不同手术方法治疗牙源性颌骨囊肿的疗效分析

目的分析开窗减压术、刮治术+引导骨再生技术(GBR)、单纯刮治术治疗牙源性颌骨囊肿的临床疗效。方法选择2016年8月至2017年8月于安徽医科大学第一附属医院住院治疗的牙源性颌骨囊肿患者60例为研究对象,经计算机随机分组结合患者意见将研究对象分为单纯刮治组(A组,28例)、刮治术+GBR组(B组,20例)、开窗减压组(C组,12例)。比较3组患者手术时间,术后并发症发生率,复发率及术后3、6、9、12个月囊肿体积缩小百分比。结果 C组平均手术时间短于A、B两组,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。3组患者术后并发症发生率及术后6、12个月复发率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。术后3、6个月,B组平均囊肿体积缩小百分比明显大于A、C两组,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05);术后9、12个月,C组平均囊肿体积缩小百分比明显大于A、B两组,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论相较于单纯刮治术和刮治术+引导骨再生技术,开窗减压术是治疗牙源性颌骨囊肿的一种微创、安全且效果可靠的治疗方案。     

Pyrosequencing: an accurate detection platform for single nucleotide polymorphisms

Pyrosequencing, a non-electrophoretic method for DNA sequencing, is emerging as a popular platform for analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This technology has the advantage of accuracy, ease-of-use, and high flexibility for different applications. Here, we review the methodology and the use of this technique for SNP genotyping, SNP discovery, haplotyping, and allelic frequency studies. In addition, we describe new schemes for template preparation and multiplexing as an effort for cost reduction in large-scale studies.     

骨形态蛋白联合引导组织再生技术修复牙周骨缺损

目的:评价骨形态蛋白联合引导组织再生技术修复牙周骨缺损的临床效果。方法:选择30颗牙周骨缺损患牙,其中骨形态蛋白联合引导组织再生技术治疗10颗(BMP组),引导组织再生技术治疗10颗(GTR组),常规牙周翻辨术治疗10颗(OFD组)作为对照组。术后12周、24周分别观察各组的牙周探诊深度(PPD)、临床牙周附着丧失(CAL)和龈沟出血指数(SBI)等临床指标变化。用SPSS10.0软件包对相关数据统计学分析。结果:3组术后PPD、CAL和SBI均有明显减少,BMP 组、GTR组与OFD组相比较,减少更为明显,有显著差异(P<0.05),BMP组与GTR组相比,PPD和CAL减少更为明显,有极显著差异(P<0.01),而SBI无显著差异(P>0.05)。术前与术后X线比较,BMP组牙槽骨密度增加更为明显。结论:骨形态蛋白联合GTR技术与传统的GTR术和牙周翻辨术相比,更能有效减轻牙周炎症、减少牙周袋深度、增加临床牙周附着水平和促进缺损处骨组织修复。     

人工髋关节置换术下肢不等长的预防处理

目的:探讨人工髋关节置换手术后引起双下肢不等长的原因及相应的防治对策。方法:选择25例人工髋关节置换作为研究对象。通过术前术中双侧髂前上棘及髌骨上缘反复测量验证,骨盆标准X线正位片股骨头模板运用确定股骨颈截骨平面及股骨距保留长度,术中进行软组织松解及反复验证假体试模。结果:术前测量患肢短缩(-14.2±6.1)mm,术后为(-3.8±1.5)mm,其中术后双下肢等长或长度差异在4 mm以内的22例(88%)。结论:通过术前骨盆X线正位片上测量评估,设定股骨颈截骨平面及股骨距保留长度,术中适当进行软组织松解,可有效预防术后引起的双下肢不等长。     

