Comparison of the modified Wiltse's approach with spinal minimally invasive system and traditional approach for the therapy of thoracolumbar fracture

Thoracolumbar fractures are usually treated by open posterior pedicle screw fixation. However, this procedure involves massive paraspinal muscle stripping, inflicting surgical trauma, and prolonged X-ray exposure. In this study, we observed 127 patients with single-segment injury thoracolumbar fractures. Thirty-six patients were treated by the modified Wiltse's paraspinal approach with minimally invasive channel system, while 91 patients were treated via traditional posterior approach. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency, screw placement accuracy, visual analogue scale score, and Cobb's angle of two groups were compared. The X-ray exposure times were notably reduced (4.2±1.6) in the new approach group (P<0.05). The pedicle screw placement accuracy and Cobb's angle after surgery were similar in the two groups. We conclude that modified Wiltse's paraspinal approach with spinal minimally invasive channel system surgery can significantly reduce the X-ray exposure times and is an alternative therapy for the thoracolumbar fracture.     

人工股骨头置换与股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗高龄外侧壁危险型股骨转子间骨折的比较

文题释义： AO分型：AO将股骨转子间骨折归为A类骨折。A1型：经转子的简单骨折,内侧骨皮质仍有良好的支撑,外侧骨皮质保持良好。A1.1型骨折端无嵌插;A1.2骨折端有嵌插;A1.3型骨折线累及至小转子下。A2型：经转子的粉碎性骨折,内侧及后方骨皮质在数个平面上破裂,但外侧骨皮质保持良好。A2.1型有1个中间骨块;A2.2型有2个中间骨块;A2.3型有2个以上的中间骨块。A3型：逆转子间骨折,骨折线通过骨外侧皮质。A3.1型逆转子骨折,简单骨折;A3.2型逆转子骨折,横行骨折;A3.3型逆转子骨折,粉碎性骨折;在AO分型中,A2.2型和A2.3型即是外侧壁危险型。 外侧壁：此概念是以色列医生Gotfried在2004年提出来的,指的是股外侧肌嵴以远的股骨近端外侧皮质,在临床上分为3型。Ⅰ型：外侧壁稳定型,即AO分型的A1,A2.1型;Ⅱ型：外侧壁危险型,即AO分型的A2.2,A2.3型;Ⅲ型：原发外侧壁骨折型,即AO分型的A3型。 背景：对于高龄患者转子间骨折的治疗,如无手术禁忌,建议采取手术治疗。手术方式分为内固定及关节置换,手术技术较为成熟,但在手术方式的选择上争议很大。 目的：使用人工股骨头置换、股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗高龄外侧壁危险型转子间骨折患者,对这2种方法的疗效进行比较,为临床上治疗方法的选择提供依据,为大样本系统分析提供原始数据。 方法：根据病例纳入标准,选择解放军陆军第71集团军医院骨科2012年1月至2017年12月收治的AO分型A2.2,A2.3型股骨转子间骨折患者48例,根据治疗方案分为2组,其中股骨头置换组29例,股骨近端防旋髓内钉组19例。所有患者对治疗及试验方案均知情同意,且得到医院伦理委员会批准。随访1-3年,比较2组患者的手术时间、出血量、住院费用、并发症发生率以及术后1个月、1年的髋关节Harris评分。 结果与结论：①经统计学分析,手术时间上股骨头置换组短于股骨近端防旋髓内钉组,差异有显著性意义 (P < 0.05);在出血量上,2组差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);在住院费用上股骨头置换比股骨近端防旋髓内钉组多,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);②术后1个月髋关节Harris评分,股骨头置换组优于股骨近端防旋髓内钉组(P < 0.05);术后1年的髋关节Harris评分,2组差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);③在并发症发生率的统计上,2组差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);④提示治疗70岁以上的外侧壁危险型股骨转子间骨折,人工股骨头置换具有下床活动早、生活质量高、关节功能恢复快等优点,建议优先选择人工股骨头置换。 ORCID: 0000-0001-7475-5519(韩冰) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程     

直线前进变换为侧向跨步切入动作时的下肢生物力学变化

背景:侧向跨步切入动作是运动领域最常见的进攻技术,这显著增加了运动员膝关节受伤的风险,但目前相关侧向跨步动作的生物力学表现策略及下肢关节负荷特征并不十分清楚。目的:选择大学女子甲组篮球、足球运动员进行侧向跨步切入下肢动作策略,进行生物力学测试,并分析下肢关节的运动学及动力学参数,从而为运动员及教练员预防下肢伤害,尤其是膝关节十字韧带损伤提供重要参考。方法:选择某高校女子甲组足球及篮球各12名运动员作为研究对象,利用三维测力台及运动图像拍摄系统同步获取其侧向跨步切入动作的相关运动学及动力学参数,并运用SPSS 21.0分析软件对相关数据进行处理分析。该试验方案经天津体育学院伦理委员会批准。结果与结论:①足球运动员有较大的着地瞬间踝关节跖屈角度及髋关节外展角度、最大踝关节外翻角度、膝关节屈曲及内旋角度、膝关节屈曲及内旋角度变化量;②足球运动员有较大的踝关节外旋与髋关节内收力矩峰值,篮球运动员则有较大的踝关节跖屈力矩峰值;③篮球运动员有较小的前后分力制动第一及第二峰值、垂直分力第一峰值及较大的前后分力推蹬力峰值;④结果表明,跨步切入动作过程中,足球运动员习惯于前足着地方式进行急停,进而产生较高的地面反作用力,并增加膝关节屈曲角度进行缓冲,同时有较大的踝关节外翻角度及膝关节内旋角度,而篮球运动员在切入过程中膝关节屈曲角度较少,不利于下肢关节对地面反作用力的缓冲,并进而增加前十字韧带损伤风险。     

