Sex and ancestry assessment of Brazilian crania using semi-automatic mesh processing tools

The present paper aims to test performances of semi-automatic tools for mesh-to-mesh processing while assessing sex and ancestry in documented human crania. The studied sample of 80 human crania, which originated in two documented Brazilian collections (São Paulo, Brazil) was digitized using photogrammetry and laser scanning. 3D cranial morphology was quantified by computing inter-mesh dissimilarity measures using in-house freeware FIDENTIS Analyst (www.fidentis.com). Numerical outputs were further processed using Discriminant Function Analysis and Canonical Variant Analysis in order to classify models into sex and ancestry groups. In addition, cranial morphology was described by a set of 37 landmarks, processed by a Procrustes analysis and confronted with the inter-mesh comparison. Patterns of sexual dimorphism and ancestral group-specific variation were interpreted using average meshes and further emphasized by employing advanced visualization graphics. The mesh-to-mesh processing was capable to detect shape differences related to sex and ancestry. The highest accuracy levels for sex determination were obtained for meshes representing the facial skeleton and the supraorbital region. For both, analysis correctly assigned 82.5% of the crania. Ancestry-related differences were manifested primarily in the global cranial features (observed accuracy rates reaching 63%). The advanced visualization tools provided a highly informative insight into sexual dimorphism and ancestry-related variation. While in the current state the technique cannot be considered suitable for being implemented into the everyday forensic practice, the extent of automatization proved to be perspective, especially for assessing skeletal features that cannot be properly quantified using discrete variables.     

支撑棒技术在后路胸腰椎矫形融合术治疗伴严重冠状面失衡和骨盆倾斜脊柱侧凸中的临床应用

【摘要】 目的：评价应用支撑棒（kickstand rod,KR）技术的后路胸腰椎矫形融合术治疗伴有严重冠状面失衡（coronal imbalance,CI）和骨盆倾斜（pelvic obliquity,PO）脊柱侧凸患者的矫正效果及其并发症。方法：回顾性分析2019年1月~2020年12月在我院接受后路胸腰椎矫形融合术（脊柱-骨盆融合手术）治疗的45例伴严重CI和PO的脊柱侧凸的患者资料。男性6例,女性39例,年龄51.2±17.5岁（12~73岁）,随访时间16.4±5.3个月（11~26个月）。按骨盆固定的方式将使用经S2骶髂螺钉（S2 alar-iliac,S2AI）而未应用支撑棒技术行骨盆固定的患者纳入非KR组（25例）,将使用支撑棒内固定技术行骨盆固定的患者纳入KR组（20例）。术前、术后7d和末次随访时在全脊柱正侧位X线片测量冠状面平衡距离（coronal balance distance,CBD）、骨盆倾斜角（pelvic obliquity angle,POA）、侧凸Cobb角、腰骶半弯（lumbosacral fractional curve,LFC）和骨盆入射角（pelvic incidence,PI）,比较两组患者脊柱骨盆参数矫正率以及末次随访时的矫正丢失率,记录患者术后及随访期间的并发症发生情况。结果：两组患者术前的侧凸Cobb角、POA、CBD、LFC和PI均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。两组患者侧凸Cobb角、POA、CBD、LFC术后7d时与术前相比均有明显改善（P＜0.05）,KR组患者末次随访时与术后7d相比无统计学差异（P＞0.05）,非KR组患者在末次随访时POA出现明显矫正丢失（P＜0.05）。KR组和非KR组患者术后POA的矫正率分别为（66.9±13.4）%和（44.2±23.4）%,CBD的矫正率分别为（58.5±20.9）%和（42.9±20.9）%,有统计学差异（P＜0.05）;其余影像学参数在两组患者间均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。随访期间KR组1例发生断棒,非KR组3例发生术后CI,两组并发症发生率的差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.672,P=0.412）。结论：对于合并严重CI和PO的脊柱侧凸患者,与传统骨盆固定方式相比,应用KR技术的后路矫形脊柱-骨盆融合手术可以在矫正脊柱侧凸的同时维持良好的骨盆水平和冠状面平衡。     

米非司酮配伍米索前列醇及一次性宫颈扩张棒终止12至18周妊娠100例

目的：观察米非司酮配伍米索前列醇及一次性宫颈扩张棒终止12~18周妊娠的临床效果。方法选取自愿来医院要求引产的正常孕妇100例,孕周在12~18周,入院后第1,2天均给予口服米非司酮,第2天晨起放置一次性宫颈扩张棒,第3天晨起取出扩张棒后在阴道后穹窿处放置米索前列醇,观察终止妊娠的效果。结果成功98例,成功率为98.00%,其中24 h 内成功终止妊娠94例,成功率为94.00%;终止妊娠后清宫率为30.00%,且孕周越小完全流产率越高,出血量越少。结论米非司酮配伍米索前列醇及一次性宫颈扩张棒终止12~18周妊娠,成功率高,操作简单,不良反应较少,值得临床借鉴。     

早发性脊柱侧凸生长棒治疗技术的研究进展

早发性脊柱侧凸的矫形治疗是世界性难题,近年来随着生长棒技术的临床应用及发展,为脊柱侧凸的矫形开辟了一条新途径.本文回顾生长棒在治疗早发性脊柱侧凸的发展历程并进行综述.     

纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66支撑棒结合同种异体骨治疗ARCOⅢ期股骨头坏死

BACKGROUND: It remains controversial whether patients with ARCO stage III osteonecrosis of the femoral head should be treated with femoreal head preserving surgery, and what the clinical efficacy of femoreal head preserving surgery is.     

导杆漂移技术在经皮椎间孔镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症中的应用

目的探讨导杆漂移技术在经皮椎间孔镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)中的有效性、安全性、可行性和应用价值。方法回顾性分析2017年10月-2018年12月该科收治的单节段LDH患者48例,分别采用常规穿刺置管(常规组,n=23)和导杆漂移技术置管(导杆组,n=25),根据术前、术后1 d、术后3个月和术后6个月的视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数评分(ODI)和改良MacNab标准评估症状改善程度和临床疗效,比较两组透视次数、穿刺时间和手术时间。结果 48例患者手术均顺利完成并获随访,平均随访时间(12.0±2.3)个月。导杆组中,1例因椎间盘钙化切除不彻底,术后症状无明显改善,另有1例术中发生患侧L5行走神经根不完全性损伤,术后出现下肢肌力减弱。所有患者无硬膜囊、腹腔脏器、血管损伤和感染等并发症发生。常规组中,1例术后3 d因打喷嚏引起复发,分别于术后第5和6天相同入路再次行椎间孔镜手术,翻修后症状完全消失。导杆组透视次数、穿刺时间和手术时间均明显少于常规组(P 0.05)。两组术前术后各时点VAS评分和ODI评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P 0.05)。两组术后各时点VAS评分和ODI评分与术前比较,均明显降低。末次随访采用改良MacNab标准评价,其中优36例,良7例,可4例,差1例,优良率为89.58%。结论导杆漂移技术应用于经皮椎间孔镜手术中,具有安全、高效和操控性强的优点,能明显减少透视次数和辐射量,缩短穿刺和手术时间,值得临床推广应用。     

单管多用快速鉴定培养基在临床微生物实验教学中的应用

目的:简化革兰阴性菌鉴定程序,缩短鉴定时间,便于学生掌握实验技能,提高教学质量。方法:将4株实验菌株分别接种于自己研制的尿素苯丙氨酸单管多用快速鉴定培养基与购买商品化的单管尿素、苯丙氨酸鉴定培养基做对比实验。结果:该课题所选择的两项试验,应用自制尿素苯丙氨酸单管多用快速鉴定培养基只需接种一管鉴定培养基内,35℃,培养3h,即可得到尿素苯丙氨酸试验结果;接种于购买商品化的单管尿素、苯丙氨酸鉴定培养基需接种两支不同鉴定培养基内35℃,培养24h,才能得到尿素苯丙氨酸试验结果。结论:自制尿素苯丙氨酸单管多用快速鉴定培养基,经两组鉴定培养基的对比实验,证明该培养基设计合理,4株实验菌鉴定准确率为100%,操作简单,培养鉴定时间明显缩短,结果易于判定,因此自制的尿素苯丙氨酸单管多用快速鉴定培养基非常适用于临床微生物实验教学。     

胶囊充填机装量差异的调整

国家药品标准（药典及部颁标准）规定，无论何种药物剂型，装量差异都是药物制剂的重要质量指标，因此阐述胶囊充填机充填计量分析及介绍充填胶囊制剂装量差异调整的方法。     

Identification of a cone bipolar cell in cat retina which has input from both rod and cone photoreceptors

It has been generally accepted that rod photoreceptor cells in the mammalian retina make synaptic contact with only a single population of rod bipolar cells, whereas cone photoreceptors contact a variety of cone bipolar cells. This assumption has been challenged in rodents by reports of a type of cone bipolar cell which receives input from both rods and cones. Questions remained as to whether similar pathways are present in other mammals. We have used an antiserum against the glutamate transporter GLT1-B to visualize a population of cone bipolar cells in the cat retina which make flat contacts with axon terminals of both rod and cone photoreceptor cells. These cells are identified as OFF-cone bipolar cells and correspond morphologically to type cb1 (CBa2) cone bipolar cells which are a major source of input to OFF-beta ganglion cells in the cat retina. The GLT1-B transporter was also localized to processes making flat contacts with photoreceptor terminals in rat and rabbit retinas. Examination of tissue processed for the GluR1 glutamate receptor subunit showed that cb1 cone bipolar cells, like their rodent counterparts, express this alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-selective receptor at their contacts with rod spherules. Thus, a direct excitatory pathway from rod photoreceptors to OFF-cone bipolar cells appears to be a common feature of mammalian retinas.