Hidden coexisting pathology diagnosed after cervical surgery in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy or myeloradiculopathy: A case series report

Many neurological disorders can present similar symptomatology to degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) or myeloradiculopathy (DCMR). Therefore, to avoid misdiagnosis, it is important to recognise the differential diagnosis, which has been well described in previous literature. Additionally, DCM or DCMR can also coexist with other diseases that overlap some of its clinical manifestations, which may be overlooked before cervical surgery. Nevertheless, few studies have addressed this clinical situation. In clinical practice, the diagnosis of coexisting disease with DCM or DCMR would be typically made when some symptoms persist without improvement after cervical surgery. To inform the patients of this possibility preoperatively and arrive at the early diagnosis during the postoperative period, some knowledge of the possible coexisting diseases would be necessary. In this report, we reviewed 230 patients who underwent surgery for DCM or DCMR in an academic centre to examine the prevalence and kind of underlying disease that was overlooked preoperatively. The coexisting diseases relevant to their baseline symptoms were diagnosed only after cervical surgery in three patients (1.3%) and included amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lung cancer and polymyalgia rheumatica. The overlapping symptoms were gait difficulty, scapular pain and neck pain, respectively. Surgeons should recognise that the coexisting disease with DCM or DCMR may be overlooked before cervical surgery because of overlapping symptomatology, although its prevalence is not certainly high. Further, when the specific symptom persisted without improvement after surgery for DCM or DCMR, the patient should be comprehensively examined, considering diverse pathological conditions, not only neurological disorders.     

C3椎板切除并重建C4-7棘突的改良单开门椎板成形术

目的 观察颈2棘突半棘肌止点保留基础上进一步改良单开门椎板成形术,观察手术疗效,探讨能否降低合并症。方法 重建改良组椎板成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病45例,普通改良组39例,术后随诊18~24个月,对两组患者术前术后的颈椎活动度、日本骨科学会（Japanese Orthopedic Association Scoring System,JOA）评分及轴性症状严重程度进行比较评估。结果 两组颈椎活动度丢失（9.4°±4.1° vs 11.6°±7.8°）及JOA评分恢复率（57.7%vs 54.4%）比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。但比较两组术后轴性症状,其差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。重建改良组发生率更低。结论 保留颈2棘突半棘肌止点的同时,重建颈4-7棘突能够进一步减小轴性症状的发生率。     

两种止血材料在颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术中的止血效果观察

目的:比较可吸收止血流体明胶(HFG)和可吸收明胶海绵(GS)在颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术中的止血效果。方法:回顾性分析2014年2月至2016年5月接受颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗的患者83例,根据患者术中使用不同止血材料分两组:HFG组41例,男30例,女11例;年龄29~81岁,平均(55.6±11.6)岁;其中14例为单纯颈椎管狭窄症,9例合并后纵韧带骨化,18例合并多节段颈椎间盘突出。GS组42例,男32例,女10例;年龄36~78岁,平均(55.4±11.1)岁;其中12例为单纯颈椎管狭窄症,10例合并后纵韧带骨化,20例合并多节段颈椎间盘突出。两组患者性别、年龄及病变类型等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后不良事件及术后并发症。结果:HFG组和GS组患者手术时间分别为(137.2±30.0)、(154.8±33.5)min(P0.05);术中出血量分别为(156.1±74.6)、(242.9±120.7)ml(P0.001);术后引流量分别为(212.1±67.6)、(303.3±115.5)ml(P0.001)。HFG组手术时间、术中出血量及术后引流量均少于GS组。两组患者均未发生术后切口急性血肿及其他止血相关并发症。结论:颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术中,HFG操作简单,可以减少手术时间、术中出血量和术后引流量,是一种安全并且效果优于传统止血方式的止血材料。     

