持续弹性外牵引矫正乳头内陷

目的 探索一种行之有效的、微创的乳头内陷矫正方法。方法 用钢丝、弹簧和塑料注射器制成弹性可调式的乳头内陷矫治器，利用弹性牵引作用，持续牵拉内陷乳头3～6个月。结果 14例患者均得以矫正，并获得良好的近期效果。1例患者因左侧乳头内陷严重，治疗2周时钢丝接近脱出乳头而更换矫治器并延长佩戴时间。随访患者6～12个月。效果稳定。结论 弹性可调式乳头内陷矫治器用于先天性乳头内陷的治疗，近期临床效果较好，为目前较佳的非手术治疗乳头内陷的方法，但其机理和远期效果还需进一步研究和观察。     

Three-dimensional spinal curvature in idiopathic scoliosis

Scoliosis is usually considered as a deformity of the spine in the frontal plane, without reference to curvatures in other planes. In this study, the three-dimensional shape of the spine of 104 patients with untreated idiopathic scoliosis (5-55 degrees Cobb) was studied by means of stereo radiographs to determine relationships between curvature of the spine in the frontal plane view, in the lateral view, and in the intermediate views. There was a weak but statistically significant correlation (r = 0.2) relating greater scoliosis with lesser kyphosis or greater lordosis. In the thoracic region, the sagittal plane spinal curvature was less than that measured in a population without scoliosis (mean difference, 7.72 +/- 9.9 degrees). Seventy-four of 76 scolioses in the upper region of the spine with lateral curvature greater than 5 degrees Cobb were kyphotic. Sixty-four of 84 curves greater than 5 degrees Cobb in the lower region were lordotic. Measuring curvatures in the plane of symmetry of the rotated apical vertebra altered these ratios to 69 of 76 kyphotic in the upper region and 68 of 84 lordotic in the lower region. The plane of maximum curvature of sections of the spine with scoliosis was not related to the plane of symmetry of the rotated apical vertebra, for in kyphotic regions of the spine the rotations of these two planes were in opposite directions. In all cases, the magnitudes of the rotations were quite different, i.e., by a factor of -0.22 for curves in thoracic region and by a factor of 0.24 for curves in the lumbar region. This implies that mechanical measures to correct this spinal deformity or to prevent progression should apply different rotations to the apex from those applied to the curve as a whole and, in opposite senses, in curves in kyphotic regions. There was no evidence of an abnormality of sagittal curvature of a magnitude to implicate it in the etiology or in the treatment.     

The relationship between jaw deformity and scoliosis

Objectives To analyze the relationship between lateral displacement of the mandible and scoliosis. Methods From April 2002 through July 2003, we examined posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs and chest X-rays from 85 patients with jaw deformities and a control group of 20 patients with no jaw deformities. To measure the lateral shift of the mandible, we drew a horizontal baseline (X axis) on the cephalogram connecting the intersection of the external margins of the orbits and the most lateral points of the greater wings of the sphenoid. A vertical baseline (Y axis) was then marked perpendicular to the X axis, intersecting the ethmoid crista galli. Then, we measured the lateral displacement of the mandibular mentum from the Y axis. Displacement to the right was designated positive; that to the left was designated negative. Cobb's method was used to measure scoliosis curves on chest X-rays; the direction of the curve was designated similarly. Results Of the 85 patients with jaw deformity, 23 (27.1%) had a Cobb angle exceeding 10°. None of the control group had scoliosis exceeding 10°. No correlation was found between the direction of mandibular displacement and the direction of scoliosis. Conclusion This study suggests a relationship between jaw deformities and scoliosis, as scoliosis was found in 27.1% of the patients with a main complaint of jaw deformity.     

接受心脏手术的Marfan综合征患者合并脊柱侧凸的特点

目的:探讨接受心脏手术治疗的Marfan综合征患者合并脊柱侧凸的患病率、侧凸程度、类型及特点。方法:回顾性总结138例进行心脏外科手术的Marfan综合征患者的X线资料,测量冠状面和矢状面Cobb角,并对数据进行统计分析。结果:58例(42.03%)患者合并脊柱侧凸,男38例,女20例,男女患病率比例为1.18∶1,其中≤10岁6例,11～20岁12例,21～30岁19例,31～40岁11例,41～50岁7例,51～60岁3例;平均冠状面Cobb角为26.8°±27.8°;胸弯36例,胸腰弯11例,腰弯2例,双弯6例,三弯3例;单弯中顶椎凸向右侧38例,凸向左侧11例;矢状面胸椎后凸平均为14.3°±13.2°,其中胸椎前凸5例,胸椎后凸不足40例,胸椎正常后凸12例,仅1例胸椎后凸45°;11例患者冠状面Cobb角>40°,平均年龄15.9岁。结论:在接受心脏手术的Marfan综合征患者中脊柱侧凸患病率为42.03%;脊柱侧凸类型多样,冠状位畸形以胸弯和胸腰弯多见,胸椎凸向右侧发生率较高,矢状位畸形以胸椎后凸不足为主;在青少年表现较为严重,需要严密的随访及手术矫形。     

完全型房室间隔缺损合并法洛四联症心内矫正术

目的总结心内矫正术治疗完全型房室间隔缺损合并法洛四联症(CAVSD-TOF)的经验. 方法从1985年1月至2002年5月,共行CAVSD-TOF心内矫正术12例,年龄6～16岁(11.1±2.8岁),采用右心房、右心室纵切口,前7例采用三片法补片,后5例用二片法补片修补房室间隔缺损,左侧房室瓣裂隙采用间断缝合,右心室流出道用跨瓣补片加宽. 结果术后早期死亡4例,前7例死亡3例,后5例死亡1例,死亡原因为严重低心排血量3例,灌注肺1例.长期随访6例,随访时间3个月至13.5年,无任何症状,NYHA心功能Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级. 结论 CAVSD-TOF采用右心房、右心室纵切口,二片法补片修补房室间隔缺损,常规间断缝合左侧房室瓣裂隙,跨瓣补片加宽右心室流出道能取得较良好的效果.     

