椎体后凸成形技术与微创经皮椎弓根钉技术治疗胸腰段椎体压缩骨折的对比研究

目的 比较经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)和微创内固定术的疗效,为治疗单纯性胸腰段椎体压缩骨折选择手术方案提供临床依据.方法 行PKP及微创内固定手术治疗单纯胸腰段椎体压缩骨折59例.PKP组31例,微创内固定术组28例.记录59例术前术后视觉模拟评分法疼痛评分(VAS)、伤椎前缘高度、Cobb角及伤椎高度恢复率.结果 PKP组及微创内固定组在术后VAS评分、Cobb角、伤椎高度、椎体高度恢复率观测指标中,2组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 PKP术后止痛效果优于微创内固定组,微创内固定在矫正脊柱后凸畸形及恢复伤椎前缘高度效果上优于PKP组.     

Percutaneous epiphysiodesis using transphyseal screws for limb-length discrepancies: high variability among growth predictor models

Purpose

Percutaneous epiphysiodesis using transphyseal screws (PETS) was developed as a minimally invasive outpatient procedure to address limb-length discrepancy (LLD) that allowed immediate postoperative weight bearing and was potentially reversible by removing the screws. The aims of our study were to report our results using PETS for LLD and evaluate the accuracy of three growth predictor models.

Methods

Sixteen patients with an average age of 14 years were treated for LLD using PETS. Thirteen patients had screws inserted in a parallel fashion and 3 had crossed screws. We compared the predicted LLD at skeletal maturity using the three growth predictor methods with the actual LLD at skeletal maturity and preoperative LLD with the final LLD at skeletal maturity.

Results

The mean LLD at skeletal maturity between the predicted and final measurements was 0.2 cm using the Green−Anderson method, 1.4 cm using the Moseley method, and −0.1 cm using the Paley method. The mean preoperative LLD of 3.1 cm was corrected to 1.7 cm at skeletal maturity (p < 0.001). Six patients complained of pain over the screw heads; however, no patient developed an infection or angular deformity.

Conclusions

The three growth predictor methods predicted the final LLD within an average of 1.4 cm, but there was high variability. Although PETS improved the LLD by a mean of 1.4 cm, we believe the results would have been better if PETS was performed at an earlier skeletal age.     

Can-Help微创椎弓根螺钉系统治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的 探讨Can-Help微创椎弓根螺钉系统治疗胸腰椎骨折临床意义.方法 选择我院2010年4月至2013年1月收治的62例胸腰椎骨折患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组患者采用Sextant微创椎弓根螺钉系统治疗,观察组患者采用Can-Help微创椎弓根螺钉系统治疗,比较两组患者手术时间、X线暴露时间、术中出血量、各时间段ODI指数、Cobb角、VAS评分以及不良反应发生情况.结果 观察组患者手术时间、X线暴露时间以及术中出血量均优于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术前两组患者ODI指数、Cobb角以及VAS评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).在治疗后6个月和12个月时,两组患者3项指标均较术前得到较大程度改善,观察组各项指标均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05 ).两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 Can-Help系统和Sextant系统治疗胸腰椎骨折均能取得较好效果,但Can-Help系统手术时间和X线暴露时间更短,矫正效果更好.     

两种方法治疗垂直不稳定型股骨颈骨折的近期疗效对比

目的评价单纯空心螺钉与3枚空心钉加内侧支撑钢板两种方式处理股骨颈Pauwels Ⅲ型骨折的近期治疗效果。方法选取锦州地区55例股骨颈Pauwels Ⅲ型骨折患者,随机分为空心加压螺钉组30例（A组）,3枚空心螺钉+支撑钢板组25例（B组）。记录术后髋关节Harris评分,对比各项手术指标、愈合时间、复位质量、股骨头坏死与骨不连等并发症的发生情况。结果A组手术时间（68.73±4.91）min,低于B组（110.76±5.85）min;A组术中出血量（69.47±5.15）mL,低于B组（110.92±10.10）mL;A组的骨折愈合时间（5.03±0.47）个月,高于B组（4.37±0.56）个月;差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组内固定失效和复位情况的对比,B组优于A组（P<0.05）;在股骨头坏死和骨折不愈合方面的比较,A组高于B组（P>0.05）。术后第1、3个月的Harris分值,A组为（70.67±1.88）分、（74.83±3.69）分,低于B组（71.60±1.78）分、（76.60±3.10）分,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;术后第6、12个月的Harris分值,A组为（78.97±1.88）分、（88.17±3.36）分,低于B组（80.08±1.93）分、（92.04±3.72）分,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论采用空心钉+支撑钢板治疗骨折线较垂直的股骨颈Pauwels Ⅲ型骨折的效果优于单纯3枚空心钉,拥有骨折复位质量好、更加牢靠的固定、有效抵抗垂直剪切力、缩短愈合时间,患髋功能恢复好等优点。     

