缺血预处理对犬脊髓损伤及热休克蛋白70表达影响的研究

目的评价缺血预处理对犬脊髓损伤及热休克蛋白70表达的影响。方法41条杂种犬随机分成假手术组6只、预处理组21只、对照组14只。预处理组主动脉阻断6min后开放6min,反复2次,之后阻断35min;对照组主动脉阻断35min。术后进行神经功能评分,检测脊髓组织中热休克蛋白70表达。结果在再灌注后6h、24h预处理组热休克蛋白70于胞质和胞核均有表达,且强于对照组;而且神经功能评分预处理组高于对照组。在再灌注后7d预处理组神经功能评分无明显改变,且仍见热休克蛋白70表达。结论缺血预处理可以增加脊髓的缺血耐受;热休克蛋白70在胞质和胞核中表达可能在缺血耐受中起到一定的作用。     

Ischemia and ischemic tolerance in the brain: an overview

Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of adult disability in the United States. This review outlines the pathways that lead to cell death following stroke, and also summarizes the current literature on the phenomenon of ischemic tolerance. Ischemic tolerance is an endogenous neuroprotective mechanism by which neurons are protected from the deleterious effects of brain ischemia that occur during and after stroke. A better understanding of the processes that lead to cell death after stroke and endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms like ischemic tolerance could help in the development of new treatment strategies for this devastating neurological disease.     

二氮嗪对黄疸大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的：研究二氮嗪对梗阻性黄疸肝脏的缺血再灌注损伤是否有保护作用。方法：采用胆总管结扎法制作梗阻性黄疸模型，雄性S—D大鼠60只，分5组：缺血再灌注损伤组（对照组），缺血30min和再灌注120min；GSH活性氧（清除剂）处理组，缺血再灌注前10min静脉注射GSH50mg／kg；二氮嗪预处理组（A、B、C）缺血再灌注前10min分别静脉注射1mg／kg、5mg／kg、10mg／kg。结果：与对照组相比，二氮嗪预处理各组血清中ALT、AST、LDH含量，细胞内MDA含量和SOD活性，肝细胞凋亡指数差异无显著性（P〉0．05），而GSH组与对照组相比，各组血清中ALT、AST、LDH含量，细胞内MDA含量和SOD活性，肝细胞凋亡指数差别具有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：二氮嗪预处理对大鼠梗阻性黄疸肝脏缺血30min再灌注120min无保护作用，GSH预处理对大鼠梗阻性黄疸肝脏缺血再灌注损伤能／提供保护作用。     

电针预处理脑保护的研究进展

背景 如何减轻脑缺血损伤仍是一个世界性的难题和亟待解决的问题.预处理和缺血耐受的发现为防治缺血性脑损伤的研究提供了新思路.目的 分析总结电针(electroacupuncture,EA)预处理脑保护的作用及其相关机制的文献资料.内容 描述了EA预处理的发现；与“逆针灸”的关系；适宜参数和作用规律和可能作用机制.趋向 E...     

缺血预处理脑保护机制研究

脑缺血预处理即给予短暂亚致死量缺血可对随后的长时间致死性缺血损伤产生耐受。各国学者就其机制进行了广泛研究并发现这与受体激活和一系列信号转导有关,涉及阿片受体、一氧化氮、腺苷、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶等信号途径、N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体、生长因子、线粒体和核生存蛋白、Toll样受体等。但具体机制尚未完全阐明且还处于动物实验阶段,如何把实验结果应用于临床是今后将要解决的问题。     

外源性三磷酸腺苷-氯化镁预处理对大鼠供肝热缺血损伤的保护作用

目的 观察三磷酸腺苷-氯化镁(ATP-MgCl2)预处理对无心跳大鼠供肝热缺血损伤的保护作用.方法 根据ATP-MgCl2预处理与否及供肝获取前经历的供体心脏停搏时间(即热缺血时间)30min或45min,将实验动物分为4组,即非预处理的30min(N-30min)组和45min(N-45min)组,以及ATP-MgCl2预处理的30min(tN-30min)组和45min(tN-45min)组行原位肝移植,观察存活状况,取材行光学显微镜及电子显微镜检查,移植术后1、3、7d 采集血样检测肝功能.结果 N-30min组和N-45min组的1周存活率分别为50.0%和16.7%,而tN-30min组和tN-45min组的1周存活率分别为83.3%和66.7%,预处理组移植肝脏的病理及肝功能明显好于非预处理组.结论 ATP-MgCl2预处理能够减轻供肝的热缺血损伤,改善肝功能,减轻病理损害,提高大鼠肝移植的存活率.     