旋转复位配合矫形鞋治疗退变性腰椎侧弯

退变性腰椎侧弯(degenerative lumbar scoliosis,DLS)是继发于腰椎间盘及腰椎骨关节退变的成人脊柱侧弯,较一般典型的腰椎骨性关节炎症状重,同时伴有明显旋转侧弯畸形,常规治疗方法疗效差。2003年9月-2005年9月采用脊柱(定点)旋转复位手法结合矫形鞋治疗77例DLS患者,近期效果满意,总结报告如下。1临床资料本组77例中,男29例,女48例;平均年龄56.5岁(45~76岁)。病程平均6个月(2个月~10年)。所有患者均有腰痛及下肢疼痛,同时伴有明显的腰脊柱侧弯,站立、行走疼痛明显,其中48例(82.3%)需要药物控制疼痛,间歇性跛行者26例(33.8%),直腿抬高试验…     

特发性脊柱侧凸患者椎旁肌中神经营养素3的表达及意义

目的:研究特发性脊柱侧凸(IS)患者椎旁肌组织中神经营养素3(Neurotrophin-3,NT-3)在核酸水平(mRNA)的表达情况。方法:随机选择19例IS患者,年龄12～19岁,平均14.3岁,Cobb角42°～80°(平均54°)。手术中取顶椎(T7～T10)凸侧、凹侧椎旁肌肉组织,采用半定量RT-PCR法检测NT-3 mRNA表达水平。取4例相同年龄段的椎间盘突出患者手术切口头端非病变部位椎旁肌肉组织作为对照。结果:对照组椎旁肌中NT-3的mRNA表达阳性率50%,相对表达量为0.0237±0.0158,IS组患者椎旁肌中表达阳性率63.16%,相对表达量为0.1213±0.0939,较对照组表达量增加(P=0.051)。9例Cobb角>50°的IS患者表达阳性率为44.44%,相对表达量0.0431±0.0359,和对照组无明显差异;10例Cobb角≤50°的IS患者中表达阳性率为80%,相对表达量为0.1604±0.0895,与对照组和Cobb角>50°的IS患者比较有明显增加(P<0.01)。结论:正常椎旁肌组织中NT-3在核酸水平微量表达,特发性脊柱侧凸患者椎旁肌组织中NT-3 mRNA表达增加,尤其在小角度IS患者中增加明显,提示IS患者中存在神经营养因子表达异常。     

Automatic algorithm for correcting motion artifacts in time-resolved two-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography using convex projections.

Time-resolved contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) may suffer from involuntary patient motion. It is noted that while MR signal change associated with motion is large in magnitude and has smooth phase variation in k-phase, signal change associated with vascular enhancement is small in magnitude and has rapid phase variation in k-space. Based upon this observation, a novel projection onto convex sets (POCS) algorithm is developed as an automatic iterative method to remove motion artifacts. The presented POCS algorithm consists of high-pass phase filtering and convex projections in both k-space and image space. Without input of detailed motion knowledge, motion effects are filtered out, while vasculature information is preserved. The proposed method can be effective for a large class of nonrigid motions, including through-plane motion. The algorithm is stable and converges quickly, usually within five iterations. A double-blind evaluation on a set of clinical MRA cases shows that a completely unsupervised version of the algorithm produces significantly better rank scores (P=0.038) when compared to angiograms produced manually by an experienced radiologist.     

The callous elbow and aging of the upper arm

The author describes his surgical approach to the problems of the aging upper arm and elbow region. Surgery at an appropriate age can prevent the progressive wrinkling of the elbow which is further aggravated by aging of the upper arm. The author's operation is aimed at correcting both portions of the arm anatomy at the same time.     

前后路联合三维矫形手术治疗青少年特发性僵硬型胸椎侧凸

目的:评价前路松解联合后路三维矫形治疗青少年特发性僵硬型胸椎侧凸的效果,探讨术中、术后并发症的预防措施。方法:青少年特发性僵硬型胸椎侧凸34例,男5例,女29例;年龄8～21岁,平均14.7岁。均为右侧凸。均采用经前路松解植骨融合联合后路三维矫形内固定治疗,其中前路经胸入路26例,胸腔镜前路松解植骨融合矫形术8例。随访时均摄全脊柱X线片。术前、术后所摄X线片进行以下各项测量指标比较:Cobb角、顶椎的旋转度、下融合椎旋转度、躯干偏移距离。随访时观察有无脊柱失平衡、假关节形成及其他并发症的发生。结果:全部病例均获随访,时间12～39个月,平均22个月。所有患者Cobb角术后平均矫正率80.62%,其中18例患者出现矫正度数丢失,丢失度数3°～10°,平均4.3°(术后平均14.2°,1年后随访平均18.5°)。所有患者术后胸椎生理性后凸得到重建。术后胸椎融合弯顶椎的旋转改善率62.91%,下融合椎旋转改善率47.60%,躯干偏移平均距离3.3mm,未见脊柱失平衡现象。围手术期并发症包括低氧血症1例,胸腔积液2例,均经保守治疗后痊愈。术后6个月肺功能检查,未见有明显下降。脊柱胸弯融合段未发现假关节形成。结论:前路松解联合后路矫形内固定植骨融合治疗青少年特发性僵硬型胸椎侧凸可明显改善顶椎的旋转度,得到满意的三维矫形效果。术前积极准备、合理手术设计,术中严格操作,术后重视预防并发症能减少手术并发症的发生。