人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄非稳定性股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨高龄患者非稳定性股骨转子间骨折行人工股骨头置换术的临床疗效。方法本组74例，年龄75～89岁，平均80．3岁；骨折类型按Evans分类：ⅢA型31例，ⅢB型24例，Ⅳ型19例。其中3例为经内固定治疗失败病例，合并内科疾病者69例，在相关内科协同治疗后行双极骨水泥型人工股骨头置换术，术后早期进行康复锻炼。结果74例都顺利通过手术，住院期间无死亡病例；72例获得随访，随访时间3～16个月，平均9．2个月；无一例出现畸形，髋关节功能接近或恢复到受伤前水平，生活可自理；2例于出院后5个月、11个月死于其他疾病。结论人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄非稳定性股骨转子间骨折是一种效果确切的治疗方法，操作简单、创伤小、卧床时间短、并发症低、死亡率低，提高了高龄患者的生活质量。     

微创经皮钢板内固定技术治疗胫骨近端骨折

目的探讨微创经皮钢板内固定（MIPPO）治疗胫骨近端骨折的方法和临床疗效。方法对15例胫骨近端骨折患者采用间接复位技术和MIPPO技术治疗。结果所有患者术后随访4-12个月；骨折均临床愈合，愈合时间3—7个月，无畸形愈合、感染及钢板断裂。功能采用Johner—Wruhs评分标准：优10例，良4例，中1例。结论MIPPO是治疗胫骨近端骨折的理想方法之一。     

股骨远端骨折术后骨不连原因分析及处理

目的探讨股骨远端骨折术后骨不连的原因及处理方法。方法分析11例股骨远端骨折术后骨不连的原因,均再次手术、植骨、解剖钢板内固定。结果10例获1年1个月-3年8个月随访,骨不连均愈合,愈合时间11.6-19.8个月（平均16.9个月）。无钢板、螺钉松动断裂。膝关节功能按Kolment评分标准：优3例,良5例,差2例。结论内固定不当、骨缺损尤其是内侧骨缺损未充分植骨修复、术后管理不当等是导致骨不连的重要因素。植骨、解剖钢板内固定是治疗股骨远端骨折术后骨不连较适宜的方法。     

多排螺旋CT三维成像诊断颌面部骨折

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT三维成像诊断颌面部骨折的价值.方法:对32例颌面部骨折患者用多层螺旋CT薄层扫描,分别用多平面重建(MPR)法,表面阴影遮盖(SSD)法和容积渲染成像(VR)法进行三维成像,观察3种方法对颌面部骨折的显示情况.结果:32例颌面部骨折患者,MPR法能清晰显示全部骨折及周围软组织损害情况,但图像缺乏立体感;SSD法图像立体感强,但对细小骨折显示欠佳;VR法对所有骨折能清晰显示,特别是对细小骨折及无移位的骨折显示明显优于SSD法,但其对复杂解剖结构的立体显示则不及SSD.结论:多层螺旋CT三维成像对颌面部骨折的诊断具有重要价值,MPR法、SSD法和VR法显示病变各有优劣,在实际应用中,最好三者结合使用.     

闭合复位逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折

目的探讨临床应用闭合复位逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折的疗效。方法笔者自2002年6月～2005年5月，采用闭合复位逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折28例。结果获得随访28例，时间4～20个月，平均11个月。骨折平均愈合时间5个月，根据HSS膝关节临床功能评定：优12例，良11例，优良率82．2％，可5例（17．8％），无术后感染及内固定断裂。结论闭合复位逆行交锁髓内钉能提供坚强内固定，出血少，创伤小，有利于骨折的愈合和膝关节功能的恢复，是治疗股骨远端骨折的较理想方法。     

Osteotomy of the tibial tubercle in complex primary total knee replacement

Objective  Stiffness and severe deformity pose a major challenge in total knee arthroplasty. Numerous techniques have been described to gain exposure and improve knee flexion. Tibial tubercle osteotomy provides excellent and safe exposure of the joint, although mechanical and wound complications have been reported. Materials and methods  We present a series of 32 consecutive complex primary total replacements where an osteotomy of the tibial tubercle was utilised. Results  The patients had a mean follow-up of 2 years and 11 months. Following the procedure, with the exception of one case complicated with deep infection, all of the patients had improved clinically. The mean postoperative range of motion had increased to 102° (give P value < 0.005) and there were no cases of delayed union or non-union. A mechanical complication related to technique occurred in one patient; there were no other cases with a postoperative extension lag. Conclusion  In this challenging population group, we have found a tibial tubercle tuberosity osteotomy to greatly facilitate exposure without compromising the clinical and radiographic outcome.     

