矢状切面在妊娠早期超声筛查胎儿腭裂中的价值

目的探讨矢状切面在妊娠早期超声筛查胎儿腭裂中的价值。 方法回顾性选择2018年1月至2019年12月广东省妇幼保健院的31例妊娠早期腭裂的胎儿,分析头颈部超声检查矢状切面的异常征象,总结不同类型腭裂在矢状切面的超声表现以及其他结构异常情况。 结果（1）超声声像图表现：28例出现上颌骨间隙（90.3%,28/31）,其中14例为单侧腭裂,5例为双侧腭裂,9例为正中腭裂;27例表现为缺失“重叠线征”（87.1%,27/31）,其中正中腭裂5例,单侧腭裂15例,双侧腭裂6例,单纯腭裂1例;6例颌骨前突（19.4%,6/31）,均为双侧唇腭裂。（2）合并其他结构异常情况：妊娠早期及妊娠中期诊断腭裂病例中,合并胎儿结构异常分别占75.0%（15/20）、45.5%（5/11）,颈项透明层增厚分别占60.0%（12/20）、36.4%（4/11）。 结论矢状切面上颌间隙和缺失“重叠线征”是妊娠早期筛查胎儿腭裂的重要线索,颌骨前突是双侧腭裂的特征性超声表现。     

Relationship Between Juncturae Tendinum and Sagittal Bands

The juncturae tendinum and sagittal bands transmit precise forces through the dorsum of the hand. Both structures are integral in the mechanics of normal digital extension and in stabilization of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. Extensor tendon injury, or rupture/attenuation of sagittal bands and/or juncturae tendinum, may disrupt the kinematic chain and lead to a number of abnormal hand postures and motions. Early treatment of extensor tendon and/or sagittal band injury is dependent upon proper recognition of primary pathology. Proper evaluation and the use of special clinical tests should be implemented to rule out other pathologies. Once diagnosed, treatment may consist of relative motion splinting and standard pain/edema control measures to increase joint motion, tendon excursion, and functional use of the hand.     

退变性腰椎侧凸脊柱-骨盆矢状位影像学特点

目的 :观察退变性腰椎侧凸(DLS)患者脊柱-骨盆矢状位影像学特点,探讨脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数变化对DLS发生的影响。方法:回顾性分析103例DLS患者术前资料,男36例,女67例,年龄62.6±7.4(43~78)岁,并选取139例正常青年人群作为正常青年对照组,145例单纯颈椎病患者作为成年对照组,在脊柱全长正侧位X线片上测量各组冠状位、矢状位参数,包括L3倾斜角、侧凸Cobb角、冠状位平衡(CVA)、腰椎前凸角(LL)、矢状位平衡(SVA)、胸椎后凸角(TK)、骨盆入射角(PI)、骨盆倾斜角(PT)、骶骨倾斜角(SS)等,采用独立样本t检验比较DLS组与两对照组的各矢状位参数,并用Pearson相关分析DLS组各参数间相关性。结果:DLS组PI为50.4°±10.2°,显著高于正常青年对照组(45.1°±9.6°,P0.01)和成年对照组(46.9°±9.1°,P0.01)。与青年及成年对照组相比,DLS组LL、SS较小(P0.01),PT、SVA较大(P0.01);TK小于成年对照组(P0.01)。DLS组中合并退变性腰椎滑脱者37例(占35.9%),PI为53.1°±8.8°;无退变性腰椎滑脱者66例,PI为48.9°±10.6°,二者相比有统计学差异且均显著高于正常青年对照组(P0.05)。DLS组侧凸Cobb角与PT显著相关(P0.05),余冠状位参数与矢状位参数间未发现相关性;LL、PI、SS、PT两两之间显著相关(P0.01),LL、PT与TK显著相关(P0.01),SS与TK显著相关(P0.05),LL与SVA显著相关(P0.01)。结论 :DLS患者PI高于正常青年及颈椎病患者,高PI可能参与了DLS的发病机制;DLS患者退变、侧凸的腰椎仍存在调节矢状位平衡的能力。     

Three-dimensional study of the upper airway in different skeletal Class II malocclusion patterns

Objectives:To characterize upper airway volume and morphology in patients with different skeletal patterns of Class II malocclusion compared to Class I.Materials and Methods:A total of 197 individuals who had cone-beam computed tomography were allocated into groups according to ANB, SNA, and SNB angles (Class I, Class II maxillary protrusion, Class II mandibular retrusion), each subdivided into hypodivergent, normal, and hyperdivergent. Nasopharynx (NP), oropharynx (OP), and hypopharynx (HP) were assessed with three-dimensional image reconstruction software.Results:Intergroup comparison did not detect significant differences in volume and morphology of NP, OP, and HP. The males displayed larger OP and HP volume than the females. Positive correlations between age and NP, OP, HP volume and between craniocervical angle and OP and HP volume were observed. Linear regression analysis detected a tendency for OP and HP volume to increase as maxillary and mandibular length increased.Conclusions:Upper airway volume and morphology were similar in different skeletal patterns of Class II malocclusion. Actual upper and lower jaw lengths were more closely related to upper airway volume and morphology than the angles that reflected their position relative to the cranial base.     

