高转换型肾性骨病中骨保护素及其配体的表达和形态计量学观察

目的 观察高转换型肾性骨病中骨保护素及其配体 (OPG，RANKL)的表达，并与骨形态计量学指标进行相关分析。 方法 选择10例慢性肾衰尿毒症患者和3例正常人进行髂骨活检术，获得骨组织标本。采用免疫组化方法检测OPG和RANKL蛋白质的表达。采用全自动图像分析系统进行骨组织形态计量学测定。结果 10例慢性肾衰尿毒症患者经骨病理学检查证实均为高转换型骨病，以破骨细胞活化形成骨吸收陷窝伴或不伴骨矿化不全为特点。免疫组化显示尿毒症患者骨组织中以RANKL阳性表达为主。与正常对照相比，RANKL阳性表达细胞数目显著增加，OPG阳性表达细胞数目显著减少。尿毒症患者RANKL的阳性表达细胞数目与骨吸收面积和破骨细胞数目呈显著正相关。结论 高转换型肾性骨病中，PTH的溶骨作用可能是通过OPG/RANKL/RANK系统介导的。     

单钉-棒固定在胸腰椎结核前路手术中的应用

目的探讨脊柱结核手术内固定的有效方式。方法2002年6月~2004年6月,在手术前有效抗结核化疗的基础上,采用前路病灶清除、植骨融合及单钉-棒内固定的手术方式治疗胸、腰椎结核患者54例。术中在保证彻底清创的基础上注意保留病椎有血供的部分和无明显破坏的椎间盘,以减少切除范围和融合的节段,有神经症状者注意行椎管前侧减压。骨缺损采用自体髂骨、异体髂骨 自体碎骨、或钛网 自体碎骨的方法修复,安置单钉-棒时注意对移植骨块适当加压。患者术后卧床10d左右,然后在支具的保护下下床活动。本组共有41例患者获得随访,手术后随访的时间7~31个月,平均18个月。结果患者所有的结核病灶均顺利愈合,植骨稳定,无明显移位和塌陷,内固定器无松脱和折断,其中37例达到骨性愈合标准;脊柱后凸角平均矫正达23°,患者术前伴有的神经症状也大部分消失,绝大部分患者恢复日常生活、工作。结论前路单钉-棒内固定不仅能够维持胸、腰椎结核手术后脊柱的稳定,防止移植骨块的脱位、塌陷和骨不愈合的发生,而且可以最大范围地减少融合节段,减少术中创伤,故是手术治疗胸、腰椎结核的可靠固定方式。     

Novel explant model to study mechanotransduction and cell-cell communication.

To understand in situ behavior of osteocytes, we characterized a model of osteocytes in their native bone matrix and demonstrated real-time biologic activity of osteocytes while bending the bone matrix. Using 43 male Sprague-Dawley rats, dumbbell-shaped explants were harvested from stainless steel femoral implants after 6-12 weeks and incubated in culture medium or fixed. Sixteen specimens were used to determine bone volume density (BV/TV), volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) and histology for different implantation periods. Osteocyte viability was evaluated by L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in 12 cultured explants. Confocal microscopy was used to assess tracer diffusion in three explants and changes in osteocyte pH of a mechanically loaded explant. From 6 to 12 weeks, explant BV/TV and volumetric BMD trended up 92.5% and 101%, respectively. They were significantly and highly correlated. Tissues were uniformly intramembranous and all bone cell types were present. Explants maintained LDH activity through culture day 8. Diffusion at 200 microM was limited to 1,209 Da. Explants appeared capable of reproducing complex bone biology. This model may be useful in understanding osteocyte mechanotransduction in the context of a physiologically relevant bone matrix.     

