Selective dorsal rhizotomy: long-term experience from Cape Town

Introduction Given the large number of cerebral palsy patients who have undergone selective dorsal rhizotomy in the past two decades, it is clearly imperative that the clinical community be provided with objective and compelling evidence of the long-term sequelae of the procedure. Materials and methods In the early 1980s, Peacock in Cape Town shifted the site of the rhizotomy from the conus medullaris to the cauda equina, and in the past 25 years, more than 200 children have been operated on. We have studied the incidence of spinal deformities after multiple-level laminectomy and recorded a 20% incidence of isthmic spondylolysis or grade-I spondylolisthesis. We have also conducted a long-term prospective gait analysis study on a cohort of 14 ambulatory patients who were operated on in 1985. Results Ten years after surgery, our patients had increased ranges of motion that were within normal limits. Step length was significantly improved, although cadence was unchanged postoperatively and was significantly less than normal age-matched control subjects. Discussion We have recently tracked down all 14 patients from the original cohort and are currently completing a 20-year prospective follow-up analysis of their neuromuscular function and gait. Our preliminary data suggest that selective dorsal rhizotomy is not only an effective method for alleviating spasticity but it also leads to long-term functional benefits.     

350例脊髓血管畸形介入治疗的护理分析

目的探讨护理工作在脊髓血管畸形介入治疗中的价值。方法通过对我院介入中心350例脊髓血管畸形患者介入治疗,针对脊髓血管畸形患者的临床特点和介入治疗方法的适应证、操作过程和预后等特点,从护理学的角度对术前、术中、术后等阶段进行讨论分析。结果术前进行有效的心理护理和健康教育;术中与介入医生及技术操作人员进行有机的配合、熟练使用输液微量泵、准确使用相关药物及认真观察病情变化;术后对患者进行严密的护理观察,可减少并发症的发生,将有助于该手术的成功。结论介入护理工作对脊髓血管畸形介入治疗手术的成败起着至关重要的作用。     

小干扰RNA干扰大鼠神经元Nogo受体mRNA表达的实验研究

目的观察大鼠Nogo受体(NgR)特异性小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA)在原代神经元干扰其mRNA表达的效果。方法体外培养大鼠原代皮层和海马细胞,应用阳离子脂质体转染试剂转染4对化学合成的大鼠NgR特异性siRNA,72h后提取细胞总RNA,实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测NgR mRNA表达情况。结果4对siRNA均能够下调靶基因NgR的mRNA表达水平,siNgR199、siNgR562、siNgR772和siNgR964等干扰后,NgR mRNA的表达分别为对照siRNA干扰组的6.5%、62.4%、15.2%和6.86%,与对照siRNA干扰组比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论化学合成的NgR特异性siRNA能够有效的干扰大鼠原代皮层和海马细胞内NgR基因mRNA的表达水平。     

Intravenous Iloprost: A New Therapeutic Option for Patients with Post-Transplant Distal Limb Syndrome (PTDLS)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of intravenous iloprost as a novel therapy for the treatment of post-transplant distal limb syndrome (PTDLS). PTDLS is a benign but disabling complication in the first year after renal transplantation. It is characterized by bilateral, often incapacitating pain in the feet and or knees on motion and a significant rise in alkaline phosphatase levels on laboratory evaluation. On MRI, bone marrow edema of the affected bone regions can be demonstrated. PTDLS differs from steroid induced osteonecrosis of the hip in terms of localization, an average cumulative steroid dosage within expected limits, and a benign outcome, as PTDLS does not progress to overt cell necrosis. From August 2003 to April 2005 we treated 10 patients with MRI-proven diagnosis of PTDLS following a standardized regimen of intravenous iloprost over 5 days. Iloprost led to prompt pain relief measured on a visual analogous scale (VAS) ranging from 1 to 10 (5.6 +/- 1.5 before vs. 2.1 +/- 1.3 after treatment, p = 0.0004). PTDLS represents a benign but disabling complication following renal transplantation. Intravenous iloprost might be a promising therapeutic concept leading to a quick relief of symptoms without relevant side effects.     

皮下环精索封闭疗法治疗急性附睾-睾丸炎疗效观察

目的评价急性附睾-睾丸炎皮下环精索封闭疗法的疗效.方法对80例急性附睾-睾丸炎病例随机分为两组,对照组给予传统治疗方法,而治疗组除了传统疗法外,加用皮下环精索封闭治疗.结果治疗组所有患者1～3d内发热、疼痛症状缓解,4～6 d内附睾睾丸肿胀明显减退,97.5%的病例2周内治愈;而对照组40%的患者1～3d内发热、疼痛症状缓解,75%的患者4～6d内附睾睾丸肿胀减退,80%患者2周内治愈,治疗组疗效优于对照组.结论皮下环精索封闭疗法可以迅速缓解临床症状,缩短病程,提高治愈率,是治疗急性附睾-睾丸炎的有效方法.     