心理干预在下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术后肌功能康复训练中的作用

目的:探讨心理干预在下颌升支矢状劈开截骨术(sagittal split ramus osteotomy,SSRO)矫治下颌前突畸形术后肌功能康复训练中的作用。方法:60例接受下颌升支矢状劈开术的患者随机分为实验组和对照组,2组均接受系统治疗和肌功能康复训练,实验组在此基础上增加心理干预,测量术前、术后2、4周的张口度;术前、术后4、8周的焦虑自评评分和力。结果:实验组术后4周时张口度已接近术前水平,术后8周时力接近术前水平,焦虑情绪改善,实验组各方面参数相比对照组都有明显提高。结论:系统地心理干预能有效地提高患者健康知识水平,改善认知态度,使焦虑情绪得以改善,医患配合度提高,从而提高治疗有效率。     

下颌支矢状骨劈开术数字模型的建立及不同固定方式的稳定性分析

目的:建立下颌支矢状骨劈开术数字模型,探讨3种不同固定方式的应力及位移改变.方法:CT扫描数据导入三维重建软件Mimics以及Geomagic中,建立下颌骨三维实体模型,并进行矢状劈开、坚固内固定,ANSYS进行网格划分,建立三维有限元模型.边界约束后,进行双侧下颌第一磨牙咬合力(132 N)加载.结果:建立了双侧下颌支矢状骨劈开术3种不同固定方式三维有限元模型,获得术前下颌骨及矢状骨劈开后咬合力加载的应力及位移生物力学特点.结论:下颌支矢状骨劈开术倒L形固定应力分布最均匀,劈开处位移最小,与其他2种方式相比,其固定稳定性最佳.     

应用骶骨-股骨头-耻骨角预测骨盆倾斜角的可行性

【摘要】 目的：探讨骨盆冠状面参数骶骨-股骨头-耻骨角（sacro-femoral-pubic angle,SFP）用于计算中国汉族成人骨盆倾斜角（pelvic tilt,PT）的可行性。方法：本组研究对象为37例中国汉族正常成人（男16例,女21例）,平均年龄32.6岁（18～55岁）,分为A组（男性,16例）和B组（女性,21例）。均有站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片（包含骨盆和髋臼）,在冠状面和矢状面上均能清晰显示脊柱和骨盆骨性标志。通过Image-Pro Plus 6.0图像分析软件测量PT、SFP和骶骨倾斜角（sacral slope,SS）;采用SPSS 16.0软件对PT和SFP进行相关性分析,并作SFP和PT的线性回归分析。结果：37例正常中国汉族成人中,平均SFP为69.6°±5.5°（57.8°～77.2°）,平均PT为9.8°±5.5°（2.3°～22.6°）,平均SS为31.1°±10.1°（22.1°～46.7°）。SFP和PT有显著相关性,Pearson相关系数为0.824（P<0.001）。通过线性回归分析,PT可以通过简化公式进行计算：PT=78-SFP,在±4.5°范围内,公式预测能力为78.4%。A组的SFP与PT相关性及公式预测能力比B组更好（A组：r=0.856,预测能力81.3%;B组：r=0.738,预测能力76.2%）。结论：在中国汉族成人中,当侧位X线片上股骨头显示不清,准确测量PT较困难时,可以通过公式用冠状面SFP角来计算矢状面PT值。     

