关节镜辅助下钢板内固定治疗关节内跟骨骨折

[目的]探讨分析关节镜辅助下钢板内固定治疗关节内跟骨骨折的方法和疗效;[方法]对78位患者，86例累及关节面的跟骨骨折在关节镜辅助下行切开复位钢板内固定术，术后平均随访18个月（12～30个月），通过比较术前术后X线片和踝足功能的AOFAS评分对治疗效果作分析评价．[结果]86例关节内跟骨骨折术后X线示复位满意．与术前存在显著性差异（P〈0．01），AOFAS评分优良率91．86％．[结论]对于关节内跟骨骨折，采用关节镜辅助钢板内固定更加接近解剖复位，足部功能恢复满意且并发症少     

国外经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术后留置动脉鞘管的护理进展

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（PTCA）是近30年来治疗冠心病的主要技术之一，其相应的护理技术在过去近10年里有着明显的改进。本文以穿刺股动脉途径为重点综述国外PTCA术后留置动脉鞘管的护理进展：动脉外鞘管拔除责任者、拔除时间、拔管后局部压迫方法等内容，旨在提升PTCA术后的护理质量。     

锁定加压钢板微创固定治疗肱骨干骨折的初步报告

目的探讨锁定加压钢板(LCP)经肱骨前侧入路微创穿皮固定治疗肱骨干骨折的方法及疗效。方法2004年2月-2005年1月间,使用LCP经肱骨前侧入路微创穿皮固定治疗肱骨干骨折17例,男12例,女5例;年龄18-75岁(平均48岁)。根据AO分型:A型3例,B型10例,C型4例。结果经14-25个月(平均19．1个月)随访,17例患者全部愈合。骨折愈合时间为9-14周(平均11．3周)。末次随访时,肩关节前屈135°-180°(平均174°),后伸20°-40°(平均38°),外展70°-90°(平均87°);肘关节前屈115°-135°(平均133°),后伸-10°-0°(平均-1°);手臂肩残疾问卷表(DASH)评分6-44分(平均11分)。术后3例出现并发症:1例GustiloⅢB型开放性骨折发生浅表感染,经保守治疗后痊愈;1例术后出现一过性桡神经麻痹,3个月后症状完全消退;另有1例出现明显的肩肘关节功能障碍。无继发骨折移位及内固定物失效或断裂。结论LCP经肱骨前侧入路微创穿皮固定治疗肱骨干骨折可以提供稳定的固定,骨折愈合率较高,神经血管结构相对安全;更适合于粉碎性或骨质较差的肱骨干骨折。     

Role of intracortical mechanisms in the late part of the silent period to transcranial stimulation of the human motor cortex

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) of the human motor cortex produce a silent period (SP) following motor evoked potentials (MEPs). The early part of the SP can be explained by decreased alpha motor neuron excitability, whereas the late part is presumably due to suprasegmental mechanisms. In order to determine the level of the suprasegmental contribution to the generation of SPs, we recorded excitatory and inhibitory responses to TMS, TES, and percutaneous electrical brainstem stimulation (PBS) in the voluntarily activated first dorsal interosseous muscle of the hand. Stimulus intensities were set so that PBS and TES induced MEPs with areas equal to or larger than those of MEPs obtained with TMS. This procedure revealed that SPs were 49% and 83% shorter with TES and PBS, respectively, than with TMS. As TMS is more effective than TES or PBS in activating cortical interneurons, these findings support the idea that a significant component of the SP arises from intracortical mechanisms.     

Choice of open or percutaneous procedures in the surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia

The aim of this study was to define criteria for the selection of patients for percutaneous or open operations for the cure of drug-resistant trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Trigeminal percutaneous radiofrequency thermorhizotomy (TPRT) has an established place because of its safety in elderly patients, while microvascular decompression (MVD) has appeal in younger patients beause of its non-destructive nature and because it attacks what is believed to be the primary etiology of tic douloureux. Nevertheless, MVD is a successful operation only when true neurovascular conflict (NVC) is ascertained, rather than a simple arterial loop and neurovascular contract. Probably, many immediate failures and early relapses are the consequence of the inadequate patient selection for MVD on the presumption that this operation is in any case the ideal cure. The inadequate selection can be explained by the difficult preoperative diagnosis of NVC in the past. Indeed, angiography and computed tomography showed the neurovascular contact but not the size of compression. Fortunately, today magnetic resonance imaging is a reliable instrument to ascertain NVC. So, the diatribe between the supporters of percutaneous techniques and MVD can be concluded with the following: (1) percutaenous techniques are indicated for patients without demonstrated NVC (including patients with TN in multiple sclerosis) and in those with NVC if MVD is contraindicated by ill-health or refused by the informed patient; and (2) MVD is incated for patients with ascertained NVC who are in good health and who, informed of the surgical risk, favor this operation desiring no sensory deficit. Received: 23 June 2001 / Accepted in revised form: 24 August 2001     

人血清白蛋白修饰的尿激酶与天然尿激酶的家兔体内过程比较

家兔静注人血清白蛋白修饰的尿激酶(MUK)和天然尿激酶(NUK)40000IU后,MUK 的体内过程符合零级速率过程,NUK 则符合一级速率过程,血纤溶活性 MUK 持续100min,而 NUK 仅20～25min。在“功能性”去除肝肾的家兔,NUK 血浓度半衰期延长3～4倍,而 MUK 血浓度下降与正常家兔相似。MUK 及 NUK 在去除纤溶抑制物的优球蛋白成份中纤溶活性相似,但在血浆中 NUK 仅存24～35%的纤溶活性,MUK 则保留了64～85%的纤溶活性。提示肝肾的摄取、代谢和消除能力降低及对血浆纤溶抑制物抵抗力增强,是 MUK 血纤溶活性长时间维持高水平的主要原因。     

Nails in systemic disease

Nail plate and nail unit abnormalities may be helpful as diagnostic tools or as a part of the puzzle for confirmation of systemic disease. There are specific and nonspecific nail signs, which can be seen involving one or more nails, that occur simultaneously or secondary to systemic disease. Occasionally these clues can be diagnostic, while most are nonspecific reaction patterns. Nail changes occur in the nail plate as a result of nail matrix abnormalities caused by systemic disease and other systemic insults such as reactions to medications. In this article we review some of the more common nail signs that can be used to help diagnose systemic disease.     

寰枢椎侧块关节运动轨迹数学模型的探讨

应用最小二乘法拟合得到寰枢椎侧块关节运动轨迹方程 ,左半部是 :S(x) =-2 3 .2 42 9-8.663 1x-0 .45 91x2 ;右半部是 :S(x) =-19.683 8+ 7.15 5 4x-0 .3 5 2 6x2 。     

经皮穿刺髓核成形术治疗腰椎间盘突出症初步临床报道

目的　寻求一种简单、安全、有效、微创的椎间盘突出症治疗方法。方法　对 1 6例腰椎间盘突出症采用经皮穿刺髓核成形术 (Nucleoplasty)治疗 ,并对其疗效进行观察分析。 结果　全部患者经二周至一个月短期随访 ,症状均有不同程度改善 ,疗效优良率为 93 8% ,有效率为 1 0 0 %。未发现明显并发症。结论　髓核成形术是一种先进、安全、有效的椎间盘突出微创手术 ,具有操作简单、安全、微创、疗效佳、恢复快、无需住院等优点。