大腿远端前内侧入路在股骨骨折内固定术中应用的影像及解剖学研究

目的 探讨大腿远端前内侧入路在股骨远端骨折内固定术中应用的安全性和可行性。方法 (1)纳入2016年8月-2017年2月河北医科大学第三医院MRI室双侧大腿中下段MRI资料20例40侧进行回顾性研究,其中男12例、女8例,年龄22~59岁,MRI均未见明显异常。扫描范围:自股骨内侧髁水平线(0 cm处)起,至其上方18.5 cm;扫描层厚5 mm、层间距15 mm,共10个扫描层面(Ⅰ~Ⅹ层面)。应用我院影像存储与传输系统(PACS)测量各扫描层面上前内侧手术入路(预计手术的前进路线)与股动脉之间的最短距离。(2)在1具成年男性新鲜尸体标本上,模拟股骨远端骨折前内侧手术入路内固定物置入过程,同时对该入路涉及解剖层次与结构进行应用解剖观察。结果 (1)20例40侧受检者MRI测量:前内侧入路与股动脉之间最短距离测量值左右两侧差异无统计学意义,故合并统计。分析显示,该间距测量值在Ⅰ~Ⅹ层面的分布规律总体呈中间小两头大、上端小下端大的趋势,其最大处位于股骨内侧髁水平线0 cm处(Ⅰ层面)为46.72~49.47(48.02±0.84)mm,其最小处位于股骨内侧髁水平线上方10~10.50 cm范围内(Ⅵ层面)为23.34~25.05(24.35±0.52)mm,手术入路与股动脉间有足够的安全间距。(2)尸体标本模拟手术:股骨远端骨折前内侧手术入路内固定物模拟置入过程顺利,手术操作未侵扰到股血管和股神经及其分支;应用解剖观察证实,该手术入路可沿肌间隙进入,周围解剖层次及结构显露清楚。结论 大腿远端前内侧入路应用于股骨远端骨折内固定术安全可行,这是对传统外侧入路治疗股骨远端骨折的良好补充。     

多种针刺疗法治疗肱骨外上髁炎的贝叶斯网状Meta分析

文题释义：贝叶斯网状 Meta 分析：网状Meta分析是直接Meta分析的扩展与延伸,其借助间接比较技术,对同一证据体的所有干预措施进行综合评价并排序。根据目前循证医学的发展,网状Meta分析分为经典的频率学派及新颖的贝叶斯学派。贝叶斯学派的发展基于贝叶斯理论,与频率学派的统计方法相比优势较多,主要体现在：①利用后验概率对所有分析的干预措施进行排序,充分考虑了模型的不稳定性;②减少了迭代时最大似然函数的丢失,增强了稳定性从而减少了偏倚;③贝叶斯学派估计值更为准确,建模更灵活。  肱骨外上髁炎(lateral epicondylitis,LE)：俗称“网球肘”,是由肱骨外上髁处伸肌总腱反复收缩造成的肌腱病,同时伴有炎症、疼痛和肘部外侧敏感性改变,属常见的慢性劳损性疾病;其生理病理特点复杂多样,主要包括局部肌腱病理改变、疼痛系统的变化及运动系统损伤等。 背景：针刺疗法在中医疗法治疗肱骨外上髁炎里占据非常重要的地位,但由于针刺疗法的多样性特征,目前现有的原始研究多为针刺疗法间或单一针刺疗法与常规封闭疗法的简单比较。 目的：采用贝叶斯网状 Meta 分析法,全面比较各针刺疗法之间在治疗肱骨外上髁炎时有效率及目测类比评分(VAS)的疗效差异性。 方法：检索 PubMed、The Cochrane Library英文库及CNKI、VIP、Wan-Fang中文库中有关针刺治疗肱骨外上髁炎的随机对照试验,检索时限为各数据库建库至2019年10月。由2名研究者根据设定标准独立筛选文献及提取数据,后评价文献质量。运用ADDIS 1.16.8软件进行数据的直接Meta分析及网状Meta分析。 结果与结论：①纳入32个RCT/CCT,合计2 318例肱骨外上髁炎患者,涉及温针、火针、电针、毫针刺、浮针、火针+毫针刺6种治疗措施;②网状Meta 分析结果显示：在有效率上,温针优于电针、温针优于毫针刺、火针优于温针、火针优于电针、火针优于毫针刺、浮针优于电针、浮针优于毫针刺、火针+毫针刺优于毫针刺;在目测类比评分上,温针优于电针、温针优于毫针刺、火针优于电针、火针优于毫针刺、浮针优于电针、浮针优于毫针刺、火针+毫针刺优于电针;疗效排序：有效率从优到劣依次为：浮针>火针>火针+毫针刺>温针>电针>毫针刺;目测类比评分从优到劣依次为：浮针>火针+毫针刺>火针>温针>毫针刺＞电针;③直接Meta分析结果与网状Meta分析结果高度契合,表明直接比较与间接比较具有一致性,即可传递性;④结论：临床上治疗肱骨外上髁炎时可优先选择浮针疗法,但各针刺疗法间互有优劣,临床实践中应结合实际情况及中医辨证选择合适的治疗方式。 ORCID: 0000-0002-2674-4716(石毓灵) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程     

