新脂肪细胞因子CTRP9的研究进展

C1q／肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白9（C1q／TNF-related protein9,CTRP9）是一种新发现的与脂联素高度同源的脂肪细胞因子,其对机体具有正性作用,在调节代谢、保护心肌、舒张血管和改善内皮功能等方面发挥重要作用。本文对CTRP9的分子结构、聚合形式、组织表达和分泌以及生物学功能作一综述。     

Association of serum levels of leptin,ghrelin, and adiponectin in schizophrenic patients and healthy controls

Abstract

Background. Leptin, ghrelin, and adiponectin play important roles in the regulation of body weight, food intake, and energy homeostasis, and have been suggested to be important biomarkers of metabolic syndrome. In this study, we tried to simultaneously investigate the serum levels of leptin, ghrelin, and adiponectin in schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. Methods. During a period of 2 years, we recruited 37 schizophrenic patients and 65 healthy controls. The levels of metabolic syndrome-related biomarkers including serum adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. On applying analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with age and body mass index adjustments, the leptin levels of schizophrenic patients (P = 0.038) were found to be higher than those of healthy controls. However, there were no significant differences in the serum levels of ghrelin or adiponectin between these two groups. Conclusion. These results showed that serum leptin levels might be more sensitive than ghrelin or adiponectin levels between schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. However, studies with a large sample size are needed to confirm these results.     

脂联素对内皮祖细胞增殖和迁移能力的影响

目的研究脂联素通过磷酸肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B(Akt)通路改善内皮祖细胞(EPC)增殖、迁移能力的影响并探讨其可能机制。方法利用密度梯度离心法分离、培养人外周血单个核细胞,将EPC分为对照组、脂联素组(10μg/ml)、磷酸肌醇3激酶抑制剂干预组(干预1组)和细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶(ERK)抑制剂干预组(干预2组)。采用四唑盐比色法、细胞集落形成单位计数等方法观察各组EPC增殖能力的变化情况,应用transwell小室法分析EPC迁移能力,采用免疫蛋白印迹法观察脂联素处理EPC后,Akt、磷酸化Akt、ERK、磷酸化ERK的表达情况。结果脂联素组EPC增殖能力较对照组明显提高(P<0.05),干预1组EPC增殖、迁移效应较脂联素组明显抑制(P<0.05),而干预2组对EPC增殖、迁移改善效应无明显影响。与对照组比较,脂联素组磷酸化Akt表达明显增加,干预1组磷酸化Akt表达及脂联素组磷酸化ERK表达无明显增加。结论脂联素具有促进EPC增殖、迁移等功能活性的作用,其主要机制可能与磷酸肌醇3激酶/Akt信号通路激活有关。     

Effects of combining simvastatin with rosiglitazone on inflammation, oxidant stress and ambulatory blood pressure in patients with the metabolic syndrome: the SIROCO study

Aim: Individually, statins and thiazolidinediones (TZDs) show positive effects on atherosclerosis progression in cellular and animal models as well as patients with diabetes; however, their combined effects have not been studied. This study examines the effects of simvastatin combined with rosiglitazone on vascular inflammation, oxidant stress, ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and other atherosclerotic factors in patients with the metabolic syndrome. Methods: This is a randomized, double blind, placebo‐controlled study in 53 subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Participants were randomized to simvastatin 40 mg/day plus placebo vs. simvastatin 40 mg/day plus rosiglitazone 4 mg/day for 6 months. The primary endpoint was the between‐group difference in high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) and secondary variables including urinary isoprostanes, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), ambulatory BP, adiponectin, and lipid and glycaemic profiles. Results: At study end, the group randomized to the simvastatin/rosiglitazone combination had a greater reduction in hs‐CRP of 1.33 mg/dl, (p = 0.029) and showed a trend for a greater reduction in urinary isoprostane (?39%), (p = 0.056) compared to simvastatin/placebo group. Changes in MDA levels did not differed between groups (p = 0.81). 24‐h systolic blood pressure (SBP) also showed a 4.5 mmHg reduction at 6 months (p = 0.06). Adiponectin levels increased by 3.91 µg/ml in the combination group over placebo, (p = 0.03) and blood glucose decreased in combination group vs. placebo. Conclusion: Our data show that patients with the metabolic syndrome given a statin/TZD combination manifest greater reductions in markers of vascular inflammation and oxidant stress, 24‐h ambulatory BP and increases in adiponectin as well as improved glycaemic indices.     

