Tibial press-fit fixation of the hamstring tendons for ACL-reconstruction

Press-fit fixation of patellar tendon bone anterior cruciate ligament autografts is an interesting technique because no hardware is necessary to achieve fixation. Up till the present point, there is no biomechanical data available for the tibial press-fit fixation of the hamstring tendons. Hamstring tendons of 21 human cadavers (age: 41.9 ± 13.1 years) were used. A press-fit fixation with looped semitendinosus and gracilis tendons secured by a tape (T) over a bone bridge, or by a baseball-stitched suture (S), was compared with degradable interference screw fixation (I) in 21 porcine tibiae. The constructs were cyclically strained and subsequently loaded to failure. The maximum load to failure, stiffness, and elongation during cyclical loading were measured. The maximum load to failure was highest for the T-fixation at 970 ± 83 N, followed by the I-fixation with 544 ± 109 N, and the S-fixation with 402 ± 78 N (P < 0.03). Stiffness of the constructs averaged 78 ± 13 N/mm for T, 108 ± 18 N/mm for S, and 162 ± 27 N/mm for I (P < 0.03). Elongation during initial cyclical loading was 2.0 ± 0.6 mm for T, 3.3 ± 1.1 mm for S, and 1.4 ± 0.5 mm for I (S inferior to I and T, P<0.05). Elongation between the 20th and 1,500th loading cycle was lower for T (2.2 ± 0.7 mm) compared with I (4.1 ± 2.7 mm) and S (4.8 ± 0.7 mm; P < 0.001). The T-fixation technique exhibited a significantly higher failure load than the S-, and I- techniques. All techniques exhibited larger elongation during initial cyclical loading than is reported in the literature for grafts with bone blocks. Only one technique (T) showed satisfactory elongation behavior during long-term cyclic loading. Interference screw fixation demonstrated significantly higher stiffness. Only one of the investigated techniques (T) seemed to exhibit adequate mechanical properties necessary for early aggressive rehabilitation programs.     

应用微型骨锚重建指伸肌腱终腱止点--附6例报告

目的 探讨微型骨锚在指伸肌腱终腱止点撕脱伤修复中的临床疗效。方法 对6例指伸肌腱终腱止点撕脱患指，先用克氏针将远侧指间关节固定于过伸位，然后将Mitek mcro微型骨锚植人远节指骨基底背侧指伸肌腱附着处，再用锚尾部的4-0 Ethibond缝合线与撕脱的指伸肌腱缝合，重建止点。结果 6例全部获得随访，术后随访3～6个月，平均4．1个月。按Dargan功能评定方法评定：优4例，良2例。术后X线片未见骨锚松动、脱落。结论 微型骨锚用于修复与重建指伸肌腱终腱，操作简便，易掌握，疗效可靠。     

关节镜下采用腘绳肌肌腱和微型钢板纽扣同时重建前、后十字韧带

目的关节镜下采用绳肌肌腱和微型钢板纽扣同时重建前、后十字韧带,并对重建效果进行评估。方法对12例前、后十字韧带损伤患者,在关节镜下采用同侧半腱肌肌腱和微型钢板纽扣重建前十字韧带,采用对侧半腱肌肌腱、股薄肌肌腱和微型钢板纽扣重建后十字韧带。其中2例还同时行后外侧韧带结构重建,1例同时行后内侧韧带结构重建。术后随访12～24个月,采用IKDC和Lysholm膝关节功能评分表对患膝功能进行评估,通过KT-1000检查了解膝关节的前后松弛度。结果术后无伸膝受限,屈膝活动度120°～140°,平均128°。终末随访时IKDC评分为A4例(33.3%),B7例(58.3%),C1例(8.3%)。屈膝25°位KT-1000检查,双侧膝关节前向松弛度差异小于2mm者8例,3～5mm者3例,7mm者1例;屈膝70°位检查,双侧胫骨结节后坠差异为0～2mm者9例,2～4mm者3例。陈旧性损伤患者术前Lysholm膝关节功能评分为(66.5±3.1)分,终末随访时为(93.8±3.5)分,差异具有非常显著性(t=5.376,P<0.01)。10例患者(83.3%)恢复了原来的运动水平,2例患者(16.7%)运动水平较前有所降低。结论在关节镜下采用双侧绳肌肌腱和微型钢板纽扣同时重建前、后十字韧带,能够较满意地恢复膝关节功能。     