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction: a practical approach

Considerable time and effort can be saved by simultaneously amplifying multiple sequences in a single reaction, a process referred to as multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Multiplex PCR requires that primers lead to amplification of unique regions of DNA, both in individual pairs and in combinations of many primers, under a single set of reaction conditions. In addition, methods must be available for the analysis of each individual amplification product from the mixture of all the products. Multiplex PCR is becoming a rapid and convenient screening assay in both the clinical and the research laboratory. The development of an efficient multiplex PCR usually requires strategic planning and multiple attempts to optimize reaction conditions. For a successful multiplex PCR assay, the relative concentration of the primers, concentration of the PCR buffer, balance between the magnesium chloride and deoxynucleotide concentrations, cycling temperatures, and amount of template DNA and Taq DNA polymerase are important. An optimal combination of annealing temperature and buffer concentration is essential in multiplex PCR to obtain highly specific amplification products. Magnesium chloride concentration needs only to be proportional to the amount of dNTP, while adjusting primer concentration for each target sequence is also essential. The list of various factors that can influence the reaction is by no means complete. Optimization of the parameters discussed in the present review should provide a practical approach toward resolving the common problems encountered in multiplex PCR (such as spurious amplification products, uneven or no amplification of some target sequences, and difficulties in reproducing some results). Thorough evaluation and validation of new multiplex PCR procedures is essential. The sensitivity and specificity must be thoroughly evaluated using standardized purified nucleic acids. Where available, full use should be made of external and internal quality controls, which must be rigorously applied. As the number of microbial agents detectable by PCR increases, it will become highly desirable for practical purposes to achieve simultaneous detection of multiple agents that cause similar or identical clinical syndromes and/or share similar epidemiological features.     

引导想象训练对老年全髋关节置换病人围手术期精神认知状态的影响

目的 评估引导想象训练对老年全髋关节置换病人围手术期精神状态、疼痛和睡眠情况的影响。方法 选取2021年6月至2021年10月我院接受全髋关节置换术的老年病人90例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组（46例）和观察组（44例）。对照组给予基于加速康复外科（ERAS）的围手术期护理,观察组在对照组的基础上进行运动引导想象训练。术前、术后当天、术后第1天、术后第3天和术后第7天,采用数字分级法（NRS）、理查兹-坎贝尔睡眠量表（RCSQ）和简易智能精神状态评价量表（MMSE）测评病人的疼痛、睡眠及精神状况;使用护理谵妄评分表（Nu-DESC）筛查病人住院期间谵妄发生情况。结果 共有87例病人完成研究,总完成率为96.67%。重复测量方差分析结果显示两组病人疼痛、睡眠及精神变化存在时间效应、组间效应及交互效应,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。术后,观察组发生谵妄12例（29.3%,12/41例）,对照组发生谵妄24例（52.2%,24/46例）,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.689,P=0.030）。结论 运动引导想象训练有助于改善老年全髋关节置换病人围手术期疼痛程度、睡眠情况和精神状态。     

多中心药物临床试验项目立项至启动耗时分析

目的 探讨如何缩短临床试验立项至启动的耗时。方法 选取南宁市第一人民医院2020-2021年期间启动的Ⅱ~Ⅲ期多中心药物临床试验项目22项,分析启动前各环节的耗时情况,比较申办方和研究机构在立项审批、伦理审查和合同审签的耗时,并比较使用不同合同模板时对合同审签耗时的影响。结果 合同审签耗时最长;立项审批、伦理审查和合同审签3个环节中申办方和研究机构各方的耗时未见明显差异;使用研究机构的合同模板,申办方和研究机构在审稿环节的耗时以及项目的合同签署耗时都更短。结论 使用临床试验管理系统,开展差异化伦理审查方式,前置药品寄送和承诺书递交,使用研究机构合同模板或签订框架合同,建立行之有效的沟通方式都是缩短启动前耗时的有效途径。     

尿流率自动诊断系统的设计

尿流率检查对下尿路排尿障碍等疾病的诊断具有重要的参考价值,其可以客观的反映下尿路排尿功能的一般水平.而且具有无创、简便的特点,因此被广泛用于临床,作为对具有下尿路症状疾病和排尿障碍表现的患者进行一线筛选的手段.文中详细论述了一种以自适应模板为基础,以决策树为形式,对尿流率进行分类诊断的自动分析方法.