Sonodynamic Therapy: Advances and Challenges in Clinical Translation

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) consists of the synergetic interaction between ultrasound and a chemical agent. In SDT, the cytotoxicity is triggered by ultrasonic stimuli, notably through cavitation. The unique features of SDT are relevant in the clinical context more than ever: the need for efficacy, accuracy, and safety while being noninvasive and preserving the patient's quality of life. However, despite the promising results of this technique, only a few clinical reports describe the use of SDT. The objective of this article is to provide an extensive overview of the clinical and preclinical research conducted in vivo on SDT, to identify the limitations, and to detail the developed strategies to overcome them.     

案例教学法在消化内科见习课的应用效果评价

目的探讨案例教学法在消化内科见习课的教学效果和体会。方法选取2017年10月—2017年12月在消化内科进行见习课的2015级39-40班护理本科学生44例(全部为女生),抓阄分成对照组(22人)和试验组(22人),对照组给予传统的带教方法,试验组给予案例教学法教学,比较两组护生在理论、技能、综合能力和对带教满意度方面有无差异。两组学生在性别、年龄、专业前的课程成绩比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结果观察组在理论考核成绩、操作考核成绩、教学满意度等方面均高于对照组。结论案例教学法能提高护理教学的教学效果,增加学生的理论、操作能力,提高护理临床思维能力,提升学生的学习主动性和积极性。     

补肾纳气法治疗小儿支气管哮喘的临床分析

目的：探讨分析补肾纳气法治疗小儿支气管哮喘的临床效果。方法方便选取该院儿科于2013年3月—2014年11月收治的小儿支气管哮喘患者67例，根据随机数字法分为对照组33例和观察组34例，对照组患者予以氨茶碱片治疗，观察组患者实施补肾纳气法治疗，观察两组患者的治疗效果，进行临床对照性分析。结果对照组患者不良反应发生率24.2%，观察组患者不良反应发生率5.8%，观察组不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(P﹤0.05)；对照组患者总有效率60.6%，观察组患者总有效率85.3%。观察组患者治疗后总有效率明显高于对照组(P﹤0.05)。结论补肾纳气法治疗小儿支气管哮喘的临床效果好，应用价值高，值得在临床实践中推广应用。     

Family-centered Care for Sick Newborns: A Thumbnail View

Family-centered care (FCC) for sick newborns is emerging as a paradigmatic shift in the practice of facility-based newborn care. It seeks to transforming a provider-centered model into a client-centered one and thus build a new therapeutic alliance. FCC is the cornerstone of continuum of care, imparting caregiving competencies to parents/caregivers both within institutions as well as after the discharge. This has potential gains for the newborn, family members, and facility-level staff. The initial model piloted in tertiary-care settings is now undergoing translation at five sites across the country; the outcomes are keenly awaited.     

Comparison between a new platelet count drop method PL-11, light transmission aggregometry,VerifyNow aspirin system and thromboelastography for monitoring short-term aspirin effects in healthy individuals

Platelet function has been described by many laboratory assays, and PL-11 is a new point-of-care platelet function analyzer based on platelet count drop method, which counts platelet before and after the addition of agonists in the citrated whole blood samples. The present study sought to compare PL-11 with other three major more established assays, light transmission aggregometry (LTA), VerifyNow? aspirin system and thromboelastography (TEG), for monitoring the short-term aspirin responses in healthy individuals. Ten healthy young men took 100?mg/d aspirin for 3-day treatment. Platelet function was measured via PL-11, LTA, VerifyNow and TEG, respectively. The blood samples were collected at baseline, 2 hour, 1 day during the aspirin treatment and 1 day, 5?±?1 days, 8?±?1 days after the aspirin withdrawal. Moreover, 90 additional healthy subjects were recruited to establish a reference range for PL-11. Platelet function of healthy subjects decreased significantly 2 hours after 100?mg/d aspirin intake and began to recover during 4–6 days after the aspirin withdrawal. Correlations between methods were PL-11 vs. LTA (r?=?0.614, p?<?0.01); PL-11 vs. VerifyNow (r?=?0.829, p?<?0.01); PL-11 vs. TEG (r?=?0.697, p?<?0.001). There was no significant bias between PL-11 and LTA at baseline (bias?=?1.94%, p?=?0.804) using Bland-Altman analysis, while the data of PL-11 were significantly higher than LTA (bias?=?24.02%, p?<?0.001) during the aspirin therapy. The reference range for PL-11 in healthy young individuals was from 66.8 to 90.5% (95%CI). When aspirin low-responsiveness was defined as LTA?>?20%, the cut-off values for each method were, respectively: PL-11?>?50%, VerifyNow?>?533 ARU, TEG?>?60.2%. The results of different platelet function assays were uninterchangeable for monitoring aspirin response and correlations among them were also varied. Correlations among PL-11 and other three major assays suggested the ability of PL-11 to assess the treatment effects of aspirin. But a large cohort study is needed to confirm the cut-off value of aspirin response detected by PL-11.     