后路椎间融合术治疗成人腰椎滑脱的前瞻性研究

目的前瞻性比较采用自体髂骨块和椎间融合器治疗成人腰椎滑脱的效果。方法自1998年2月～2002年2月治疗78例腰椎滑脱患者,所有患者均行椎弓根螺钉固定、后路椎间融合术,根据椎间融合材料的不同,前瞻性将患者随机分为融合器组36例(采用后方斜向单枚椎间融合器)和自体骨组42例(采用自体髂骨块)。男33例,女45例;年龄35～59岁,平均43岁。其中Ⅰ度滑脱29例,Ⅱ度滑脱39例,Ⅲ度滑脱10例。比较两组患者的基本情况、临床效果和影像学结果(融合率和手术节段椎间隙高度的变化)。结果术后随访2年～3年7个月,平均35个月。两组在性别、年龄、滑脱程度、手术时间、失血量以及住院时间上差异无显著性,两组患者均无严重并发症。融合器组优良率为88.8%,自体骨组为83.2%(P=0.99)。术后1年融合器组的融合率为86.1%,自体骨组为83.3%,两组间差异无显著性意义(P=0.87);最终随访时椎间隙高度融合器组平均减少1.7 mm,自体骨组平均减少2.6 mm,两组间差异有非常显著性意义(t=1.38,P< 0.005)。结论采用自体骨为植骨材料者术后椎间隙高度丢失明显增加,但两组之间融合率和临床优良率差异无显著性。椎间融合器和自体髂骨块均可以作为腰椎滑脱后路椎间融合的植骨材料,临床疗效好。     

常压及控制性降压下脊髓急性牵拉损伤比较研究

目的 评价控制性降压是否增加脊髓对牵拉损伤的易感性。材料与方法健康成年杂种犬6只，随机分为常压和控制性降压脊髓牵拉损伤组。观察常压及控制性降压水平下相同程度牵拉损伤后脊髓血流(SCBF)、体感诱发电位(SEP)、神经源性运动诱发电位(NMEP)改变的差异。结果 外周血有创动脉压(MABP)平均下降幅度为40．5％。经SSPS统计软件独立样本t检验，不同牵拉水平下，常压组及低压组的SCBF(％)、SEP波幅(Asep)(％)及NMEP波幅(％)无显著差异。结论 尼卡地平控制性降压不增加脊髓对牵拉损伤的易感性。     

单节段与双节段椎弓根螺钉固定胸腰椎单椎体骨折的生物力学比较

目的:比较单节段与双节段椎弓根螺钉固定术固定胸腰椎单椎体骨折的生物力学效果。方法:在16具新鲜小牛胸腰椎标本(T11-L3)的L1椎体上制作不完全爆裂骨折模型,分为两组,分别行单节段与双节段椎弓根螺钉固定,对固定后的标本施加扭矩为4Nm的疲劳载荷共2000次,加载频率为0.5Hz,经脊柱三维运动测量系统测量正常、损伤、固定和周期性加载后固定节段前屈/后伸、左/右侧弯和左/右旋转运动时固定节段的运动范围。结果:单节段固定组前屈、后伸、侧屈、旋转稳定指数(SPI)分别为0.78、0.80、0.92、0.83,双节段固定组SPI分别为0.88、0.89、0.95、0.85,在前屈方向单节段固定组明显小于双节段固定组(P<0.01);疲劳后,单节段固定组SPI在前屈、后伸、侧屈、旋转方向分别降低0.05、0.03、0.05、0.11,降低值均大于双节段固定组,且在旋转和侧屈方向有显著性差异(旋转:P<0.01;侧屈:P<0.05)。结论:两种术式均可重建脊柱骨折即刻稳定性,效果无明显差异。在旋转、侧屈方向,双节段椎弓根螺钉固定术抗疲劳载荷效果优于单节段固定术。     

MMP-9及TIMP-1在大鼠感染性脑水肿的表达及意义

目的探讨MMP-9及TIMP-1在大鼠感染性脑水肿的表达及意义。方法应用免疫组织化学方法（SP法）检测大鼠急性感染性脑水肿模型中MMP-9及TIMP-1的表达情况及其比值变化。结果MMP-9及TIMP-1在LPS组各时间点表达均高于对照纽且各时间点MMP-9／TIMP-1比值均明显升高（P〈0．05）。结论MMP-9及TIMP-1可能参与了感染性脑水肿的发生和发展。     

鞘内注射吗啡加可乐定对切口痛大鼠脊髓背角蛋白激酶A催化亚单位表达的影响

Objective To observe the effect of intrathecal clonidine plus morphine on expression of protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn in a rat model of incisional pain. Methods Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into five groups: sham group, control group, pre-incisional morphine 2.5 μg group, pro-incisional clonidine 5 μg group and preincisional morphine 2.5 μg plus clonidine 5 lag group (n=16). lntrathecal catheter and the model of incisional pain were pro-duced according to Yaksh and Brennan's described method respectively. Changes of pain behavior were assessed by mechanical with-drawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL). The expressions of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn were assessed by immunohistochemical method and western blotting analysis. Results Compared with sham group, MWT and TWL in control group were decreased significantly at 2 h after incision (P<0.01) and the number of positive cells and protein expression of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn were increased significantly in control group (P<0.01). Compared with control group, MWT and TWL in pre-incision morphine 2 μg plus clonidine 5 lag group were increased significantly at 2 h after incision (P<0.01) and the number of positive cells and protein expression of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn were decreased significantly in pre-incision morphine 2 μg plus clonidine 5 μg group (P<0.01). However, MWT, TWL and the number of positive cells and pro-tein expression of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn changed with no statistical significance in pre-incisional morphine 2.5 μg group and pre-incisional clonidine 5 μg group compared with control group. Conclusion lntrathecal clonidine significantly enhances the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal morphine in a rat model of incisional pain, which might be associated with inhibi-tion of the increased expression of PKA catalytic subunit in spinal cord.