“支柱块”置入与球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年胸腰椎压缩骨折的疗效观察

目的分析"支柱块"置入与球囊扩张椎体后凸成形方法在老年胸腰椎压缩骨折患者治疗中的效果。方法将2012年1月~2013年6月期间150例老年胸腰椎压缩骨折患者依据随机数字表法分为两组,实验组使用"支柱块"置入治疗,对照组采用球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗,观察两组效果。结果实验组与对照组手术时间、失血量之间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组24 h疼痛目测类评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 "支柱块"置入与球囊扩张椎体后凸成形方法均对老年胸腰椎压缩骨折患者的影响小,且二者各具优点,依据患者具体状况进行选择。     

Evaluation of coronary subclavian steal syndrome using sestamibi imaging and duplex scanning with observed vertebral subclavian steal

Coronary subclavian steal is defined as retrograde blood flow from the myocardium through the internal mammary artery graft, secondary to a proximal subclavian artery stenosis. The incidence of this syndrome in patients undergoing internal mammary artery grafts for coronary artery bypass is estimated to be 0.44%. Angiography remains the definitive diagnostic test for confirming this condition. We describe a noninvasive method for evaluating coronary subclavian steal syndrome in a 57-year-old man, with a 50-55% subclavian stenosis confirmed by angiography. Noninvasive evaluation using duplex scanning demonstrated normal vertebral artery blood flow. Technetium 99m-sestamibi (99mTc) imaging confirmed a fixed anterolateral defect. When left-arm isometric exercise was employed, retrograde vertebral artery blood flow was observed by Doppler imaging. A repeat 99mTc-sestamibi study documented an increase in tracer distribution in the anterolateral defect confirming reperfusion of the myocardium through the left internal mammary artery graft. The use of duplex scanning and 99mTc-sestamibi may serve as an adjunct in evaluating coronary subclavian steal syndrome as well as documenting transient vertebral subclavian steal in this patient population.     

Doppler reference values of the fetal vertebral and middle cerebral arteries,at 19–41 weeks gestation

Objectives: Blood flow to the fetal brain is supplied by two vascular systems: the vertebral artery (VA) and the internal carotid artery with its anatomical continuation, the middle cerebral artery (ICA/MCA). In this work, our aim was to establish consistent reference values for the comparative study of both arterial systems.

Methods: The study group consisted of 2323 Doppler examinations of the VA, MCA and UA performed on 2323 single pregnancies between 19 and 41 weeks. These values were afterwards used to calculate the pulsatility index (PI), peak systolic velocity (PSV) and cerebro-placental ratio (CPR) percentiles.

Results: The VA and MCA PI reached maximum values at the end of the second trimester and decreased afterwards due to an increase in the diastolic flow. Conversely, the VA and MCA PSV increased progressively until the end of pregnancy. Regarding the VA and MCA CPR values, they were higher in the middle of the third trimester and decreased afterwards.

Conclusions: In both arterial systems, Doppler reference values have been calculated for the PI, PSV and CPR, being available for future comparative studies.     

胸腰椎单节段压缩骨折PKP与传统手术治疗对比分析

目的：探讨经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗胸腰椎单节段压缩骨折中的临床效果及应用价值。方法选择单节段胸腰椎压缩骨折患者56例进行回顾性研究分析,根据患者手术方式不同分为观察组（n=18）和对照组（n=38）。观察组采用闭合复位经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术,对照组采用切开复位椎弓根螺钉钉棒系统内固定治疗,记录2组治疗及随访情况。结果（1）观察组手术时间、术中出血量、术后患者下地时间、住院天数、并发症发生率优于对照组,组间对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。（2）观察组术后疼痛评分、术后2个月时生活能力评分优于对照组,组间对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。(3)观察组、对照组术前测量Cobb角较术后Cobb角均有明显改善（P＜0.05）;术前Cobb角组间对比无统计学差异,术后Cobb角组间对比观察组优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论采用经皮穿刺球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术应用在单节段胸腰椎压缩骨折患者中能够有效减轻患者疼痛感,提高患者活动能力,有效恢复伤锥高度,矫正后凸畸形,缩短手术时间、患者术后下床时间及住院时间,减少并发症发生,值得在临床大力推广使用。     

儿童动脉缺血性脑卒中研究进展

儿童动脉缺血性脑卒中(AIS)是重要的全球健康问题。近年来多项国际合作研究的开展使儿童AIS的诊疗有了重要进展。文章对儿童AIS的诊疗新进展进行综述,主要内容包括脑动脉病的分类和诊治进展、AIS相关基因及再灌注治疗三个方面。     

基于影像学特征对骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折病人经皮椎体成形术后同椎体再发骨折的预测研究

