively and the calcaneal height, length and width was 41.8 mm ± (2.1), 75.1 mm ± (3.01) and 40.9 mm ± (2.6) respectively. We had no cases of deep infection, 20% had significant subtalar arthritis.ConclusionThe closed reduction and percutaneous fixation technique for DIACF management offered acceptable clinical and radiographic outcomes, with fewer complications when compared to other management options.     

Acute total hip arthroplasty for older patients with acetabular fractures: A meta-analysis

ObjectiveMultiple treatment options for acetabular fractures in geriatric patients exist. However, no large-scale studies have reported the outcomes of acute total hip arthroplasty (THA) in this patient population. We systematically evaluated all available evidence to characterize clinical outcomes, complications, and revisions of acute THA for acetabular fractures in geriatric patients.MethodsMeta-analysis of 21 studies of 430 acetabular fractures with mean follow-up of 44 months (range, 17−97 months). Two independent researchers searched and evaluated the databases of Ovid, Embase, and United States National Library of Medicine using a Boolean search string up to December 2019. Population demographics and complications, including presence of heterotopic ossification (HO), dislocation, infection, revision rate, neurological deficits, and venous thromboembolic event (VTE), were recorded and analyzed.ResultsWeighted mean Harris Hip Score was 83.3 points, and 20% of the patients had reported complications. The most common complication was HO, with a rate of 19.5%. Brooker grade III and IV HO rates were lower at 6.8%. Hip dislocation occurred at a rate of 6.1%, 4.1% of patients developed VTE, deep infection occurred in 3.8%, and neurological complications occurred in 1.9%. Although the revision rate was described in most studies, we were unable to perform a survival analysis because the time to each revision was described in only a few studies. The revision rate was 4.3%.ConclusionsAcute THA is a viable option for treatment of acetabular fracture and can result in acceptable clinical outcomes and survivorship rates in older patients but with an associated complication rate of approximately 20%. Considering the limited treatment options, THA might be a viable alternative for appropriately selected patients.     

皮肤再生医疗技术治疗糖尿病足溃疡疗效分析

目的:分析、总结、探讨皮肤再生医疗技术在临床上治疗糖尿病足溃疡的可行性与有效性。方法:对32例糖尿病足溃疡住院病人采用皮肤再生医疗技术为主、必要时配合植皮的治疗方法进行局部创面修复。结果:32例糖尿病足溃疡应用皮肤再生医疗技术获得修复9例(占28.1％),皮肤再生医疗技术 皮片移植12例(占37．5％),皮肤再生医疗技术 皮瓣修复5例(占15．6％),进行截肢6例(占18．8％)。结论:及时就诊、及时采用皮肤再生医疗技术为主的治疗方法能有效修复溃疡创面、降低糖尿病足截肢率。     

胫神经腓肠肌内侧头肌支切断的小腿减肥术

目的探索缩小小腿腓肠肌改善小腿外形的手术方法。方法通过窝皮肤皱襞4~5cm横切口,切断胫神经腓肠肌内侧头肌支,使腓肠肌内侧头失神经萎缩,达到小腿减肥的目的。测量并记录小腿周径和外形的变化。结果本组16例患者行胫神经腓肠肌内侧头肌支切断术后,小腿最大周径平均缩小(3.5±1.1)cm。小腿内侧曲线变得平缓。患者术后可立即下地行走,无明显肿胀。随访半年,站立、行走等日常活动未受影响。结论行胫神经腓肠肌内侧头肌支切断术,可缩小小腿,改善小腿外形,方法简便、安全,效果明显,同时不影响患者的行走功能。     

动态范围压缩技术在CR足部影像中的应用

目的探讨动态范围压缩技术在体厚差别较大的足部CR图像处理中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析成人足部CR图像50例,采用动态范围压缩技术处理用以观察趾周软组织、第1趾甲沟、第5趾骨远侧节、距骨小粱、跟骰关节间隙的清晰显示率,并与常规CR处理图像进行比较。结果经动态范围压缩技术处理后,显示全足组织结构更加清晰,与常规CR图像相比,两者在统计学上存在显著差异(t=7.732,P<0.05)。结论对体厚差别较大的足部CR图像,应用动态范围压缩技术使大量有用信息得以充分利用,能在同一幅图像上同时显示软组织、骨骼及关节结构,具有较大的临床应用价值。     

肱骨近端移位骨折的手术治疗

目的：总结肱骨近端移位骨折的手术治疗方法和疗效。方法：分析手术治疗肱骨近端骨折28例资料。患者平均年龄24．4岁，平均随访2年6个月；手术均采用三角肌胸大肌间隙入路，钢板固定15例，交叉克氏针固定11例，单纯螺丝钉固定15例；采用Neer分类及评分方法评价手术结果。结果：两部分外科颈骨折优良率为64．7％，无头坏死及不愈合，三部分骨折和四部分骨折切开复位的满意率较低。结论：两部分骨折和三部分骨折可采用切开复位内固定，但尽量避免使用钢板；对四部分骨折，内固定满意率较低且肱骨头坏死率较高。     

等长收缩运动治疗单纯颈伸肌劳损的疗效观察

目的总结等长收缩运动治疗单纯颈伸肌劳损的疗效。方法随机将56例单纯颈伸肌劳损分为两组,一组应用等长收缩运动进行治疗,另一组应用手法治疗,对比两组患者疗效。结果治疗1周后,两组患者的总有效率均为100%（P〉0.05）。结论等长收缩运动治疗单纯颈伸肌劳损的疗效与手法治疗相近,但该法具有更安全、经济、且不受条件、时间限制,更有主动巩固疗效和积极预防的作用。