Rings and things on upper extremity radiographs of emergency patients

Rings, intravenous lines, and other objects on the injured upper extremities of trauma patients are frequently overlooked by radiology and emergency department (ED) personnel. This can impair proper radiologic evaluation of the injured extremity as well as negatively affect the quality of the patient's treatment. A 1-week sample of radiographs of injured upper extremities from the ED of University Medical Center (UMC), Tucson, Arizona, showed that 20% of the studies (19 of 95) contained at least one object on the injured upper extremity, but only one radiology report (1.1%) mentioned such an object. A review of 2489 upper extremity ED radiology reports from January to June 2002 showed only 47 reports (1.9%) that mentioned the presence of an overlying object. It is important to educate radiology department and ED personnel to remove upper extremity jewelry and place necessary medical devices on noninjured extremities. Electronic Publication     

双上颌结节区幼年性玻璃样变纤维瘤病1例及文献复习

目的探讨幼年性玻璃样变纤维瘤病临床病理特点、放射学表现及鉴别诊断。方法对1例幼年性玻璃样变纤维瘤病患者进行病理学、免疫组织化学、放射学检查和分析。结果该幼年性玻璃样变纤维瘤病患者具有较明确的临床病理学特征,细胞成分vimentin强阳性,淀粉酶消化后PAS强阳性;该患者尚具有＂类恒磨牙、成熟游离骨和颧骨颧弓发育不全＂等特殊放射学特征。结论幼年性玻璃样变纤维瘤病是一种罕见非肿瘤性的常染色体隐性遗传性疾病,好发于婴幼儿,常以头颈部皮下、牙龈、关节和骨骼内积聚大量的细胞外玻璃样物质为特点,形成多发性肿瘤样结节或肿块,可依靠病理及免疫组织化学检查确诊。     

Grading of degenerative disk disease and functional impairment: imaging versus patho-anatomical findings

Degenerative instability affecting the functional spinal unit is discussed as a cause of symptoms. The value of imaging signs for assessing the resulting functional impairment is still unclear. To determine the relationship between slight degrees of degeneration and function, we performed a biomechanical study with 18 multisegmental (L2-S2) human lumbar cadaveric specimens. The multidirectional spinal deformation was measured during the continuous application of pure moments of flexion/extension, bilateral bending and rotation in a spine tester. The three flexibility parameters neutral zone, range of motion and neutral zone ratio were evaluated. Different grading systems were used: (1) antero-posterior and lateral radiographs (degenerative disk disease) (2) oblique radiographs (facet joint degeneration) (3) macroscopic and (4) microscopic evaluation. The most reliable correlation was between the grading of microscopic findings and the flexibility parameters; the imaging evaluation was not as informative.     

Radiographic appearance of alveolar osseous defects in relation to their anatomic location

Radiographs are of limited value in the diagnosis of osseous defects. Anatomic and technical factors affect the radiographic appearance of bone lesions. This study was undertaken in order to determine whether the radiographic appearance of alveolar osseous defects depends on their location, and particularly whether there are any differences in radiographic detection between bone defects located in the maxilla or the mandible, and on the buccal or lingual aspects of the alveolar crest. Experimental bone lesions were created in the alveolar crest of a skull. Standardized periapical radiographs were obtained before and after the defects were made. After processing, pairs of radiographs were randomly mounted. Five dentists acted as observers in order to determine whether or not a change in alveolar bone was detectable at each of the five possible locations. The unpaired t test was applied for the assessment of statistically significant differences with respect to sensitivity, specificity, and positive diagnostic value in the diagnosis of bone lesions depending on their location. The results showed that the anatomic location of a lesion in the alveolar bone affected its radiographic appearance. Moreover, experimental defects were detected more often in the mandible and on the lingual surfaces of the alveolar crest.     