Endoscopic ultrasonography and small‐bowel endoscopy: Present and future

Over the last decade, impressive technological advances have occurred in ultrasonography and small‐bowel endoscopy. Nowadays, endoscopic ultrasonography is an essential diagnostic tool and a therapeutic weapon for pancreatobiliary disorders. Capsule endoscopy and device‐assisted enteroscopy have quickly become the reference standard for the diagnosis of small‐bowel luminal diseases, thereby leading to radical changes in diagnostic and therapeutic pathways. We herein provide an up‐to‐date overview of the latest advances in endoscopic ultrasonography and small‐bowel endoscopy, focusing on the emerging paradigms and technological innovations that might improve clinical practice in the near future.     

彩色多普勒超声诊断卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转的临床意义

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转的临床意义。方法方便选取2012―2015年该院收治的58例疑似卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转患者作为观察目标，入选病例均应用彩色多普勒超声进行检查，并将检查结果同术后病理检查结果进行比较。结果58例患者中，术后病理证实卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转者51例，彩色多普勒超声共确诊49例，检查准确率为96.1%；囊壁增厚、腹腔或盆腔积液、可见混合型团块是卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转的主要彩超表现。结论卵巢肿瘤蒂扭转应用彩色多普勒超声诊断，可显著提高诊断准确率，具有积极的临床使用和推广价值。     

Clinical analysis of high-intensity focussed ultrasound ablation for abdominal wall endometriosis: a 4-year experience at a specialty gynecological institution

Objective: To evaluate the long-term clinical effect of high-intensity focussed ultrasound (HIFU) as a non-invasive modality for ablation of abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) foci.

Methods: All women who were diagnosed with cutaneous endometriosis and underwent HIFU ablation and 4-year follow-up were included. Patient symptoms, imaging performed, HIFU ablation, recurrence, lesion location, size and number were collected and analyzed.

Results: A total of 51 women with 57 painful abdominal wall masses with a median volume of 4.00?cm³ and a mean age of 30.5±2.12 years were treated with HIFU. The main symptoms were a palpable painful abdominal mass (93%), protrusion of the skin (28.1%, 16) or lack of protrusion of the skin (71.9%, 41). Ultrasound was initially performed in 100% (51) of women, whereas 6% (3) required MRI examinations to distinguish the features and range of the masses. Ablation was performed with a median 300?s of sonication time, 40?min treatment time, 150?W of power and 41800?J of total energy to treat lesions that were a median volume of 3.83?cm³. No severe complications occurred, except in one patient with a first-degree skin burn, during the 48-month follow-up period. The pooled recurrence of cutaneous endometriosis occurred in 3.9% (2) of women.

Conclusion: The diagnosis of AWE should be confirmed with imaging of the lesion number, location, size and features before HIFU ablation. HIFU should be the first choice for the treatment of AWE as it is a non-invasive method, with high efficiency and safety and rapid postoperative recovery.     

高强度聚焦超声消融治疗子宫肌瘤时妊娠一例报告并文献复习

高强度聚焦超声(high-intensity focused ultrasound,HIFU)消融治疗子宫肌瘤作为一种新的非侵入性的治疗方式,已越来越广泛地用于子宫肌瘤的治疗。但是对于HIFU治疗时妊娠的处理及妊娠结局鲜有文献报道。本文报道1例HIFU消融治疗子宫肌瘤时妊娠的病例,结合文献复习,探讨子宫平滑肌瘤对妊娠的影响、子宫平滑肌瘤不同处理方式对妊娠的影响、HIFU消融治疗子宫肌瘤时机选择的问题、HIFU消融治疗子宫肌瘤若同时合并妊娠时胎儿去留的问题以及近期HIFU消融治疗子宫肌瘤后对流产手术操作的影响等,以期对HIFU治疗子宫肌瘤的适应证、选择合适的治疗时间及术后选择合适的妊娠时机展开讨论。