不同止血方式在新生儿PICC置管后的效果观察

目的 探讨新生儿PICC置管后有效的止血方式及减少肢体肿胀的方法.方法 对在我科住院治疗的132例需置入PICC管的患儿,在常规护理的基础上随机分为实验组和对照组各66例.对照组采用2×2cm的纱块按压穿刺点,外部用折叠后的绷带缠绕加压;实验组采取我科自制的纱球,如花生米粒大小（约0.5×0.8cm）,用其按压穿刺点局部,然后在其外部以透明敷贴加压,观察两组患者穿刺点渗血情况以及肢体肿胀情况.结果 观察组在穿刺点止血及穿刺侧肢体肿胀方面明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）,两组差异具有统计学意义.结论 采用自制消毒纱球作点状按压能达到快速止血的效果并且能够减少肢体肿胀的发生.     

凡士林纱布覆盖修复足背部皮肤缺损

目的：探讨凡士林纱布覆盖修复足背部皮肤缺损的疗效。方法选取2010年3月~2012年3月我院收治的16例足背部皮肤缺损患者，清创后均给予凡士林纱布覆盖治疗，术后观察创面愈合程度、感染情况及皮肤感觉恢复情况。结果术后随访18个月，均达愈合标准，术后伤口感染1例，术后1年感觉基本恢复。结论凡士林纱布覆盖修复足背部皮肤缺损疗效确切，方法简单，安全，经济实惠。     

李斯文教授运用扶正抑癌理论指导围化疗期治疗的经验

本文将李斯文教授运用扶正抑癌理论指导围化疗期用药的经验做简要总结。李教授认为,"围化疗期"的概念应从宏观和微观两个方面理解,并分别用扶正抑癌理论指导一线和二线治疗的围化疗期用药,在降低化疗病人毒副反应、提高生活质量、延长生存期方面取得良好的疗效。     

Intraconal gauze mass: An unusual complication of orbital fracture repair – a case report

Gossypiboma and textiloma are terms used to describe tumor-like masses caused by retained gauze or surgical sponges after any operation. It is a rare surgical complication, usually difficult to diagnose due to its variable clinical presentation and nonstandard radiological appearance. We describe here a rare case of orbital gossypiboma in a child after surgical correction of an orbital blowout fracture.     

扶正去邪分型辨治卒心痛

根据卒心痛的病因和发病机理，治疗应以扶正去邪为主，扶正即补虚，常用人参，改变了传统“诸痛不可补气”，“痛甚者脉必伏，用温药附子之类，不可用参术”的说法，提出“痛不可补气，但心痛亦可补”。并将补气法应用于各型中收效较好。     

Intra-abdominal packing with laparotomy pads and QuikClot™ during damage control laparotomy: A safety analysis

BackgroundIntra-abdominal packing with laparotomy pads (LP) is a common and rapid method for hemorrhage control in critically injured patients. Combat Gauze™ and Trauma Pads™ ([QC] Z-Medica QuikClot^®) are kaolin impregnated hemostatic agents, that in addition to LP, may improve hemorrhage control. While QC packing has been effective in a swine liver injury model, QC remains unstudied for human intra-abdominal use. We hypothesized QC packing during damage control laparotomy (DCL) better controls hemorrhage than standard packing and is safe for intracorporeal use.MethodsA retrospective review (2011–2014) at a Level-I Trauma Center reviewed all patients who underwent DCL with intentionally retained packing. Clinical characteristics, intraoperative and postoperative parameters, and outcomes were compared with respect to packing (LP vs. LP + QC). All complications occurring within the patients’ hospital stays were reviewed. A p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.Results68 patients underwent DCL with packing; (LP n = 40; LP + QC n = 28). No difference in age, BMI, injury mechanism, ISS, or GCS was detected (Table 1, all p > 0.05). LP + QC patients had a lower systolic blood pressure upon ED presentation and greater blood loss during index laparotomy than LP patients. LP + QC patients received more packed red blood cell and fresh frozen plasma resuscitation during index laparotomy (both p < 0.05). Despite greater physiologic derangement in the LP + QC group, there was no difference in total blood products required after index laparotomy until abdominal closure (LP vs LP + QC; p > 0.05). After a median of 2 days until abdominal closure in both groups, no difference in complications rates attributable to intra-abdominal packing (LP vs LP + QC) was detected.ConclusionWhile the addition of QC to LP packing did not confer additional benefit to standard packing, there was no additional morbidity identified with its use. The surgeons at our institution now select augmented packing with QC for sicker patients, as we believe this may have additional advantage over standard LP packing. A randomized controlled trial is warranted to further evaluate the intra-abdominal use of advanced hemostatic agents, like QC, for both hemostasis and associated morbidity.     