腕舟状骨疲劳骨折3例

疲劳骨折亦称行军骨折，多发生在下肢骨骼，发生在第2、3跖骨、胫骨、股骨颈等部位的疲劳骨折已不少见，但是发生在上肢的疲劳骨折尚不多见。自2002年以来，发现3例腕舟骨疲劳骨折，现报告如下。     

Do children with primary nocturnal enuresis have a retarded bone age? A cross‐sectional study

OBJECTIVE: Nocturnal enuresis is a common pediatric problem, the etiology of which is unclear. In recent years, various studies have been published stating that children with nocturnal enuresis exhibit growth and skeletal maturation retardation. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we included 27 patients (16 boys, 11 girls) between the ages of 6 and 14 years who had presented with primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE) complaints. We included in the evaluation 19 healthy subjects (12 boys, 7 girls), who were the siblings of the children with PNE, as the control group. RESULTS: The patients in both groups were similar in chronological age, bone age, height and weight, with no significant difference between groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The two groups in our study consisted of the same genetic background. Thus, our results were found to be different from the previous studies. We have concluded that there is no direct relationship between enuresis nocturnal and skeletal maturation.     

定期骨髓象观察指导急性淋巴细胞白血病诱导缓解治疗

目的评价定期骨髓象检查对急淋诱导化疗的指导意义。方法对引例初治成人急淋患音，于诱导化疗首疗程期间定时作骨髓象观察，用这两个时限的骨髓白血病细胞比率及／或白血病细胞减少指数指导化疗。结果本组完全缓解（CR）率82.4%（42/51），其中首疗程CR率60.8%（31／51）。结论诱导化疗期定时骨髓象观察指导化疗有助于提高急淋CR率及首疗程CR率。     

Xenogeneic bone marrow transplantation: II. Porcine-specific growth factors enhance porcine bone marrow engraftment in an in vitro primate microenvironment

Abstract: Establishment of mixed bone marrow chimerism in pig-to-primate transplantation, as a means of inducing specific immune tolerance, will require that both immune and nonimmune barriers be overcome. As a preliminary step in evaluating nonimmune barriers in this system, we have developed an in vitro model of engraftment in which long-term culture of porcine bone marrow-derived hematopoietic cells is supported on preformed primate bone marrow stromal layers. In the absence of cytokine supplementation, primate stromal cells were unable to support long-term porcine hematopoiesis in these cultures. Supplementation with porcine Steel Factor was required for long-term maintenance of hematopoietic progenitor cell content and total hematopoietic activity. Addition of porcine IL-3, in combination with porcine Steel Factor, increased long-term progenitor cell content and hematopoietic activity on primate stroma to levels comparable to that obtained in cultures on porcine stroma. The combination of porcine GM-CSF and Steel Factor increased progenitor cell content and hematopoietic activity early in the cultures, but had little effect in long-term cultures. The Steel Factor and IL-3 combination was species-specific in its action in these cultures, as the corresponding human cytokines were unable to effectively support long-term porcine hematopoiesis. Likewise, the combination of porcine cytokines had only minimal effects on long-term bone marrow culture of primate CD34+ cells I on primate stroma.     

海脉冲营养素对小鼠造血功能的影响

通过与复方阿胶浆，施普端螺旋藻胶囊抗贫血功效的比较，研究了海脉冲营养素对小鼠造血功能的影响。结果表明，小鼠口服ＨＭＣ５００ｍｇ／（ｋｇ．ｄ），对失血性贫血小鼠有提高，ＲＢＣ的作用，对苯肼引起的溶血性贫血小鼠有升高Ｈｂ，ＲＢＣ，ＷＢＣ的作用，能促进由环磷酰胺所致骨髓抑制小鼠的骨髓有核细胞的增殖，增加脾脏重量，升高外周血中网织红细胞和ＷＢＣ数量。     

健血升白冲剂对小鼠造血功能的影响

目的：研究健血升白冲剂对小鼠血液系统的影响。方法：以骨髓细胞计数，白细胞计数和血象为指标，观察健血升白冲剂对正常小鼠和化学及放射损伤小鼠的影响。结果：健血升白冲剂明显增加正常小鼠白细胞计数（Ｐ＜００１），显著改善环磷酰胺诱导小鼠白细胞和骨髓细胞的减少作用（分别为Ｐ＜００５，Ｐ＜００１），并能显著增加６０Ｃｏ放射损伤小鼠骨髓细胞（Ｐ＜００１）和白细胞（Ｐ＜００１）。结论：健血升白冲剂对化学及放射损伤小鼠血液系统有明显的保护及改善作用。是一个有开发价值的药物。