Intraparenchymal fetal striatal transplants and recovery in kainic acid lesioned rats

Striatal kainic acid (KA) lesions induce behavioral and biochemical deficits which resemble symptoms encountered in patients suffering from Huntington's disease. In rats with KA lesions, fetal striatal transplants have shown to reverse the pervasive nocturnal hyperactivity induced by the lesion. In the present study 4.6 mm3 of fetal striatal tissue were delivered bilaterally into the anterodorsal portion of the lesioned caudate nucleus. Care was taken to deliver the transplant within the host parenchyma and away from the lateral ventricles. Locomotor behavior analyzed using the Digiscan animal activity monitors before and after the transplants demonstrated a reversal of the hyperactivity following transplants in 70% of lesioned animals. Microinjections of horseradish peroxidase delivered into the globus pallidus and substantia nigra of a small group of functionally recovered transplanted animals, did not reveal evidence for reinnervation between host nigra or pallidum and the transplant at 10 weeks post-transplantation. Other laboratories have reported anatomical connections by 6 months post-transplantation. Ventricular/brain ratios demonstrated that intraparenchymal transplants significantly reduced the ventricular dilation following KA lesion. These results suggest that functional recovery can be obtained when the transplant is immersed into the host's striatal parenchyma regardless of the existence of long-range anatomical connections.     

新生大鼠脊髓神经干细胞的分离培养及鉴定

目的　从新生大鼠的脊髓中分离培养神经干细胞并观察其增殖和分化能力。方法　采用细胞培养技术结合间接免疫荧光细胞化学法。结果　分离的细胞生长旺盛 ,单克隆化生成的细胞团 ,BrdU掺入呈强阳性。分离培养获得的细胞团呈Nestin强阳性 ,至今已在体外连续传代 8个月。培养的细胞团经 1%小牛血清诱导可分化为神经元和星形胶质细胞。结论　成功分离培养了新生大鼠脊髓神经干细胞     

噪声中EP信号的提取算法及研究进展

诱发电位的提取是脑电信号处理领域的前沿课题近年来 ,通过少次甚至单次试验提取诱发电位已经成为研究的主流。本文对近年来提取诱发电位的信号处理方法进行了简要的回顾 ,并分别从小波变换、神经网络、高阶累积量、独立分量分析等四个方面对算法进行了介绍     

杜仲对糖尿病大鼠扑捉行为和阴茎组织神经传导通路的影响

目的:探讨杜仲改善勃起功能的药效和病理学机制。方法:雄性糖尿病(DM)大鼠30只随机分为3组:A组(10只,DM大鼠赋形剂灌胃组)、B组(10只,DM大鼠西地那非灌胃组)、C组(10只,DM大鼠杜仲灌胃组)及10只正常对照组大鼠(赋形剂灌胃,D组);灌胃4周后观察4组大鼠扑捉行为,透射电镜检查阴茎组织有髓神经纤维超微特征;用免疫组化二步法显示阴茎组织中神经元型一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)的表达。结果:与A组比较,C组大鼠扑捉次数显著增多(P<0.05),阴茎组织中nNOS表达显著增强(P<0.001)。透射电镜显示:A组大鼠阴茎组织有髓神经纤维排布失序,部分变性、板层分离形成透明空泡或网络状,C组大鼠有髓神经纤维排列规整,板层结构清晰。结论:杜仲可通过减轻有髓神经的损伤、增强阴茎组织中nNOS表达改善ED。     

神经干细胞的端粒酶活性与其增殖分化的关系

目的探讨体外培养的神经干细胞端粒酶活性与细胞增殖、分化的关系,以及细胞分化后端粒酶逆转录酶的表达情况。方法采用无血清培养法从新生大鼠脑皮质分离培养神经干细胞；通过免疫荧光细胞染色鉴定神经干细胞；细胞计数法检测细胞的增殖情况；TRAP-ELISA法测定神经干细胞的端粒酶活性：RT-PCR法和Western-blot法测定细胞分化前后的端粒酶逆转录酶的表达。结果从新生大鼠脑皮质分离培养的神经干细胞具有端粒酶活性；体外培养12周内,神经干细胞的端粒酶活性未见变化,细胞的增殖速率亦未见明显不同；神经干细胞分化后端粒酶活性丧失,端粒酶逆转录酶的mRNA和蛋白质也均未见表达。结论在体外培养过程中,大鼠脑神经干细胞的端粒酶活性和细胞增殖速率未见变化；神经干细胞分化后端粒酶活性丧失,可能是由于端粒酶逆转录酶停止表达所致。     

Axonal swellings in human intramuscular nerves.