扶正化瘀方增加毛细血管化肝窦内皮细胞窗孔结构

目的：体外实验探讨扶正化瘀方对毛细血管化肝窦内皮细胞(liver sinusoidal endothelial cells,LSECs)窗孔 变化的影响。方法：扶正化瘀方药物粉末以0.46 g/kg大鼠体质量的剂量配制成悬液,给予10只Sprague Dawley (SD)大 鼠灌胃,采取二次重复给药方式,1 h后心脏采血提取扶正化瘀方药物血清(扶正化瘀方组,n=10),同法以三蒸水灌 胃10只SD大鼠,提取血清作为对照血清(对照组,n=10)。两组血清均以10%的浓度配成培养基,以其培养体外传代 的LSECs,观察不同条件下体外传代的LSECs vWF和CD31的蛋白表达情况,并用电镜观察LSECs窗孔结构的变化。 结果：1)免疫细胞化学及Western印迹结果均显示：扶正化瘀方组体外传代的LSECs表达vWF和CD31蛋白均较对 照组明显下调,扶正化瘀方组vWF 和CD31的灰度值分别为0.548±0.020和0.262±0.010,对照组分别为0.845±0.090和 0.383±0.010,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(分别t=5.18,9.61,均P<0.05)。2)扫描电镜显示：对照组LSECs大部分窗 孔处于闭塞甚至消失状态,而扶正化瘀方组LSECs表面窗孔的数目明显增多、增大。结论：扶正化瘀方可抑制肝窦内 皮细胞vWF和CD31的表达,增加细胞表面的窗孔结构,具有潜在的逆转肝窦毛细血管化的作用。     

生肌化瘀方不同溶剂提取物对大鼠深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的治疗作用

目的：：探讨生肌化瘀方不同溶剂提取部位对伤口愈合的影响,阐明其在深II度烧伤创面愈合过程中所起的重要作用。方法：大鼠随机分成6组(每组10只)：空白组(生理盐水组)、阳性对照组(积雪草苷组)、生肌化瘀方石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇提取物组。将生肌化瘀方不同溶剂提取部位应用于大鼠背部深Ⅱ度烫伤模型,通过不同时间点创面愈合情况、计算机图像分析,活检标本的细胞DNA周期分析及创面组织病理切片等方法观察了上皮愈合的情况。结果：生肌化瘀方氯仿部位创面平均愈合时间为(15.67±1.12)d,空白组为(22.87±1.01)d(P<0.01);氯仿部位创面羟脯氨酸及S期细胞百分比明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论：生肌化瘀方氯仿提取部位有明显的促进创面愈合的作用,为主要活性部位。     

一次性气管切开集痰保湿防护罩在气管切开术后患者气道湿化中的应用效果

目的 评价一次性气管切开集痰保湿防护罩在气管切开术后非机械通气患者气道湿化中的应用效果。方法 选取气管切开术后非机械通气患者48例,随机将其分入传统组(n=16)、实验组(n=16)和对照组(n=16)。传统组采用2层湿纱布覆盖气管切开导管口进行湿化,实验组使用防护罩湿化,对照组使用人工鼻湿化。比较3组患者呼吸功能、气道温度和湿度、Ⅲ度黏痰以及湿化不足并发症的发生情况。结果 3组患者血氧饱和度、动脉血氧分压和动脉血二氧化碳分压在时间效应、组间效应及交互效应上比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。干预7 d后,实验组吸气温度高于对照组(P＜0.05),吸气湿度低于对照组(P＜0.05),且均高于传统组(P＜0.05);3组呼气温度比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),实验组与对照组呼气湿度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但2组均高于传统组(P＜0.001);3组的痰液黏稠度比较,差异有统计学意义(χ²=6.400,P=0.041),3组气道出血及肺部感染发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ²=3.091,P=0.230;χ²=1.948,P=0.763)。结论 一次性气管切开集痰保湿防护罩能提升气管切开术后患者气道温度和湿度,有效湿化气道。