EOLP不同椎板固定方法对颈椎曲度及轴性症状的影响

目的 探讨颈椎后路单开门椎管成形术(EOLP)不同椎板固定方法对颈椎曲度及轴性症状的影响.方法 回顾性分析天津市人民医院2009年1月至2012年1月因多节段脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)行EOLP的101例患者临床资料.其中32例采用传统缝线悬吊“门轴”(A组),35例患者采用锚钉法进行“门轴”固定(B组),34例患者采用微型钛板Centerpiece固定法(C组).对3组患者手术前、后日本骨科学会(JOA)评分,颈椎曲度变化及轴性症状评分进行分析.结果 3组患者平均随访时间为(31.83±5.10)个月,JOA评分改善率A、B、C组分别为(61.53±24.00)％、(60.72±19.82)％、(65.17±21.13)％,3组比较差异无统计学意义(F=0.41,P=0.67);颈椎曲度丢失A、B、C组分别为(3.38±1.51)％、(3.12±1.91)％、(2.24±1.30)％,3组比较差异有统计学意义(F=4.67,P=0.01);术后24个月轴性症状评分A、B、C组分别为(9.13±0.66)、(10.77±0.49)、(11.11±0.77)分,3组差异有统计学意义(F=88.30,P=0.00).JOA评分改善率与轴性症状评分无相关性(r=0.07,P＞0.05),颈椎曲度丢失与轴性症状评分呈负相关(r=-0.21,P=0.03).结论 EOLP传统缝线悬吊“门轴”法、锚钉固定“门轴”法、微型钛板centerpiece固定法均是开门法“门轴”固定的有效方法,但微型钛板内固定法可有效地减少术后颈椎曲度的丢失,降低轴性症状的发生率.     

CSM颈椎后路单开门扩大成形术后轴性痛预后分析

 目的 探讨多节段脊髓型颈椎病(cervical stenotic myelopathy,CSM)患者行颈椎管后路单开门扩大成形术后,影响术后颈肩轴性痛(postoperative axial pain,PAP)病程长短的相关危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2007-02至2010-02,武警后勤学院附属医院和天津市天津医院因颈椎管狭窄行后路单开门扩大成形减压,联合连续节段开门侧Centerpiece微型板钉固定患者344例,其中出现32例PAP患者,平均随访3年以上,根据PAP持续时间,将患者分为2~5个月较快和6~16个月内较慢恢复组,比较PAP两组术后6个月门轴侧骨槽融合率,日本矫形骨科学会(Japanese orthopaedic association score, JOA)增长率、末次随访较首发PAP疼痛(visual analogue score,VAS)和颈椎功能障碍指数(neck disability index,NDI)矫正值,术后即刻较术前颈椎屈伸度、曲度和椎管矢径矫正值,多元逻辑回归分析患者术前颈椎曲度、椎管矢径、颈椎屈伸度和术后门轴侧骨槽融合率对PAP持续时间的影响。结果 32例PAP患者均经非手术治疗,其中21例PAP术后2.8~4.8个月缓解,11例PAP术后6.9~15.5个月恢复,PAP较快改善组骨槽融合率高于较慢恢复者,差异有统计学意义(Z=2.18,P=0.04),门轴侧骨槽融合率系预测PAP病程长短的危险因素(OR=4.9619,P=0.0465)。结论 门轴侧骨槽愈合率显著提高并获尽早确切融合,有助于缩短颈椎管后路单开门扩大成形术后PAP恢复进程。     

两种减压植入内固定方式治疗颈椎管狭窄症：C5神经根麻痹及稳定性

背景：有部分学者认为颈椎管狭窄症减压植入内固定后神经根麻痹与颈椎稳定性以及颈椎生理曲度有关,目前还存在争议。 目的：探讨颈椎管狭窄症后路全椎板减压侧块内固定与单开门减压椎管扩大成形治疗后C₅神经根麻痹及稳定性。 方法：选取29例颈椎管狭窄症患者进行后路减压植入物内固定治疗。方法①：颈椎管狭窄症后路全椎板减压侧块内固定,在C_3-6侧块以及C₇椎弓根钉内固定,关节突关节处造成粗糙面。方法②：根椐治疗前对正侧位平片及动力位片结合MRI、CT影像学图片,明确不稳定的节段,给予相应节段侧块内固定、椎板行单开门减压,椎管扩大成形治疗。 结果与结论：29例颈椎管狭窄症患者随访8个月-2.3年,采用后路全椎板减压侧块内固定治疗的患者14例,植入后早期出现C₅神经根麻痹2例,远期症状复发出现不全瘫3例,二次手术行瘢痕切除减压治疗;采用单开门减压椎管扩大成形治疗的患者15例,治疗后出现C₅神经根麻痹肩外展功能不良1例,无治疗前症状复发病例。神经根麻痹最短6周,最长9个月均恢复。颈椎管狭窄症后路减压植入物内固定后,C₅神经根麻痹与节段稳定性、颈椎生理曲度、椎管减压程度、脊髓漂移范围是否相关以及发生程度、远期因瘢痕致再度出现椎管狭窄,两种治疗方式的区别是否有意义,目前病例数有限,有待病例及临床经验的积累与观察。     

