Clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus infections in healthy versus previously compromised host

In an effort to delineate the clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in the compromised host, we compared children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), congenital heart disease (CHD), premature birth, failure to thrive, and gastroesophageal reflux to previously healthy children. During a four-year period, 262 patients were admitted to the hospital with RSV infection diagnosed by a rapid RSV antigen detection test. Children with BPD or CHD had more hospital days and supplemental oxygen days than the previously healthy group (P less than 0.05). Patients with BPD also had more ICU days, ventilator days, and NPO days, as well as a higher physiologic stability index and therapeutic intervention score than the previously healthy group (P less than 0.05). Premature infants were more likely to present with apnea from RSV (P less than 0.001). Patients with underlying illness tended to be older, although significant difference was demonstrated only for the BPD group (7.0 +/- 5.3 vs. 3.5 +/- 3.3, P less than 0.05). Patients with BPD and CHD had more nosocomial infections than the previously healthy group (P less than 0.0001) and death occurred only in patients with underlying illness. We conclude that previously compromised patients are at risk for more severe and prolonged RSV disease. Earlier diagnosis and therapeutic intervention may be necessary in such patients to improve outcome.     

主动脉内气囊反搏对冠心病泵衰竭的治疗作用

为评价主动脉内气囊反搏（IABP）对冠心病泵衰竭的治疗作用，本文回顾性分析了7例因急性心梗心原性休克及冠心病心脏直视手术低心输出量而应用IABP的病例。结果表明行IABP后30分钟反搏压达65～130mmHg，心脏指数由1．60±0.20L／min／m2上升到2．27±0．20L／min／m2（P＜0．001），平均动脉压由47.0±16.0mmHg上升到85.3±25.4mmHg（P＜0.001），并有相应的临床改善，未见并发症。因此，IABP是治疗冠心病泵衰竭的有效手段。     

Validation of the VARC-3 Technical Success Definition in Patients Undergoing TAVR

ObjectivesThe authors aimed to investigate the rates, predictors, and prognostic impact of technical success in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).BackgroundThe Valve Academic Research Consortium-3 (VARC-3) has introduced a composite endpoint to assess the immediate technical success of TAVR.MethodsIn the prospective Bern TAVR registry, patients were stratified according to VARC-3 technical success. Technical failure differentiated between vascular and cardiac complications.ResultsIn a total of 1,624 patients undergoing TAVR between March 2012 and December 2019, 1,435 (88.4%) patients had technical success. Among 189 patients with technical failure, 140 (8.6%) had vascular and 49 (3.0%) had cardiac technical failure. Female, larger device landing zone calcium volume, and the early term of the study period were associated with an increased risk for cardiac technical failure, whereas higher body mass index and the use of the Prostar (Abbott Vascular Inc) MANTA (Teleflex) (compared with the ProGlide [Abbott Vascular Inc]) were predictors of vascular technical failure. In multivariable analysis, technical failure conferred an increased risk for cardiovascular death or stroke (HR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.37-2.95). The adverse effect remained when stratified to cardiac (HR: 2.62; 95% CI: 1.38-4.97) or vascular technical failure (HR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.28-2.95) and limited to the periprocedural period (0-30 days: HR: 3.42 [95% CI: 2.05-5.69]; 30-360 days: HR: 1.36 [95% CI: 0.79-2.35]; P for interaction = 0.002).ConclusionsTechnical failure according to VARC-3 was observed in 1 of 10 patients undergoing TAVR and was associated with a 2-fold increased risk of the composite outcome at 1 year after TAVR. (Swiss TAVI Registry; NCT01368250)     

