Real-time visual detection of Pi released by flagellar dynein ATPase

 Using a novel fluorescent probe for P_i, a method for the direct visualization of P_i release from reactivated flagellar dynein ATPase has been developed. The probe undergoes a fluorescence increase when it binds P_i. The technique involves simultaneous imaging of demembranated sperm tails by epi-fluorescence and dark-field microscopy, and the use of the caged ATP technique for axoneme reactivation. To limit diffusion and thus maintain the released P_i within the observed field of view, the assay is carried out within a minute droplet under oil (volume 5–15 pl). The video output of a recursively filtered ICCD camera is used to visualize the fluorescence signal, which is subsequently digitized and automatically analysed on a PC. A major advantage of this technique is that it enables simultaneous analysis of the ATP-utilization rate and the motility of the reactivated axonemes. Received: 24 November 1998 / Received after revision: 21 January 1999 / Accepted: 22 January 1999     

精神分裂症及其健康一级亲属全血11种微量元素的测定与分析

目的：探讨精神分裂症患者及其健康一级亲属全血微量元素含量与精神分裂症之间的关系。方法：采用等离子发光法测定了６６例精神分裂症病人、２４例精神分裂症患者的健康一级亲属、５０例正常对照３组人群全血１１种微量元素的含量。结果：精神分裂症病人 Ａｌ、 Ｃｕ、 Ｚｎ、 Ｂａ、 Ｃｒ 的含量显著低于正常对照组（ Ｐ＜ ００５）, Ｆｅ、 Ｍ ｇ、 Ｂ 含量显著高于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ００５）,一级亲属组 Ｆｅ、 Ｍ ｇ、 Ｂ含量显著高于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ００５）,同时 Ｃｕ、 Ｃａ、 Ｂａ 低于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ００５）;精神分裂症患者与其健康一级亲属相比微量元素含量无明显差异（ Ｐ＞ ００５）。结论：微量元素的代谢异常可能是精神分裂症病理过程的表现,同时遗传因素在精神分裂症的发病过程中有一定作用。     

安国引种黄芪的质量初步评价

测定安国县１０个村引种黄芪药材中黄芪甲苷含量,平均值为０．１９９％,比传统道地黄芪高２倍,比《中国药典》标准（不得少于０．０４％）高近４倍,但外观质量难以相比,１０个村黄芪药材中砷、汞、铅、镉、镍、钴等 ６种元素的平均值分别为 ０． ２４４、０． ００９、１．７３１、０． ０３６、０． ２１４、０． ３０２ μｇ／ｇ,与土壤中６种元素的比值即富集系数≤０．５。     

低性血症和热性惊厥的关系

目的：判断发热惊厥小儿在发作期血锌水平的变化。方法：全部病儿分为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ３ 组,分别检测血锌浓度,其中Ａ组有高热惊厥组两次采血送检。结果：发热惊厥时血锌值明显减低（ Ｐ＜０－０１） ,且在１ 周后检测依然偏低。结论：发热惊厥患儿应及时检测血清锌水平以及时确定是否补锌,对预防高热惊厥发生可能有益。     

药物中微量元素的测定

目的：检测营养制剂善存片中各种微量元素的含量,并就样品前处理及测定进行方法学探讨。方法：采用３ 种不同方法处理善存片样品,然后用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪优化测试条件后,测定铁、镁、锌、锰、铬、钼、钙等１１ 种微量元素的含量。结果：各种微量元素的含量与药盒所标数据基本一致。结论：确定了先用硝酸消化,再用石墨炉灰化为最佳样品处理方法。测定时选４ 点作标准工作曲线,既不会使操作太复杂,又能保证测定的精密度     

牡蛎壳与龙骨成分的分析

目的　通过对牡蛎壳与龙骨成分分析,为牡蛎壳替代龙骨提供药用价值方面的依据。　方法　采用原子吸收光谱法、等离子发射光谱法和氨基酸自动分析法对闽产牡蛎壳与龙骨成分进行分析。　结果　牡蛎壳和龙骨的钙含量分别为３９．７８％ ±０．２３％ , ３１．９８％ ±０．１４％ ;两者均含有９ 种微量元素;龙骨含７ 种氨基酸,牡蛎含１７ 种氨基酸。　结论　牡蛎壳与龙骨的无机元素成分基本相同。     

纳络酮用于改善小鼠学习记忆障碍的研究

采用口服氯化铝建立小鼠学习记忆障碍模型,应用跳台法观察了纳络酮对铝(Al)中毒所致小鼠学习记忆障碍的改善作用,用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定血锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)等含量.结果显示,氯化铝可导致小鼠学习记忆障碍,且有降低血Zn、Cu含量的作用(P<0.05);纳络酮治疗有改善Al中毒小鼠学习记忆障碍的作用,同时也增加了血Zn、Cu的含量.     