腕掌侧严重切割伤的修复及远期疗效

目的探讨修复腕掌侧严重切割伤的特点和疗效。方法分析１９９１年９月～１９９６年１０月收治的腕掌侧严重切割伤４６例的处理方法及其远期疗效。结果共随访到２８例，随访时间为术后９个月至５年。肌腱效果按ＴＡＭ评定标准，优良率达８５．７％；神经功能按李贵存等［２］评定标准，优良率达８１．０％。结论腕外侧严重切割伤应重视早期同时修复神经、血管和肌腱；腱旁膜的修复是促进肌腱愈合的有效措施，显微外科技术的应用和早期功能训练是提高疗效的关键     

腕部腱鞘巨细胞瘤诊治体会

目的：探讨腕部腱鞘巨细胞瘤的诊断方法及手术治疗体会。方法：2002年9月至2009年10月对8例术前MRI初步诊断为腕部腱鞘巨细胞瘤的患者进行手术治疗,其中男5例,女3例;年龄16～65岁,平均41岁;病程10～72个月,平均31个月。结果：所有患者术后病理均证实为腱鞘巨细胞瘤,随访时间5～48个月,平均34.2个月。1例复发,3例正中神经损伤症状术后明显缓解。所有患者术后腕关节功能得到明显改善。结论：腱鞘巨细胞瘤的MRI表现特点有助于术前的鉴别诊断,术中彻底切除肿块有助于预防肿瘤复发。     

Limited joint mobility (LJM) in elderly subjects with type II diabetes mellitus

LJM is frequently observed in young subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Aim of this study was to evaluate whether non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) increases the risk of LJM in elderly subjects. Thirty patients (15 males, 15 females, mean age 73.93 ± 12.72 years) with NIDDM in good glycemic control were compared with thirty non-diabetic elderly, well matched for sex and age (15 males, 15 females, mean age 74.3 ± 4.24 years), and with ten young normal subjects (5 males, 5 females, mean age 26.3 ± 1.56 years). In these subjects, the range of motion (ROM) of ankle, knee, hip, elbow and shoulder were measured with a double-armed goniometer. Moreover, abnormalities of supraspinatus, patellar and Achilles tendons were evaluated with a standardized ultrasound (US) procedure. A significant reduction in the mobility of all joints was found in elderly subjects, compared to younger ones, with exception for the knee and elbow flexion. Elderly patients with diabetes, compared with their age-matched counterpart, showed LJM for ankle dorso- and plantar flexion, hip flexion and adduction, shoulder abduction and flexion. Moreover, tendons sonographic abnormalities were more frequently observed in diabetics. Our data confirm that diabetes worsens the LJM in the elderly, increasing the cross-linking of collagen by the non-enzymatic advanced glycation end products formation.     

Support system of Lisfranc joint complex: An anatomical investigation with an evolutionary perspective

BackgroundThe anatomical arrangement of the Lisfranc joint between the midfoot and forefoot is complex and not just critical for bipedal gait but also for prevention, management, and rehabilitation of injuries in this region.Material and methodsIn forty adult cadaveric lower limbs, the Lisfranc mortise, the ligaments and supports were observed and noted.ResultsThe structural arrangement that accords stability to the joint has osseous, ligamentous, and tendinous components. A bony mortise, which is deep medially, disrupts the linearity of the joint line. An extensive Lisfranc ligament with confluent interosseous and plantar parts was observed. Tibialis posterior, peroneus Longus and Lisfranc ligament exhibit a unique anatomical arrangement that supports the joint inferiorly.ConclusionThe study documents a unique lattice of tendons and ligament offering dynamic support to the joint. Demands of assumption of erect posture and bipedal walking in humans like adduction of the first ray of the foot, maintenance of longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot and ability stiffen midfoot for efficient forefoot take-off are well reflected in the joint structure and supports.     

