Ⅰ期前后路联合手术治疗严重下颈椎骨折脱位

[目的]探讨Ⅰ期前后路联合手术固定在严重下颈椎骨折脱位中的临床疗效和应用价值。[方法]采用颈椎前路钢板和后路侧块钉棒Ⅰ期联合复位内固定技术治疗严重下颈椎骨折脱位27例,手术均在颅骨牵引下经鼻腔气管插管全身麻醉下进行,先采用俯卧位,植入侧块螺钉、减压、复位后,植入棒,运用“弓弦原理”,采用CD旋棒技术恢复颈椎的序列,维持并稍加大颈椎在矢状面上的生理前凸,植骨融合后拆除颅骨牵引置仰卧位,行前路椎体复位、减压、植骨及自锁钛板固定。术后定期复查X线片以观察损伤节段的稳定性和融合率,以Frankel分级判定脊髓功能的恢复情况。[结果]术后27例全部获得随访,随访6~27个月,平均11.6个月。脱位均完全复位,无植骨不融合。损伤节段稳定,颈椎椎间高度及生理曲度都得到良好重建及维持,未出现内固定断裂、松动及脱出,无血管、神经、食道损伤等并发症。除5例A级、2例B级脊髓功能无恢复,Frankel分级无变化外,其余Frankel分级平均提高1.8级,其中5例患者达到E级。[结论]颈椎Ⅰ期前后路联合手术固定治疗严重下颈椎骨折脱位,完全恢复颈椎序列,复位良好,椎管前后方压迫得到彻底解除,损伤节段术后获得即刻稳定,方便术后护理和功能锻炼,有利于脊髓功能恢复,为一积极有效的方法。     

颈横动脉颈段皮支皮瓣的临床应用

目的 探讨颈前瘢痕及严重的颏胸黏连、胸前瘢痕癌等的治疗方法。方法 颈横动脉起自甲状颈干后，向外行走于胸锁乳突肌、肩胛舌骨肌深面。皮支在胸锁乳突肌与肩胛舌骨肌交点处穿出，并营养锁骨上、下区及前胸区皮肤。本组46例患者，颈部瘢痕及严重的颏胸黏连45例，胸前瘢痕癌1例，均采用颈横动脉颈段皮支皮瓣转移修复。术中先将颈部瘢痕切除，充分松解挛缩后或将肿瘤切除后，在锁骨上、下及前胸区依创面大小，结合颈横动脉颈段皮支的应用解剖，设计皮瓣，转移到受区。如供区采用预扩张术，则供区创面可拉拢缝合。否则。供区需采用断层或全厚皮片移植修复。结果 本组46例患者，11例为带蒂皮瓣转移，余均为岛状皮瓣转移，颏胸黏连完全纠正，术后效果满意。结论 采用颈横动脉颈段皮支皮瓣修复颏胸黏连、胸前瘢痕癌等，手术可一次完成，无继发畸形，是目前较理想的治疗方法。     

颈性眩晕的分型治疗及疗效分析

目的 将颈性眩晕分为上、下颈性眩晕，采取不同治疗方法并与常规治疗方法的疗效比较，以寻求更好的治疗方法。方法 将135例颈性眩晕随机分为试验组和对照组，对其治愈率及治疗时间进行统计学分析。结果 试验组的治愈率高于对照组，而试验组的治疗时间短于对照组，均有统计学意义。结论 对颈性眩晕进行分型并采用不同的治疗方法能提高治愈率，缩短治疗时间。     

连续埋线法重睑术的临床评价

目的 探讨连续埋线法重睑术的适应证和手术要点.方法 手术在局部麻醉下施行,从外眦向内眦沿睑板上缘作连续缝合,然后折返,外眦缝合口打结.结果 本组132例患者术后随访形成良好重睑者为121例,占92%;两侧重睑皱襞高低不一的7例,占5%;重睑消失的4例,占3%,后两者均补充埋线法或者切开法重睑术修复.结论 连续埋线法重睑术除适用于上睑皮肤较薄的年轻患者,也可扩大到中等以下程度的上睑皮肤松弛患者,以及以外侧为主的上睑臃肿者.     

颅脑损伤患者上消化道出血的预防和治疗(附625例报告)

目的探讨颅脑损伤后上消化道出血的预防措施及其治疗方法。方法回顾性分析625例颅脑损伤后上消化道出血的病例,在治疗原发伤病基础上,采用止血、制酸、保护胃黏膜等对症处理,同时应用阿托品治疗22例;胃镜下治疗8例;胃次全切除术5例。结果本组病例中,治愈572例,缓解36例,无效5例,死亡12例,其中阿托品治愈20例;胃镜下治愈6例;胃次全切除术治愈4例。结论预防和治疗的重点是消除颅脑损伤病灶和保护胃黏膜,常规处理方案效果满意,简单、经济且安全有效,但必要时应及时使用特殊治疗手段,以迅速控制出血病情。     

外伤性急性颈椎间盘突出症(附19例报告)

本文旨在阐明MRI对急性颈椎间盘突出的诊断价值。19例均有明显的外伤史,X线片无骨折脱位者12例。其中C_(5～6),髓核突出7例,C_(5～6)、C_(1～5),突出5例。有小关节绞锁半脱位者7例,MRI均示损伤间隙有髓核突出。19例均为不全瘫。全部病例经前路椎间盘切除、植骨融合。平均随访15个月,植骨块平均于12周愈合。除1例骨块退出4～5mm外,余位置良好。脊髓功能均有明显恢复。结论:外伤是急性颈椎间盘突出的主要原因,而颈椎间盘突出又是SCIWORA综合征的主要原因。对小关节绞锁半脱位者应考虑同时有椎间盘突出的可能。手术治疗一般效果良好。     

Daily changes in presynaptic cholinergic activity of rat sympathetic superior cervical ganglion

The in vitro capacity of sympathetic superior cervical ganglia (SCG) to take up [³H]choline from the extracellular medium, to synthesize acetylcholine from [³H]choline, and to release [³H]acetylcholine in response to a high K⁺ concentration, were examined in rats throughout a 24-h cycle. Both the release of [³H]acetylcholine and the synthesis of [³H]acetylcholine from [³H]choline exhibited significant diurnal variations, showing maxima during the first half of the night. After these maxima, nocturnal acetylcholine release and synthesis decayed to daytime levels and remained low until the end of the night. [³H]Choline uptake by rat SCG did not vary significantly throughout a 24-h period. A 1.5-h exposure of rats to darkness at the 5th hour of light phase of the daily photoperiod did not change significantly any parameter studied. A 20-min, 5-Hz, electrical stimulation of the preganglionic trunk of SCG excised from rats at noon increased significantly subsequent K⁺-induced [³H]acetylcholine release but did not change [³H]acetylcholine synthesis. In decentralized SCG of rats subjected to a unilateral SCG decentralization and a contralateral sham-operation 7 days earlier, [³H]acetylcholine release and synthesis were highly reduced or abolished at the decentralized side, while [³H]choline uptake remained unaltered. The present results suggest that an activation of preganglionic rat SCG neurons takes place during the first half of the scotophase.     

The callous elbow and aging of the upper arm

The author describes his surgical approach to the problems of the aging upper arm and elbow region. Surgery at an appropriate age can prevent the progressive wrinkling of the elbow which is further aggravated by aging of the upper arm. The author's operation is aimed at correcting both portions of the arm anatomy at the same time.