A subpopulation of neurons in the rat rostral nucleus of the solitary tract that project to the parabrachial nucleus express glutamate-like immunoreactivity

In rodents, gustatory information is transmitted from second order neurons in the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract (rNST) to the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) in the pons. The chemical nature of this projection is unknown. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to determine if rNST neurons that project to the PBN express glutamate-like immunoreactivity. Projection neurons were retrogradely labeled following stereotaxic injection of rhodamine-filled latex microspheres into the right PBN of seven rats while glutamate-immunoreactive (GLU-IR) structures were visualized in the same tissue using an immunoperoxidase procedure. The number of single- and double-labeled neurons located in the right (ipsilateral) and left rNST, in each of the nuclear subdivisions as well as their position along the rostral-caudal axis of the rNST was determined. GLU-IR cell bodies were located throughout the rNST. Although the rostral central subdivision contained the highest percentage (33.8%) of GLU-IR perikarya, immunolabeled neurons were most concentrated (number/area of subdivision) within the medial subnucleus. The rostral third of the rNST contained the fewest (20. 5%) and lowest density of GLU-IR cell bodies. The highest percentage of rNST neurons retrogradely labeled from the PBN were located ipsilateral (85.4%) to the pontine injection site, in the middle third of the nucleus (44.2%) and within the rostral central subdivision (52.4%). Overall, 18% of the labeled rNST projection neurons were GLU-IR. The distribution of double-labeled neurons mirrored that of the projection neurons with the largest number located in the ipsilateral rNST (84.5%), middle third of the nucleus (40.5%) and rostral central subdivision (64.7%). These results indicate that glutamate may be a main component of the ascending pathway from the rNST to the PBN. In addition, since GLU-IR neurons were located throughout the rNST and most were not retrogradely-labeled, the current results suggest that glutamate may be an important neurotrans-mitter within the medulla.     

Short-lasting conditioned stimulus applied to the middle cerebellar peduncle elicits delayed conditioned eye blink responses in the decerebrate ferret

In delay eye blink conditioning, the conditioned stimulus (CS) ends at the time of the unconditioned stimulus (US). If the CS duration is decreased, there will be a 'trace' period with no ongoing CS before the onset of the US. During this period some neural activity has to continue after the CS offset to: (i) permit association between the CS and the US; and (ii) elicit a conditioned response appearing after the CS offset. In this study we test the role of the cerebellum in maintaining CS activity required for eliciting a conditioned response after the CS offset. Decerebrate ferrets were trained in a delay conditioning paradigm with an electrical stimulation of the forelimb as CS and of the periorbital area as US. The conditioned responses in the upper eyelid were monitored with electromyographical techniques. In well-trained animals, test CSs of short duration down to 0.2 ms were applied to the forelimb or the middle cerebellar peduncle, while the interstimulus interval between CS onset and US onset was kept constant at 300 ms. Test CSs of short duration applied to the forelimb elicited conditioned responses. More importantly, also a short-lasting CS to the middle cerebellar peduncle could elicit conditioned responses. The results indicate that precerebellar CS pathways are not required for maintaining the neural activity that elicits conditioned responses after the CS offset. It is suggested that neurons maintaining such activity are located in the cerebellum, either the cortex alone or the cortex and the deep nuclei.     

烹调油烟对大鼠睾丸毒性的影响

作者探讨了烹调油烟（ Ｃ Ｏ Ｆ）对雄性大鼠生殖性损伤的毒作用机制。按时相（２０、４０、６０天）给雄性 Ｓ Ｄ 大鼠吸入同一浓度（３６～５３ ｍ ｇ／ｍ ３ ）的 Ｃ Ｏ Ｆ,观察 Ｃ Ｏ Ｆ对睾丸及其微量元素的影响。结果表明,吸入 Ｃ Ｏ Ｆ４０、６０天时大鼠体重均有降低趋势;睾丸、附睾脏器及其与体重的比值均分别低于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ００５）,且呈时 效关系;染毒４０、６０天时精子含量和存活率显著降低,而畸形率明显增高,且死精子多;染毒４０、６０天时睾丸中 Ｚｎ、 Ｍｎ 代谢紊乱,出现 Ｚｎ 低, Ｍｎ 高,均呈时 效关系。提示, Ｃ Ｏ Ｆ对性腺具有明显毒性,同时微量元素代谢紊乱可能对性腺的损害起了重要作用。