Occult vaginal cancer recurrence after hysterectomy: a case report and literature review

Vaginal cancer is a rare disease of the lower genital tract. We present the case of a 54-year-old woman with occult vaginal cancer after hysterectomy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) III. Despite persistently negative cytology and colposcopy results, a lesion was finally detected by vagino-recto-abdominal examination and she underwent radical parametrectomy and lymph node dissection. We consider the possibility that transabdominal suturing of the vaginal cuff after hysterectomy may reduce the ability to detect subsequent vaginal lesions, and discuss the benefits of a vaginal suture approach. We recommend that suturing the vagina apex transvaginally instead of transabdominally would benefit patients during follow-up.     

Intergrative Health Care Method Based on Combined Complementary Medical Practices: Rehabilitative Acupuncture,Homeopathy and Chiropractic

Background

There are various models of health care, such as the epidemiological, psychosocial, sociological, economic, systemic of Neuman, cognitive medicine or ecological, ayurvedic, supraparadigmatic among others. All of them are seeking to combine one or more elements to integrate a model of health care. The article presents a systemic approach to health care with complementary medicines such as rehabilitative acupuncture, homeopathy and chiropractic through the application of a method of holistic care and integrated approach.

Materials and Methods

There was a participatory action research in January 2012 to January 2013, with a comprehensive approach in 64 patients using the clinical method. We included the environmental aspects, biological, emotional, and behavioral to identify, recognize and integrate the form of manifestation of the disease. Later, it was ordered in a coherent way the etiologic factors, precipitating factors and identified the vulnerability of the patients as well as the structural alterations, classifying them in immediate, mediate and late. Referred to the three disciplines: rehabilitative acupuncture, homeopathy and chiropractic to be seen doing references and against-references between them, evaluating the current state of health and each meeting by noting the clinical and behavioral changes submitted and thus the area of attention to which would be forwarded to continue their treatment.

Results

64 patients rotated by the 3 areas taking an average of 30 meetings with rehabilitative acupuncture, 12 with homeopathy and 10 with chiropractic. The changes were submitted clinical attitudinal, behavioral, clinical and organic.

Conclusions

The model of care was multifaceted and interdisciplinary with a therapeutic approach of individualization and a holistic view to carry out a comprehensive diagnosis and provide quality health care to the population.     

Ataxin-2 as potential disease modifier in C9ORF72 expansion carriers

Repeat expansions in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9ORF72) are an important cause of both motor neuron disease (MND) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Currently, little is known about factors that could account for the phenotypic heterogeneity detected in C9ORF72 expansion carriers. In this study, we investigated 4 genes that could represent genetic modifiers: ataxin-2 (ATXN2), non-imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome 1 (NIPA1), survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1), and survival motor neuron 2 (SMN2). Assessment of these genes, in a unique cohort of 331 C9ORF72 expansion carriers and 376 control subjects, revealed that intermediate repeat lengths in ATXN2 possibly act as disease modifier in C9ORF72 expansion carriers; no evidence was provided for a potential role of NIPA1, SMN1, or SMN2. The effects of intermediate ATXN2 repeats were most profound in probands with MND or FTD/MND (2.1% vs. 0% in control subjects, p = 0.013), whereas the frequency in probands with FTD was identical to control subjects. Though intermediate ATXN2 repeats were already known to be associated with MND risk, previous reports did not focus on individuals with clear pathogenic mutations, such as repeat expansions in C9ORF72. Based on our present findings, we postulate that intermediate ATXN2 repeat lengths may render C9ORF72 expansion carriers more susceptible to the development of MND; further studies are needed, however, to validate our findings.     

Autophagy in aging and neurodegenerative diseases: implications for pathogenesis and therapy

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, share a common cellular and molecular pathogenetic mechanism involving aberrant misfolded protein or peptide aggregation and deposition. Autophagy represents a major route for degradation of aggregated cellular proteins and dysfunctional organelles. Emerging studies have demonstrated that up-regulation of autophagy can lead to decreased levels of these toxic aggregate-prone proteins, and is beneficial in the context of aging and various models of neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of autophagy is crucial to the development of strategies for therapy. This review will discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms of autophagy and its important role in the pathogenesis of aging and neurodegenerative diseases, and the ongoing drug discovery strategies for therapeutic modulation.