微型钢板与克氏针治疗掌指骨骨折的疗效对比分析

目的：探讨应用微型钢板及克氏针治疗各种掌指骨骨折的不同疗效。方法：47例（62处）掌指骨骨折。其中开放性骨折19例（24处），闭合性骨折28例（38处），合并严重软组织损伤或肌腱损伤10例（13处）。分为微型钢板固定组27例（34处）及克氏针组20例（28处）。采取伤口清创，微型解剖钢板螺丝钉系统内固定术及克氏针治疗。对比其疗效。结果：全部病例骨性愈合，以TAM为评定标准，微型钢板组中优为20例，良10例，优良率为88．2％。克氏针组中优为12例，良7例，优良率为67．8％。结论：在掌握好适应证的前提下，使用微型钢板切开复位内固定治疗各种类型的掌指骨骨折术后骨折愈合时间、关节功能的恢复程度及伤口感染情况明显优于克氏针组。     

Nonoperatively treated burst fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine in adults: a 23- to 41-year follow-up

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Several studies report a favorable short-term outcome after nonoperatively treated two-column thoracic or lumbar burst fractures in patients without neurological deficits. Few reports have described the long-term clinical and radiological outcome after these fractures, and none have, to our knowledge, specifically evaluated the long-term outcome of the discs adjacent to the fractured vertebra, often damaged at injury and possibly at an increased risk of height reduction and degeneration with subsequent chronic back pain. PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term clinical and radiological outcome after nonoperatively treated thoracic or lumbar burst fractures in adults, with special attention to posttraumatic radiological disc height reduction. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. PATIENT SAMPLE: Sixteen men with a mean age of 31 years (range, 19-44) and 11 women with a mean age of 40 years (range, 23-61) had sustained a thoracic or lumbar burst fracture during the years 1965 to 1973. Four had sustained a burst fracture Denis type A, 18 a Denis type B, 1 a Denis type C, and 4 a Denis type E. Seven of these patients had neurological deficits at injury, all retrospectively classified as Frankel D. OUTCOME MEASURES: The clinical outcome was evaluated subjectively with Oswestry score and questions regarding work capacity and objectively with the Frankel scale. The radiological outcome was evaluated with measurements of local kyphosis over the fractured segment, ratios of anterior and posterior vertebral body heights, adjacent disc heights, pedicle widths, sagittal width of the spinal canal, and lateral and anteroposterior displacement. METHODS: From the radiographical archives of an emergency hospital, all patients with a nonoperatively treated thoracic or lumbar burst fracture during the years 1965 to 1973 were registered. The fracture type, localization, primary treatment, and outcome were evaluated from the old radiographs, referrals, and reports. Twenty-seven individuals were clinically and radiologically evaluated a mean of 27 years (range, 23-41) after the injury. RESULTS: At follow-up, 21 former patients reported no or minimal back pain or disability (Oswestry Score mean 4; range, 0-16), whereas 6 former patients (of whom 3 were classified as Frankel D at baseline) reported moderate or severe disability (Oswestry Score mean 39; range, 26-54). Six former patients were classified as Frankel D, and the rest as Frankel E. Local kyphosis had increased by a mean of 3 degrees (p<.05), whereas the discs adjacent to the fractured vertebrae remained unchanged in height during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Nonoperatively treated burst fractures of the thoracic or lumbar spine in adults with or without minor neurological deficits have a predominantly favorable long-term outcome, and there seems to be no increased risk for subsequent disc height reduction in the adjacent discs.     

上胸椎骨折手术治疗方法的探讨

目的 探讨上胸椎骨折的特点及治疗。方法 15例病人按AO分型，A型2例、B型10例、C型3例。均经后路切开复位、脊髓减压、长节段内固定、取髂骨植骨融合术治疗。结果 随访18-24个月，后路长节段固定随访时无一例失败，完全瘫的患者9例中有1例神经功能改善I级．不完全瘫的5例均有Ⅲ级改善，1例无神经损伤。结论 上胸椎骨折损伤严重，后路长节段固定技术是一种合理的有效治疗方法。     

扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨干骨折

目的探讨交锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨干骨折的临床效果.方法应用交锁髓内钉治疗不同类型的股骨干骨折18例,胫骨干骨折15例.结果33例患者随访8～24个月,平均15.2个月,33例均骨性愈合.未出观畸性愈合、再骨折、断钉及膝、踝关节僵硬等并发症.结论交锁髓内钉治疗股骨、胫骨干骨折治愈率高,并发症少,效果满意.