输尿管软镜内切开引流术及后腹腔镜 下囊肿去顶术的疗效对比研究

目的 对比经尿道输尿管软镜下肾囊肿内切开引流术和后腹腔镜下肾囊肿去顶术临床疗效。方法 选取40例肾囊肿患者。年龄44~75岁，平均年龄61岁，随机分为两组，即实验组（输尿管软镜下内切开引流肾囊肿）和对照组（后腹腔镜下肾囊肿去顶术），观察两组患者治疗效果、并发症及术后随访结果。结果 两组手术均成功，对照组因为1例患者粘连比较严重而改为开放手术，术中术后均无明显的并发症，术后复查CT或者B超提示肾囊肿消失或直径缩小至术前一半以上。而术中的手术时间，术中出血量，术后疼痛分数及术后住院时间方面，实验组均优于对照组，差异均有显性（P <0.05）。随访12个月，期间，两组未发现肾囊肿复发。结论 经尿道输尿管软镜技术治疗肾囊肿（与肾集合系统毗邻的肾囊肿）具有近期微创，安全，有效，无痛苦，并发症少，住院时间短，恢复快，美容效果极佳的疗效，但远期效果需要进一步观察。     

RPLU、FURL及PCNL治疗输尿管上段嵌顿性结石的疗效研究

目的探讨后腹腔镜切开取石术（retroperitoneal laparoscopic lithotomy，RPLU）、输尿管软镜碎石清石术（lithotripsy with flexible ureteroscope，FURL）及经皮肾镜碎石清石术（percutaneous nephrolithotomy，PCNL）种不同方法治疗输尿管上段嵌顿性结石的疗效，以明确直径大于1.5 cm的输尿管上段嵌顿性结石的最佳处理方案。 方法回顾性分析159例输尿管上段嵌顿性结石，收集其术前术中资料，按术式不同分为RPLU组56例、FURL组55例、PCNL组48例。对手术时间、术后住院时间、结石清除率、术后并发症等数据进行统计学分析。 结果FURL组手术时间和术后住院时间明显短于RPLU组和PCNL组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。RPLU组术后3 d和术后1个月的结石清除率（100%，100%）稍高于FURL组（90.9%，94.5%）和PCNL组（93.8%，93.8%），3组患者术后无严重并发症出现，差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 结论3种不同手术方法治疗嵌顿性输尿管上段结石均安全有效，FURL组手术时间及住院时间更短，患者术后恢复更快，更具有优势。     

应用计算机流体力学技术评估症状性颅内动脉狭窄患者卒中复发风险的研究

目的 评估基于计算机流体力学（computational fluid dynamics，CFD）技术的无创血流动力学参数与缺血性卒中复发之间的关系。      

Dendritic cells: therapy and imaging

Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) play a major role in cell-mediated immunotherapy. In this approach, DCs are isolated from cancer patients and pulsed with exogenous and specific tumor antigens in vitro, and the antigen-loaded DCs are then transferred to the hosts to enhance the immune response against tumor targets. Clinical observations and animal studies have shown that tumors can elicit immune responses caused by tumor infiltration of T-lymphocytes. Several pilot clinical trials have been recently conducted using this strategy for treating several types of cancers. Objective: To optimize DC-based therapy with emerging molecular imaging techniques. Methods: A review of the most current literature on DCs and imaging work. Results/conclusion: The translational application of DC-based therapy can be supported greatly through molecular imaging. New discoveries on DC migration and behavior in vivo will lead to new advances in the treatment of a broad range of cancers.     