Factors affecting orthosis adherence after acute traumatic hand tendon repairs: A prospective cohort study

IntroductionCustom-made orthoses are used to prevent contractures and reinjury of tissues such as tendon rupture after traumatic tendon repairs. Despite their wide usage in hand rehabilitation, orthosis adherence is usually an overlooked problem.Purpose of the StudyThis study aims to evaluate the possible factors affecting the orthosis adherence in patients with acute traumatic tendon repairs.Study DesignThis is a prospective cohort study.MethodsTwo hundred twelve patients with acute traumatic hand tendon repair were included in this prospective cohort study. Patients were evaluated on the third day postoperatively and at three weeks. All patients were told to wear their orthosis 24 h a day for three weeks and allowed to take it off to wash the hand carefully once a day. Adherence was measured as fully adherent, partially adherent, and nonadherent. Factors that may affect orthosis adherence were evaluated according to the five dimensions of the multidimensional adherence model including socioeconomic, condition-related, treatment-related, patient-related, and health-care system–related factors. The Modified Hand Injury Severity Scale was used to assess the severity of the injury. Depression and anxiety symptoms were evaluated with the Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed for orthosis adherence.ResultsOne hundred thirty-three patients were analyzed. Forty-four (33.1%) patients were fully adherent with the prescribed orthosis, whereas 67 (50.4%) were partially adherent and 22 (16.5%) were nonadherent. Higher depression symptoms caused orthosis nonadherence [odds ratio = 1.2 (95% confidence interval = 1.1-1.3), P = .001] and partial adherence [odds ratio = 1.1 (95% confidence interval = 1.0-1.2), P = .01].ConclusionsAmong our patients with acute traumatic tendon repair, only one-third of the patients were fully adherent with the orthosis wear program. Depression in the very acute period of injury impaired orthosis adherence.     

不同剂量A型肉毒毒素肌注对脑卒中后肌痉挛患者肌力和步行功能的影响

目的探讨不同剂量A型肉毒毒素肌注对脑卒中后肌痉挛患者肌力和步行功能的影响。方法前瞻性选取延安大学咸阳医院2015年8月至2017年8月收治的96例卒中后恢复期患者,按随机数表法分为大剂量组、中剂量组与小剂量组,各32例。三组均在常规康复训练基础上联合A型肉毒毒素肌注治疗其中大剂量组注射剂量400 U,中剂量组300 U/,小剂量组200 U,浓度均为50 U/ml。比较三组A型肉毒毒素起效时间与持续时间,治疗前与治疗后3个月的肌力恢复情况(采用改良A shworth分级评分评价)、步行功能(采用Holden步行功能评估)、10 m步行时间与日常生活能力(应用改良Barthel指数评估)、临床神经功能缺损程度(采用NDS评分)及不良反应总发生率。结果大剂量组起效时间明显较中剂量组与小剂量组更快,持续时间较中剂量组与小剂量组更长(P<0.05)。三组治疗前的Ashworth评分、Holden评分、10 m步行时间与BI指数的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后3个月三组Ashworth评分与10 m步行时间均较治疗前显著减小、Holden评分与BI指数较治疗前显著增大(P<0.05)。大剂量组治疗后3个月的Ashworth评分与10 m步行时间显著低于中剂量组与小剂量组、Holden评分与BI指数显著高于中剂量组与小剂量组(P<0.05)。治疗后3个月三组NDS评分均较治疗前显著减小(P<0.05)。大剂量组治疗后3个月的NDS评分显著低于中剂量组与小剂量组(P<0.05)。大剂量组与中剂量组不良反应总发生率9.38%与3.13%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论A型肉毒毒素可促进卒中后肌痉挛患者肌力与步行功能的恢复,提高日常生活能力,且大剂量组应用的起效时间最快、持续时间最长,效果最优,同时不良反应未见明显增加,为最佳应用剂量。