脂联素受体在正常SD大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞的分布和表达

目的通过体外培养SD大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞,研究脂联素受体1(AdipoR1)、脂联素受体2(AdipoR2)及T-钙黏蛋白(T-cadherin)三种脂联素受体在大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞上的分布和表达。方法采用酶消化法原代培养乳鼠心肌细胞,通过α-肌动蛋白免疫荧光法对原代培养的心肌细胞进行鉴定,并在倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞生长状态。选用原代培养96h的单层心肌细胞进行实验,使用RT-PCR和细胞免疫组织化学方法检测AdipoR1、AdipoR2、T-cadherin的mRNA和蛋白在心肌细胞中的表达情况。结果在SD大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞上均检测到了AdipoR1、AdipoR2、T-cadherin的mRNA和蛋白表达,其中以AdipoR1和T-cad-herin的mRNA和蛋白表达量高,与AdipoR2的表达量相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论脂联素受体1、脂联素受体2和T-钙黏蛋白,三种脂联素受体在SD大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞上均有表达,并以脂联素受体1和T-钙黏蛋白的表达为主,脂联素受体2表达量较少。     

Low Plasma Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Level and its Relationship to Adiponectin in Hemodialysis Patients

The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between plasma DHEA-S and adiponectin concentrations in hemodialyses patients (HD). Plasma adiponectin, DHEA-S, cholesterol, and albumin levels were estimated in 94 HD and 46 healthy subjects (HS). In HD, a significantly lower plasma DHEA-S concentration (2.5±0.2 vs. 4.7±0.4 μmol/L respectively; p?=?0.002) but significantly higher plasma adiponectin level (15.0±0.7 vs. 8.7±0.8 μg/mL respectively; p?=?0.004) than in HS were found. Only in uremic patients was a significant negative correlation found between plasma adiponectin and DHEA-S concentrations (tau?=?–0.210; p?=?0.001). Decreased plasma DHEA-S level is associated with increased adiponectinemia in uremic patients.     

海地瓜海参胶对胰岛素抵抗模型小鼠慢性炎症的改善作用

目的 研究海地瓜海参胶对胰岛素抵抗模型小鼠慢性炎症的改善作用。方法 建立高脂高果糖饮食诱导胰岛素抵抗小鼠模型。雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、海地瓜海参胶低剂量组（100 mg · (kg ·bw· d)-1）、海地瓜海参胶高剂量组（200 mg · (kg ·bw· d)-1）。饲喂9周后,检测小鼠空腹血糖、胰岛素、促炎因子游离脂肪酸、肿瘤坏死因子-α、白介素6及抗炎因子脂联素、白介素10水平;qRT-PCR 检测小鼠肝脏炎症因子mRNA表达水平。结果 海地瓜海参胶显著降低胰岛素抵抗模型小鼠空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素水平;显著降低血清促炎因子含量,升高抗炎因子含量;显著下调肝脏肿瘤坏死因子-α、白介素6 mRNA表达,上调脂联素、白介素10 mRNA表达。结论 海地瓜海参胶可显著改善胰岛素抵抗小鼠的慢性炎症。     

小蘖碱对高脂血症鼠脂联素的调控作用及其对血脂指标和斑块形成的影响

目的 研究小蘖碱对高脂血症鼠脂联素的调控作用及其对血脂指标和斑块形成的影响。 方法 在40只Wistar雄性鼠随机选取30只并喂养高脂饲料饮食进行高血脂(HLP)造模,对照组(n=10)则喂养正常食物并自由摄取水。10周后,将HLP模型随机分为3组: HLP组(n=10)、HLP+LBB组(n=10)和HLP+HBB组(n=10)。对HLP+LBB组鼠进行低剂量小檗碱(berberine, BB)灌胃(150 mg/(kg·d)), HLP+HBB组高剂量小檗碱灌胃(300 mg/(kg·d)),对照组和HLP组则以生理盐水代替。连续喂养10周后测定并比较4组鼠血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、血清总脂联素和高分子量脂联素含量,以及心肌梗死斑块面积。 结果 造模后,与对照组相比,HLP组大鼠TG、TC和LDL-C显著升高,HDL-C水平显著下降(P<0.05)。提示HLP大鼠造模成功。与HLP组相比,HLP+LBB组、HLP+HBB组TG、TC和LDL-C显著降低(P<0.001),HLP+LBB组HDL-C水平显著升高(P<0.05)。四组大鼠血清总脂联素含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但HLP组中高分子量脂联素与总脂联素的比值显著低于对照组, 而HLP+HBB组显著高于HLP组(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,AdipoR1在HLP组中表达下调(P<0.05), 而HLP+HBB组显著高于HLP组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。AdipoR2在HLP组中的表达无明显变化,但HLP+HBB组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。HLP+HBB组梗塞面积[(11.4±1.0)%)]显著低于HLP组[(52.2±0.9)%]和HLP+LBB组[(33.1±1.1)%](均P<0.05)。 结论 小蘖碱可对抗高脂血症鼠血中脂联素的下调,这一干预可能在血脂指标和斑块形成方面起到改善作用。