输尿管负压吸引鞘在输尿管软镜碎石术中的价值探讨

目的探讨输尿管负压吸引鞘在输尿管软镜碎石术治疗肾结石中的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析96例行输尿管软镜碎石术治疗肾结石患者的临床资料,应用输尿管负压吸引鞘46例(治疗组),未应用50例(对照组),比较两组患者的结石清除率、手术时间、肾盂内压、术后肾绞痛、石街形成情况、术后全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)、降钙素原(PCT)浓度、白细胞计数、住院时间、住院费用和治疗有效率。结果治疗组肾盂内压在最小值、最大值和平均值方面均明显小于对照组(P0.05);在1个月后检查发现,对照组患者治疗有效率为70.0%,清除率为82.0%,而治疗组患者治疗有效率为84.7%,清除率95.6%,治疗组患者结石治疗有效率和清除率明显优于对照组(P0.05);治疗组和对照组手术时间分别为(86.3±5.2)和(108.6±3.5)min,治疗组明显短于对照组(P0.05);对照组和治疗组术后肾绞痛例数分别为13和2例(P0.05);对照组和治疗组术后石街形成例数分别为11和2例(P0.05);对照组和治疗组术后SIRS分别为10和2例,治疗组术后肾绞痛和石街形成、SIRS例数均明显低于对照组(P0.05);对照组和治疗组住院时间分别为(8.8±1.1)和(7.7±1.2)d,住院费用分别为(23 067.5±392.8)和(21 957.3±378.6)元,治疗组住院时间和住院费用与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);对照组和治疗组术后PCT分别为(1.5±0.3)和(0.3±0.1)ng/ml,白细胞计数分别为(14.6±0.5)×109/L和(6.4±0.6)×109/L,术后治疗组患者PCT和白细胞计数明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论输尿管负压吸引鞘在输尿管软镜碎石术治疗肾结石中安全、有效,缩短手术时长,同时提高结石清除率,减少不良反应发生,应当推广。     

Clinical Outcomes in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Atrial Fibrillation Presentations in GARFIELD-AF: Implications for AF Screening

BackgroundAsymptomatic atrial fibrillation is often detected incidentally. Prognosis and optimal therapy for asymptomatic compared with symptomatic atrial fibrillation is uncertain. This study compares clinical characteristics, treatment, and 2-year outcomes of asymptomatic and symptomatic atrial fibrillation presentations.MethodsGlobal Anticoagulant Registry in the Field-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is a global, prospective, observational study of newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation with ≥1 stroke risk factors (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, unique identifier: NCT01090362). Patients were characterized by atrial fibrillation-related symptoms at presentation and the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score. Two-year follow-up recorded anticoagulation patterns (vitamin K antagonist, direct oral anticoagulants, parenteral therapy) and outcomes (stroke/systemic embolism, all-cause mortality, and bleeding).ResultsAt presentation, of 52,032 eligible patients, 25.4% were asymptomatic and 74.6% symptomatic. Asymptomatic patients were slightly older (72 vs 70 years), more often male (64.2% vs 52.9%), and more frequently initiated on anticoagulation ± antiplatelets (69.4% vs 66.0%). No difference in events (adjusted hazard ratios, 95% confidence interval) for nonhemorrhagic stroke/systemic embolism (1.19, 0.97-1.45), all-cause mortality (1.06, 0.94-1.20), or bleeding (1.02, 0.87-1.19) was observed. Anticoagulation was associated with comparable reduction in nonhemorrhagic stroke/systemic embolism (0.59, 0.43–0.82 vs 0.78, 0.65–0.93) and all-cause mortality (0.69, 0.59-0.81 vs 0.77, 0.71-0.85) in asymptomatic versus symptomatic, respectively.ConclusionsMajor outcomes do not differ between asymptomatic and symptomatic atrial fibrillation presentations and are comparably reduced by anticoagulation. Opportunistic screening-detected asymptomatic atrial fibrillation likely has the same prognosis as asymptomatic atrial fibrillation at presentation and likely responds similarly to anticoagulation thromboprophylaxis.     

气管支气管支架置入的临床应用(附5例报告)

目的观察经纤维支气管镜国产镍钛记忆合金大气道支架置入的近期疗效。方法5例气管支气管狭窄,在电视透视下行经纤支镜气管支气管支架置入术。结果一次性放置成功4例。5例均扩张良好,4例呼吸困难立即缓解,缺氧症状改善;1例左主支气管内膜结核致伴左肺阻塞性肺气肿患者,复查左肺阻塞性肺气肿消失。结论经纤支镜大气道支架置入治疗大气道重度狭窄安全、有效。