新型半导体激光联合康复新液辅助治疗Ⅲ期/C级牙周炎的临床效果

 目的 分析新型半导体激光联合康复新液治疗Ⅲ期/C级牙周炎患者的临床效果。方法 选取2021年1-10月在武警特色医学中心口腔颌面科牙周组就诊且诊断为Ⅲ期/C级牙周炎患者60例,常规进行牙周非手术治疗,即行龈上洁治术、龈下刮治术及根面平整。术后采用自体比对,根据牙列的左右相对应分成对照组和试验组。两组均进行康复新液袋内冲洗含漱;试验组在此基础上加入新型半导体激光治疗。比较两组治疗的临床有效率,治疗前与治疗后1、3、6个月的牙周临床指数(牙龈指数、出血指数、探诊深度、附着水平)变化,治疗前及治疗6个月后牙槽骨高度变化。结果 治疗后试验组临床总有效率96.7%,高于对照组的90.0%(P＜0.05);两组牙周临床指数均较前有所下降,试验组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗后6个月,试验组的牙槽骨高度明显增高,对照组前后对比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 新型半导体激光联合康复新液辅助治疗Ⅲ期/C级牙周炎患者的临床效果显著,值得推广。     

功能性超声心动图参数在新生儿脓毒症休克中的临床应用价值

目的 探讨功能性超声心动图参数在新生儿脓毒症休克中的临床应用价值。 方法 纳入72例脓毒症休克新生儿,根据脓毒症休克评分最高值,分为非难治性组（42例）与难治性组（30例）,比较2组患儿临床资料、实验室检查结果、功能性超声心动图参数等资料,采用受试者工作特征曲线评价功能性超声心动图参数对脓毒症休克新生儿死亡的预测效能。 结果 难治性组患儿心输出量和心脏指数（cardiac index,CI）低于非难治性组,而平均动脉压与CI比值（mean arterial pressure to cardiac index ratio,MAP/CI）高于非难治性组（均P<0.05）。CI与MAP/CI对脓毒症休克相关死亡的预测界值分别为2.6 L/(min·m²)（灵敏度为79%,特异度为83%,曲线下面积为0.841,P<0.05）和11.4（灵敏度为83%,特异度为73%,曲线下面积为0.769,P<0.05）;CI对脓毒症休克新生儿28 d内全因死亡的预测界值为2.9 L/(min·m²),灵敏度和特异度均为69%,曲线下面积为0.717（P<0.05）。 结论 CI与MAP/CI有助于临床医生早期预测脓毒症休克新生儿的死亡。     

Obesity: epidemiology and possible prevention

Obesity can be defined as the excessive accumulation of fat in adipose tissue, to the extent that health may be impaired. The most widely used measures of total and abdominal adiposity are the body mass index and waist circumference. Obesity is now a global public health problem, with about 315 million people world-wide estimated to fall into the WHO-defined obesity categories with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or above.The primary causes of the rapid global rise in obesity rates lie in the profound environmental and societal changes now affecting large parts of the world and creating societies in which physical activity is low and the availability of high-fat, energy-dense foods has increased. Strategies aimed at preventing weight gain and obesity have not been successful to date but are likely to be more cost effective, and to have a greater positive impact on long-term control of body weight than treating obesity once it has developed.     

Intervention Versus Observation in Symptomatic Patients With Normal Flow Low Gradient Severe Aortic Stenosis

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to describe patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis with normal flow and low gradients and determine whether they benefit from intervention.

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并昏迷并非无创正压通气的禁忌症

目的 评价无创正压通气(NIPPV)治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性加重期合并昏迷的价值.方法 48例COPD急性加重期患者,按照格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)分为两组,GCS≤8为昏迷组,GCS＞8为对照组.比较两组间NIPPV治疗后的转归和治疗前后动脉血PH值、氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)、PaCO2.结果 昏迷组与对照组的NiPPV有显著差异(P＜0.01),两组间的APACHEⅡ分值无显著差异,两组治疗前与治疗后2、24 h的动脉血PH值、PaO2/FiO2、PaCO2均有显著差异(P＜0.05);治疗成功组与失败组的APACHEⅡ分值有显著差异(P＜0.05),两组间的GCS无显著差异.结论 NIPPV对COPD急性加重期合并昏迷患者疗效确切,值得临床推广.