The presence, morphology, distribution, and abundance of axonal swellings in intramuscular nerves were evaluated. Axonal swellings were present in intramuscular nerves in 42% of 127 muscle biopsies from patients with a variety of conditions. The incidence was highest in muscle from patients with peripheral neuropathy, but swellings were present in muscle from patients with motor neuron disease, primary muscle diseases, and some individuals without clinical or histological evidence of neuromuscular disease. The greatest number of swellings in intramuscular nerves was in muscle from patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy. Swellings were spherical or elliptical, 4-20 microns in diameter, 5-30 microns in length, and composed of neurofilaments. Swellings were present only in myelinated axons of intramuscular nerves, proximal to nodes of Ranvier or in internodal regions. Swellings were not associated with axonal degeneration. They were probably not transported. The formation or accumulation of swellings may reflect altered axonal dynamics common to a number of disease processes.     

人胚脑与脊髓神经干细胞体外生物学特性的差异

目的:探讨人胚脑源性神经干细胞和脊髓源性神经干细胞的体外培养和分化的差异。方法:从人胚脑组织和脊髓组织中分离培养神经干细胞,分为EGF组、bFGF组、EGF±bFGF组,在连续传代过程中观察并比较神经干细胞体外培养特性的差异:用血清诱导神经干细胞分化,观察其分化状况的不同。结果:从人胚脑组织分离的细胞在bFGF 单独存在时无法形成神经球,在EGF或EGF±bFGF存在时形成大量具有连续增殖能力的神经球;从人胚脊髓组织分离的细胞在EGF单独存在时无法形成神经球,在bFGF单独存在时只形成少量神经球,在EGF±bFGF存在时形成大量具有连续增殖能力的神经球。同样在EGF±bFGF存在的情况下,脑源性于细胞的增殖速度较快。经血清诱导后,脑组织来源的干细胞分化为NSE阳性细胞数明显多于脊髓组织来源的干细胞,二者之间的差异具有显著性(P<0．05)。结论:脑源性和脊髓源性神经干细胞在生长和分化方面有明显差别:脑源性神经干细胞可在bFGF或EGF士bFGF存在的情况下长期传代,而脊髓源性神经干细胞只能在EGF±bFGF存在的情况下长期传代,脑源性干细胞的增殖能力明显高于脊髓源性干细胞;脑源性干细胞较脊髓源性干细胞更易分化为神经元。     

室管膜细胞在大鼠脊髓损伤后的反应性增生

目的旨在探讨成年大鼠脊髓损伤后室管膜细胞的增殖反应,为进一步促进脊髓损伤后自身修复提供理论依据。方法应用动脉瘤夹压迫建立大鼠脊髓压迫损伤模型,通过组织病理学及免疫组织化学方法检测不同时段室管膜细胞的反应性增生和神经外胚层多潜能细胞特异性抗原巢蛋白(nestin)的表达。结果常规病理学检查显示损伤模型类似于临床常见的脊髓横贯伤,损伤后24h可以观察到室管膜细胞nestin表达明显升高,增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)呈阳性;1周后见室管膜细胞显著增生;nestin的表达随时间进展呈向下调节。结论静止的室管膜细胞有潜在的增殖能力,在脊髓损伤后表现出明显的分裂增生,可能在结构和功能重塑过程中起作用。     

Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of an Atriofascicular Pathway During Atrial Fibrillation:

Atriofascicular Ablation During Fibrillation. Introduction: A male patient with an atriofascicular pathway underwent catheter ablation of the atriofascicular pathway during atrial fibrillation.
Methods and Results: The patient had preexcited atrial fibrillation both clinically and repeatedly during electrophysioiogic study. A preexcited tachycardia with a 1:1 AV relationship and regular RR intervals was also induced. Catheter ablation of the atriofascicular pathway could only be performed during persistent atrial fibrillation, based on mapping of the pathway's insertion into the right bundle branch. Following successful ablation and cardioversion to sinus rhythm, a regular QRS tachycardia (atrioventricular [AV] nodal reentry) having (he same rate, atrial activation sequence, and His-atrial time as the regular preexcited tachycardia noted preablation was initiated. An AV nodal slow pathway modification eliminated this tachycardia. Neither atrial fibrillation nor AV nodal reentry has recurred on follow-up.
Conclusion: This is the first report of atriofascicular mapping and ablation performed exclusively during atrial fibrillation and illustrates the utility of mapping the pathway's ventricular insertion. Other unusual features ("bystander" pathway activation during AV nodal reentry, possible role of the pathway in genesis of atrial fibrillation) are discussed.     

神经网络分析方法用于心脏病诊断的研究

神经网络可以很好的拟合任意的非线性函数。我们从 QRS波群的高频三维频谱中提取出一些定量的特征参数 ,用神经网络的方法对这些参数进行有监督的学习训练 ,最终能在由这些特征参数张成的 m维空间中构建出一个 m维的曲面来区分病人和健康人的 QRS波群高频三维频谱 ,从而使得训练后的网络能基于 QRS波群的高频三维频谱自行诊断出病人和健康人