老年人桡骨远端骨折影像学参数测量与临床疗效的关系

目的 :通过分析老年人桡骨远端骨折患者经过保守治疗后各影像学参数和临床疗效之间的关系,从而提出老年人桡骨骨折行手法复位中最重要的影像学参数。方法:回顾性分析自2012年5月至2015年5月行保守治疗的60岁以上的桡骨远端骨折患者45例,男17例,女28例;年龄60~89岁,平均64.49岁;随访测量影像学参数以并评价临床疗效。影像学参数是在标准腕关节X线片上测量掌倾角、桡骨高度、尺骨变异、尺偏角等;腕关节临床疗效通过Dienst评分标准来评价;多因素线性回归法分析各影像参数与临床疗效的关系。结果 :45例患者均获得随访,时间12~24个月,平均17.6个月;所有桡骨远端骨折获得愈合。末次随访根据Dienst评价:优27例,良10例,可6例,差2例。影像学参数指标中桡骨高、掌倾角以及尺骨变异和自测腕关节功能有明显相关性。当桡骨高8.12 mm、掌倾角-1.64°、尺骨变异4.05 mm时,Dienst功能结果优良率较高。结论 :桡骨高、掌倾角及尺骨变异等影像学参数与老年桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效恢复有相关性,其中最重要的参数为桡骨高度,提醒术者对于老年人桡骨骨折行手法复位时复位前后尤为注意该参数。     

Radiographic methods to estimate surgical outcomes based on spinal flexibility assessment in patients who have adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A systematic review

BACKGROUND CONTEXT

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional deformity recognized with lateral curvature of the spine as well as axial vertebral rotation. Surgical interventions are recommended when patients with AIS have severe curvature (Cobb angle >45^o). Spinal flexibility is one of important parameters for surgeons to plan surgical treatment. Few radiographic methods have been developed to assess spinal flexibility.

SRS-Schwab Grade 4 osteotomy for congenital thoracolumbar kyphosis: a minimum of 2 years follow-up study

Background Context

Several osteotomy techniques including pedicle subtraction osteotomy and vertebral column resection have been employed in the correction of congenital kyphosis (CK) and satisfying outcomes have been demonstrated. However, the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-Schwab Grade 4 osteotomy, defined as resection of posterior elements, partial vertebral body, and superior adjacent disc, is rarely reported in the treatment of CK.

L4,5吻合棘并L5右侧浮动半椎板1例报告

正吻合棘(KS)是指腰椎相邻2个棘突相互靠近碰撞引起下腰痛,腰椎过伸时症状加重的一种疾病~([1])。本院2016年收治1例L_(4,5) KS并L_5右侧峡部裂及近横向脊椎隐裂致L_5右侧形成浮动半椎板的病例,现将诊疗过程报告如下。1一般资料患者,男,30岁,因"劳累后下腰部正中及右侧髂腰部疼痛加重1年"就诊。追问病史,12年前新兵训练5 km武装越野时曾出现类似症状,疼痛     

Can we assess healing of surgically treated long bone fractures on radiograph?

Purpose

To determine the frequency and causes for limitations in the radiographic evaluation of surgically treated long bone fractures.

Early invasive colorectal carcinomas with submucosal invasion: radiographic characteristics with barium double contrast images

Background: We assessed the radiographic characteristics of early colorectal carcinomas with submucosal invasion (CCSI) with the use of double-contrast images. Methods: From 1989 to 1997, 193 patients with 196 CCSI lesions underwent double-contrast barium enema examinations. Three gastrointestinal radiologists retrospectively reviewed the radiographic characteristics of the lesions and classified them as protruding and depressed types by consensus. Further, subclassifying the protruding into lobular and smooth types was accomplished on the basis of surface structure. Each type was compared with pathologic findings of resected specimens. Results: The incidence of the protruding type was 98.0%, and that of the depressed type was only 2.0%. The proportion of smooth lesions was 49.0% for the protruding type; these had a mean diameter of 17.9 mm, which was significantly smaller than the 23.1 mm mean observed for lobular lesions (p < 0.01). Of the smooth lesions, 44.7% demonstrated massive invasion, whereas 91.8% of lobular lesions exhibited only slight or moderate invasion into the submucosa (p < 0.01). The extent of invasion of the smooth lesions was greater than that for their lobular counterparts in terms of venous and lymph node involvement. Conclusion: Almost all CCSIs could be identified radiologically as protruding lesions; these had a smooth rather than a lobulated surface and demonstrated greater malignancy, despite the smaller size. It is clinically important to discriminate these from other polypoid lesions in establishing patient treatment. Double-contrast imaging is useful for evaluation of the surface characteristics of CCSIs in barium enema studies.