成人腰椎峡部裂性滑脱症与退变性滑脱症患者脊柱骨盆矢状面形态学研究

【摘要】 目的：研究成人腰椎峡部裂性滑脱症与退变性滑脱症患者的脊柱骨盆矢状面形态。方法：选择2009年3月~2012年3月就诊且有完整影像学资料的腰椎峡部裂性滑脱症与退变性滑脱症患者共58例,其中峡部裂性滑脱（峡部裂组）29例,男9例,女20例,年龄23~67岁,Ⅰ度滑脱22例、Ⅱ度7例,L4滑脱16例、L5滑脱13例;退变性滑脱（退变组）29例,男5例,女24例,年龄45~85岁,Ⅰ度滑脱22例、Ⅱ度7例,L3滑脱3例、L4滑脱23例、L5滑脱3例。峡部裂组和退变组患者ODI评分分别为25.5分和22.0分,两组间无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。测量两组脊柱骨盆矢状面形态学指标,包括骨盆入射角（pelvic incidence,PI）、骨盆倾斜角（pelvic tilt,PT）、骶骨倾斜角（sacral slope,SS）、腰椎前凸角（lumber lordosis,LL）、胸椎后凸角（thoracic kyphosis,TK）、矢状面轴向垂直距离（sagittal vertical axis,SVA）。同时测量两组病例的腰椎滑脱角、滑脱率以及滑脱距离。采用独立样本t检验对两组患者的上述指标进行比较。结果：峡部裂组患者LL、TK和滑脱角分别为52.2°±10.9°、25.3°±11.1°、9.9°±6.4°,明显高于退变组的44.2°±15.4°、23.4°±12.6°、6.0°±3.9°（P＜0.05）;退变组患者SVA为30.6±40.6mm,明显高于峡部裂组的4.6±24.9mm（P＜0.01）。两组患者的骨盆形态学参数PI（峡部裂组53.9°±11.5°,退变组55.8°±10.8°）、PT（17.0°±8.3°,22.9°±7.2°）、SS（36.9°±8.7°,33.4°±9.9°）以及腰椎滑脱率[（21.8±9.8）%,（19.7±7.8）%]、滑脱距离（6.2±2.7mm,5.6±1.9mm）均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论：成人腰椎峡部裂性滑脱症与退变性滑脱症患者具有相似的骨盆形态,但峡部裂性滑脱症患者较退变性滑脱症患者表现为更大的胸椎后凸、腰椎前凸以及滑脱角。     

骨盆倾斜角和骶骨倾斜角在合并脊柱疾病的患者行初次全髋关节置换术中的作用

目的总结对合并脊柱疾病患者行人工全髋关节置换术(THA)髋臼假体位置与骨盆矢状面解剖参数的相关性。方法 2004年4月至2011年12月,对收治的27例(38髋)合并脊柱疾病的患者采用THA治疗,其中强直性脊柱炎24例(33髋),既往脊柱内固定史3例(5髋),左侧19髋,右侧19髋;双髋11例,单髋16例。患者25男2女;年龄21～61岁,平均40.33岁,病程0.5～20年,平均12.1年。术前Harris评分为(37.76±15.9)分。结果所有患者术后效果满意,髋关节功能均得到显著改善,术后末次随访未见下沉、松动等现象,末次随访时Harris评分为(89.54±7.64)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=-9.096,P<0.01)。所有患者矢状面解剖参数的三者之间的关系为PI=SS+PT。SS>PT组术后Harris评分为(93.31±6.37)分,而SSPT组有着较好的临床疗效,差异有统计学意义(t=-4.242,P<0.05)。术后Harris评分与SS/PI成正相关,Pearson相关性为0.682(P<0.05)。髋臼外展角和前倾角与PT成正相关,Pearson相关性分别为0.866(P<0.01)、0.82(P<0.01),与SS成负相关,Pearson相关性分别为-0.254(P>0.05)、-0.412(P>0.05)。结论对于合并脊柱疾病的患者进行THA,因为患者骨盆和脊柱对病变或内固定的代偿性改变,术前进行矢状面参数的评估,对髋臼假体最佳位置的安放及避免术后撞击、脱位有着相当重要的意义。     

SPRING-MEDIATED CRANIOPLASTY COMPARED WITH THE MODIFIED PI-PLASTY FOR SAGITTAL SYNOSTOSIS

The aim of this study was to compare the safety, morphological outcome, and degree of parental satisfaction of the new spring-mediated cranioplasty with those of the modified pi-plasty in the management of sagittal synostosis. Ten patients with non-syndromic sagittal synostosis treated with the spring-mediated cranioplasty were followed prospectively. A control group of 10 sex-matched patients operated on with the modified pi-plasty procedure was chosen. Cephalometric radiographs were obtained preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 year of age. Cephalic index, axial width ratio, length ratio, width ratio and height ratio were used as objective measures of outcome. Parents were sent a questionnaire to obtain a subjective aesthetic assessment of outcome. Significantly less blood replacement was required (p?=?0.003), and shorter duration of postoperative anaesthesia (p?=?0.030) and postoperative hospital stay (p?=?0.013) were found in the spring-mediated cranioplasty group. There were no complications or deaths in either group. Also significant was the inter-group difference in the postoperative change in the height ratio (p?=?0.030), the most change being seen in the spring group. The change in the subjective parental aesthetic evaluation of skull shape was significant in both groups. In conclusion, the spring-mediated procedure was morphologically more effective than the modified pi-plasty procedure in the management of sagittal synostosis with the additional benefits of less blood transfusion needed and shorter duration of hospital stay.