骶管重建在症状性骶管囊肿后路手术中的应用

目的 探讨骶管重建在症状性骶管囊肿后路手术中的应用效果。方法 2010~2015年采用骶骨开窗后路手术治疗症状性骶管囊肿21例,其中12例术中行骶管重建（A组）,9例未行骶管重建（B组）。结果 A组术后脑脊液漏发生率（0）明显低于B组（33.3%,3/9;P<0.05）。术后随访6个月,术后a组11例症状明显缓解,1例稍缓解;b组8例明显缓解,1例稍缓解;均未发生囊肿复发。>结论 症状性骶管囊肿后路手术可有效缓解患者症状,术中进行骶管重建可减少术后脑脊液漏发生几率。     

Expansion of Spinal Canal with Lift‐Open Laminoplasty: A New Method for Compression Cervical Myelopathy

ObjectiveThis study is to introduce lift‐open laminoplasty and verify the increase of the spinal canal area following this surgical technique according to the preoperative anatomical measurement.MethodsThere are 82 patients (43 male and 39 female) analyzed in our study from January 2019 to December 2020. The average age was 63.2 ± 3.21 years (from 41 to 84 years). All of them were treated with open‐door laminoplasty, with a decompression segment range from C3 to C6. The increase of the spinal canal area after open‐door laminoplasty was measured on postoperative CT images of the patients, and the distances between both lamina‐facet junctions and lamina length was measured on preoperative CT images. Using the Pythagorean theorem for the equation of calculation area after the expansile open‐door laminoplasty. Based on previous measurement parameters, spinous process length, lateral mass width, distance between osteotomy line and lamina‐facet junctions line were additionally measured on preoperative CT images. Pythagorean theorem was used for calculating the area after the expansile lift‐open laminoplasty. The results were recorded and a statistical analysis was undertaken. Then, there were six patients (five male and one female) treated with lift‐open laminoplasty on C6, open‐door on C3–C5, who suffer from cervical spondylotic myelopathy from December 2020 to January 2021. The average age was 60.3 ± 1.7 years (from 56 to 71 years). Operation time, blood loss, and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score recovery rate were recorded. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed.ResultsThe increase of the spinal canal area after open‐door laminoplasty measured on postoperative CT images was 123.01 ± 17.06 mm² and the calculation of the increase of the spinal canal areausing the Pythagorean theorem after open‐door laminoplasty was 122.86 ± 15.86 mm². A comparison of the actual value with calculative value showed no significant difference (T value = 0.057, P value = 0.955). The calculation of the increase of the spinal canal area after lift‐open laminoplasty was 183.57 ± 62.99 mm², which was larger than that after open‐door laminoplasty (T value = 8.462, P value < 0.001). Mean operation time was 153.3 min and operative blood loss was 600 mL of the six patients treated with lift‐open laminoplasty. At 1 month follow‐up, all patients had recovered well. JOA score recovery rate was 37.6% and no intraoperative and postoperative complications occurred.ConclusionLift‐open laminoplasty could preserve nearly 100% of extensor muscle, avoid damaging C7 paraspinal muscles and C6‐7 posterior muscle‐ligament complex, reconstruct the spinous process firmly in the midline, and expand adequate spinal canal area after operation. These advantages could reduce the incidence rate of complications and bring better clinical results than traditional laminoplasty.     

养血止痛丸联合针刺夹脊穴对单开门椎管成形术后轴性症状的影响

目的 :探讨养血止痛丸联合针刺夹脊穴治疗颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后轴性症状(AS)的疗效。方法 :73例术后出现轴性症状的患者,随机分为A组(口服养血止痛丸+针刺夹脊穴)和B组(口服神经妥乐平片),治疗3个月。运用VAS疼痛视觉模拟评分法于治疗1 d、1个月、3个月、6个月评定疼痛改善状况。结果:治疗1个月,B组VAS评分优于A组(P<0.05);治疗3个月,两组VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗6个月,两组比较A组总有效率82.4%优于B组的60.0%(P<0.05)。结论 :养血止痛丸联合针刺夹脊穴治疗轴性症状安全有效,且中远期疗效优于神经妥乐平。