折叠延长下斜方肌岛状皮瓣修复全喉切除术后巨大咽皮瘘8例报道

目的:探讨应用折叠延长下斜方肌岛状皮瓣修复全喉切除术后巨大咽皮瘘的临床效果。方法:8例（男7例,女1例;年龄46~65岁,平均年龄57.6岁）全喉切除术后巨大咽皮瘘患者,咽皮瘘直径2.0 cm×1.8 cm~4.5 cm×3.0 cm,采用折叠延长下斜方肌岛状皮瓣修复。皮岛宽5~9 cm,长10~23 cm,折叠修复咽皮瘘,恢复咽腔内衬里及外侧皮肤。结果:8例皮瓣全部成活,患者无继发咽皮瘘与咽狭窄,吞咽功能满意。结论:折叠延长下斜方肌岛状肌皮瓣可作为修复全喉切除术后巨大咽皮瘘的首选皮瓣,其操作简便,安全可靠。     

可吸收钉治疗髌骨横行骨折

目的探讨可吸收钉治疗髌骨横行骨折的优势与不足。方法回顾分析40例髌骨横行骨折患者采用可吸收钉固定髌骨,并对骨折愈合及膝关节功能进行评价,同时与40例采用克氏针张力带内固定进行对比分析。结果40例均获随访,时间为6~15个月(平均8.2月)。1例术后2个月因外伤导致髌骨再次骨折,其余均骨性愈合,无再移位,无伤口感染。根据胥少汀等疗效评级:优28例,良10例,差2例。两组病例膝关节功能无统计学意义。结论髌骨横行骨折采用可吸收钉内固定效果良好,但术后康复时间较长。     

关节镜下空心螺钉与缝线固定治疗胫骨髁间棘骨折的疗效比较

目的比较关节镜下空心螺钉与缝线固定治疗胫骨髁间棘骨折的临床及功能效果。方法回顾分析因胫骨髁间棘骨折接受关节镜下骨折固定治疗的28例患者资料,根据手术固定方法不同,将患者分为A、B两组,A组采用关节镜下空心螺钉固定;B组采用关节镜下缝线固定。对患者的手术时间、止血带应用时间等围手术期指标进行考察。在末次随访时,采用前抽屉试验、Lachman试验、特种外科医院评分（HospitalforSpecialSurgery,HSS）和Lysholm评分对膝关节的功能效果进行评估。结果共有23例患者获得最终24个月的临床及影像学随访,A组13例,B组10例。A组和B组的手术时间分为（180.3±12．7）min和（176．2±11．4）min,止血带应用时间分别为（113．7±10．4）min和（111．6±10．0）min,两组病例在手术时间和止血带应用时间方面,组间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。所有病例均获骨性愈合,均未出现骨折移位。末次随访时,患侧膝关节前抽屉试验、Lachman试验均为阴性;A、B两组的平均HSS评分分别为95．0±2．9和96．8±2．4,平均Lysholm评分分别为94．2±2．1和93．8±1．9,平均膝关节屈伸活动度分为别为137．1°±9．0°和135．6°±12．1°,组间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论胫骨髁间棘骨折采用关节镜下空心螺钉或缝合线固定均可确定满意的临床疗效,患者术后2年的功能效果良好。     

Current concepts and controversies on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Part II