目的 探讨基于影像学特征对骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折（OVCF）病人经皮椎体成形术（PVP）后的列线图模型预测术椎椎体再发骨折的价值。 方法 回顾性纳入急性OVCF并行PVP后的病人93例。所有病人均行X线及MRI检查,根据椎体再发骨折诊断标准将病人分为再发骨折组（48例）和无再发骨折组（45例）。采用t检验和卡方检验比较2组间临床资料及影像特征的差异,对差异有统计学意义的指标进行多因素Logistic回归分析,获取再发骨折的独立危险因素,采用R软件建立列线图模型并绘制其校准曲线。采用受试者操作特征（ROC）曲线评估模型的预测效能,计算ROC曲线下面积（AUC）。应用校准曲线对列线图模型进行验证。 结果 再发骨折组的椎体高度恢复率、延伸至终板的骨折线、椎体内裂隙（IVC）、骨水泥周围积液及骨水泥-终板未接触（NPEC）与无再发骨折组的差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析显示延伸至终板的骨折线[优势比（OR）=3.232]、存在IVC（OR=27.117）和NPEC（OR=1.993）及较高的椎体高度恢复率（OR=2.943）为同椎体再发骨折的独立危险因素（均P<0.05）。存在延伸至终板的骨折线的椎体骨质前份前移距离[（3.12±2.62） mm]大于无延伸者[（1.67±2.18） mm]（P<0.05）。与不存在IVC病人相比,存在IVC病人的椎体高度恢复率（分别为7.19%±8.60%和12.63%±11.81%）和NPEC发生率[78.38%（58/74）和94.74%（18/19）]均更高（P<0.05）。列线图模型预测再发骨折的AUC为0.860,敏感度0.792,特异度0.844。校准曲线显示列线图预测概率与实际概率一致性尚可。 结论 基于影像学特征建立的列线图模型能够预测术椎椎体再发骨折。     

Osteoporosis in children and young adults

Osteoporosis is a major public health problem with serious long-term complications. In children, the definition of osteoporosis is not only based on densitometric criteria but also takes into account vertebral and long bone fragility fractures. Several factors, such as long-term high-dose steroids, chronic inflammation, malnutrition, immobility, lack of sex steroids, and medication can reduce bone density and increase the risk for fragility fractures when left untreated. Also, genetic conditions can predispose to primary bone fragility disorders, with osteogenesis imperfecta being the most common. Furthermore, since the growing skeleton is at an increased rate of bone remodeling, the ability to heal long bone fractures and reshape vertebral fractures differentiates children from adults. The scope of this chapter is to review the risk factors of osteoporosis and fragility fractures and describe the commonest causes of primary and secondary osteoporosis and their management in children and young adults.     

养血清脑颗粒联合尼莫地平治疗颈性眩晕的临床研究

目的 研究养血清脑颗粒联合尼莫地平片治疗颈性眩晕的临床疗效。方法 选取2019年2月-2020年2月天津市第一中心医院收治的100例颈性眩晕患者,将所有患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各50例。对照组患者口服尼莫地平片,1片/次,3次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服养血清脑颗粒,1袋/次,3次/d。两组患者持续治疗10 d。观察两组患者临床疗效,比较两组的临床症状缓解时间、椎动脉型颈椎病功能评定量表（FS-CSA）评分、椎动脉血流速度和血清内皮素（ET）、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）水平。结果 治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为78.00%、96.00%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,治疗组患者眩晕、前庭功能受损、耳蜗症状、自主神经症状消失时间显著短于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组FS-CSA评分显著降低,椎动脉血流速度显著升高（P<0.05）;并且治疗组FS-CSA评分和椎动脉血流速度改善较明显（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组血清ET水平显著降低,CGRP水平显著升高（P<0.05）;并且治疗组血清ET和CGRP水平改善较明显（P<0.05）。结论 养血清脑颗粒联合尼莫地平片用于治疗颈性眩晕能够缩短临床症状缓解时间,升高椎动脉血流速度,改善患者临床症状和血清ET、CGRP水平。     

骨瓜提取物注射液对骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者疼痛缓解及骨密度的影响

目的探析骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者应用骨瓜提取物注射液对疼痛及骨密度的影响。方法对2017年1月~2018年12月在某院进行治疗的84例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者进行分组研究,采用抽签法分为对照组(n=42)与研究组(n=42)。对照组应用锝[99Tc]亚甲基二膦酸盐注射液治疗,在此基础上,研究组联合应用骨瓜提取物注射液治疗,对比两组临床疗效及疼痛程度、骨密度、骨钙素水平变化。结果研究组临床总有效率为95.24%,对照组为78.57%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组治疗2个月、6个月后疼痛评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组治疗6个月后骨密度大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组治疗6个月后骨钙素水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者应用骨瓜提取物注射液治疗,可进一步提高临床效果,缓解疼痛,增加骨密度。     

血管内介入治疗椎动脉颅内段夹层动脉瘤

目的 探讨血管内介入治疗椎动脉颅内段夹层动脉瘤（IVADA）的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2018年12月采用血管内介入技术治疗的24例IVADA的临床资料。结果 23例为单侧椎动脉夹层动脉瘤,1例为双侧椎动脉夹层动脉瘤。25枚夹层动脉瘤中,支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞18枚,单纯双支架治疗2枚,闭塞夹层动脉瘤及载瘤动脉治疗5枚;术后即刻造影显示Raymond分级Ⅰ级16枚,Ⅱ级8枚,Ⅲ级1枚。术后随访6~18个月,改良Rankin量表评分0~2分23例,3分1例;DSA复查显示2例复发,考虑相对稳定,继续随访观察。结论 血管内介入治疗IVADA疗效显著,但具体栓塞方法应进行个体化选择。