A common mechanism in the protective effects of preconditioning, cardiac pacing and physical exercise against ischemia and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias

Ischemic preconditioning results not only in a reduction in myocardial ischemic damage, but also in a marked suppression of those ventricular arrhythmias that result from a more prolonged period of ischemia and reperfusion insult. This protection is time-dependent and occurs in two distinct phases. There is an ‘early phase’ which is apparent immediately after the preconditioning stimulus but fades quickly (within 1 h to 2 h), and a ‘delayed protection phase’ in which the antiarrhythmic protection reappears 20 h to 24 h later. In both phases, the intensity of protection largely depends on the nature of the preconditioning stimulus. This can be ischemia resulting from brief coronary artery occlusions, cardiac pacing or vigorous physical exercise. Both cardiac pacing and exercise results in a marked reduction in the incidence and severity of ischemia and reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmias 24 h later. Although the precise mechanisms of the delayed protection that results from cardiac pacing and exercise are not yet fully understood, there is some evidence that similar endogenous protective substances (such as bradykinin, prostanoids and nitric oxide), as with ischemic preconditioning, play a pivotal trigger and mediator role in this anti-arrhythmic protection.     

Regulated production of free radicals by the mitochondrial electron transport chain: Cardiac ischemic preconditioning

Excessive production of free radicals by mitochondria is associated with, and likely contributes to, the progression of numerous pathological conditions. Nevertheless, the production of free radicals by the mitochondria may have important biological functions under normal or stressed conditions by activating or modulating redox-sensitive cellular signaling pathways. This raises the intriguing possibility that regulated mitochondrial free radical production occurs via mechanisms that are distinct from pathologies associated with oxidative damage. Indeed, the capacity of mitochondria to produce free radicals in a limited manner may play a role in ischemic preconditioning, the phenomenon whereby short bouts of ischemia protect from subsequent prolonged ischemia and reperfusion. Ischemic preconditioning can thus serve as an important model system for defining regulatory mechanisms that allow for transient, signal-inducing, production of free radicals by mitochondria. Defining how these mechanism(s) occur will provide insight into therapeutic approaches that minimize oxidative damage without altering normal cellular redox biology. The aim of this review is to present and discuss evidence for the regulated production of superoxide by the electron transport chain within the ischemic preconditioning paradigm of redox regulation.     

地氟醚、七氟醚和异氟醚预处理对缺氧/复氧心肌细胞损害的保护作用

目的　研究地氟醚、七氟醚和异氟醚预处理对心肌细胞缺氧／复氧损害的保护作用。方法　原代培养乳鼠心肌细胞，随机分为对照、单纯缺氧／复氧及 １．５ＭＡＣ地氟醚、七氟醚和异氟醚预处理５组。实验结束测定乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）和肌酸激酶（ＣＫ）活性、细胞存活和凋亡率。结果　与对照组比，单纯缺氧／复氧使ＬＤＨ、ＣＫ和细胞凋亡率升高及细胞存活率显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）；１．５ＭＡＣ地氟醚、七氟醚和异氟醚预处理显著减轻ＬＤＨ、ＣＫ和细胞凋亡率升高及细胞存活率下降，其中七氟醚减轻作用最强。结论　地氟醚、七氟醚和异氟醚预处理对心肌细胞缺氧／复氧损害有一定的保护作用，七氟醚的保护作用可能更强。     

血塞通预处理对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的早期保护作用

目的观察血塞通预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注(I/R)损伤的早期保护作用,并研究其可能机制.方法采用开胸冠状动脉结扎建立缺血再灌注模型,25只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组,缺血再灌注组(I/R组),缺血预处理组(IPC组),血塞通预处理组(PNS预处理组).再灌注后2 h测定各组血清肌酸磷酸激酶-MB(CK-MB)含量以及心肌细胞凋亡情况和心肌细胞Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的表达,并观察心肌超微结构变化.结果IPC组及PNS预处理组血清CK-MB均明显低于I/R组(P＜0.05).IPC组及PNS预处理组TUNEL阳性细胞数,Bax阳性细胞数均明显低于I/R组(P＜0.05).和I/R组相比,IPC组及PNS预处理组心肌超微结构损伤减轻.结论PNS预处理后心肌细胞凋亡减少,心肌细胞损伤减轻,对I/R损伤产生有和缺血预处理类似的早期保护作用.