A new era in the surgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) opened with the introduction of pedicle screw instrumentation, which provides 3-column vertebral fixation and allows major deformity correction on the coronal, sagittal, and axial planes. A steep learning curve can be expected for spinal surgeons to become familiar with pedicle screw placement and correction techniques. Potential complications including injury to adjacent neural, vascular, and visceral structures can occur due to screw misplacement or pull-out during correction maneuvers. These major complications are better recognized as pedicle screw techniques become more popular and may result in serious morbidity and mortality. Extensive laboratory and clinical training is mandatory before pedicle screw techniques in scoliosis surgery are put to practice. Wider application, especially in developing countries, is limited by the high cost of implants. Refined correction techniques are currently developed and these utilize a lesser number of pedicle anchors which are strategically positioned to allow optimum deformity correction while reducing the neurological risk, surgical time, and blood loss, as well as instrumentation cost. Such techniques can be particularly attractive at a time when cost has major implications on provision of health care as they can make scoliosis treatment available to a wider population of patients. Pedicle screw techniques are currently considered the gold standard for scoliosis correction due to their documented superior biomechanical properties and ability to produce improved clinical outcomes as reflected by health-related quality-of-life questionnaires. Ongoing research promises further advances with the future of AIS treatment incorporating genetic counseling and possibly fusionless techniques.     

快速成型导向模板技术在枢椎椎板交叉螺钉置钉中的应用

 目的 验证在快速成型导向模板辅助下枢椎椎板交叉螺钉置钉的安全性、准确性及偏差因素分析。方法 选取正常颈椎标本18具,行螺旋CT扫描。扫描数据经Mimics软件三维重建后行枢椎椎板交叉螺钉最佳钉道的计算机辅助设计,建立与枢椎椎板及棘突后表面解剖结构互补的基板,组合形成导向模板。在激光快速成型机上进行导向模板实体化,利用导向模板辅助置钉。扫描置钉后的标本,分割重建螺钉钉道路径。将置钉前后的标本配对拟合,测量理想钉道与实际螺钉的进钉点及进钉角度。结果 上、下位椎板螺钉理想钉道长度分别为(29.12±1.39)、(29.62±1.40) mm;内倾角分别为56.20°±2.07°、56.02°±1.72°。下位椎板螺钉实际钉道内倾角和尾倾角分别为56.28°±1.54°、0.13°±0.65°;上位椎板分别为55.48°±1.75°、-0.19°±1.54°。下位椎板螺钉进钉点在X、Y、Z轴上的偏移分别为(0.69±1.79)、(2.54±4.86)、(0.63±1.37) mm;上位椎板分别为(0.64±1.61)、(2.36±4.85)、(0.62±1.38) mm。理想钉道与实际螺钉进钉点、钉道方向的差异无统计学差异。结论 利用数字化快速成型导向模板技术辅助枢椎椎板交叉螺钉置钉提高了置钉的安全性和准确性,理论上可降低椎动脉和脊髓损伤的风险。     

“单开门”揭开式椎板整块切除、椎弓根螺钉固定治疗极重度颈椎后纵韧带骨化症

 目的 观察“单开门”揭开式椎板整块切除、椎弓根螺钉固定治疗极重度颈椎后纵韧带骨化症(ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament, OPLL)的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2007年1月至2011年12月治疗极重度颈椎OPLL 16例患者资料,男13例,女3例;年龄45~74岁,平均56.5岁。15例神经功能损害与头颈部活动有关(如打喷嚏、咳嗽、过伸颈部等),1例诱因不明,神经症状均持续加重。术前日本矫形外科协会评分(Japanese Orthopaedic Score, JOA)为(7.1±1.8)分。术前CT扫描示骨化的后纵韧带平均占椎管矢状径的83.7％。患者均接受后路椎板整块切除、颈椎弓根螺钉固定手术。结果 手术时间为80~150 min,平均130 min;出血量为150~600 ml,平均300 ml。16例患者均获得随访,随访时间为3个月至4年,平均(24.4±10)个月,术后2周、3个月、末次随访平均JOA评分为(13.2±1.7)分、(13.5±1.6)分、(14.1±1.5)分, JOA评分改善率分别为61.6%、64.6%、70.7%。术后1例伤口形成血肿,1例发生脑脊液漏,3例肩背部疼痛。术中、术后未见深部感染、神经功能恶化、椎动脉损伤、内固定失败等严重并发症。结论 颈椎“单开门”揭开式椎板整块切除术对脊髓干扰小、安全性高,结合颈椎弓根螺钉固定能够稳定减压节段,维持颈椎曲度,可用于重度颈椎OPLL合并颈脊髓损伤患者的治疗。