EOLP不同椎板固定方法对颈椎曲度及轴性症状的影响

目的 探讨颈椎后路单开门椎管成形术(EOLP)不同椎板固定方法对颈椎曲度及轴性症状的影响.方法 回顾性分析天津市人民医院2009年1月至2012年1月因多节段脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)行EOLP的101例患者临床资料.其中32例采用传统缝线悬吊“门轴”(A组),35例患者采用锚钉法进行“门轴”固定(B组),34例患者采用微型钛板Centerpiece固定法(C组).对3组患者手术前、后日本骨科学会(JOA)评分,颈椎曲度变化及轴性症状评分进行分析.结果 3组患者平均随访时间为(31.83±5.10)个月,JOA评分改善率A、B、C组分别为(61.53±24.00)％、(60.72±19.82)％、(65.17±21.13)％,3组比较差异无统计学意义(F=0.41,P=0.67);颈椎曲度丢失A、B、C组分别为(3.38±1.51)％、(3.12±1.91)％、(2.24±1.30)％,3组比较差异有统计学意义(F=4.67,P=0.01);术后24个月轴性症状评分A、B、C组分别为(9.13±0.66)、(10.77±0.49)、(11.11±0.77)分,3组差异有统计学意义(F=88.30,P=0.00).JOA评分改善率与轴性症状评分无相关性(r=0.07,P＞0.05),颈椎曲度丢失与轴性症状评分呈负相关(r=-0.21,P=0.03).结论 EOLP传统缝线悬吊“门轴”法、锚钉固定“门轴”法、微型钛板centerpiece固定法均是开门法“门轴”固定的有效方法,但微型钛板内固定法可有效地减少术后颈椎曲度的丢失,降低轴性症状的发生率.     

CSM颈椎后路单开门扩大成形术后轴性痛预后分析

 目的 探讨多节段脊髓型颈椎病(cervical stenotic myelopathy,CSM)患者行颈椎管后路单开门扩大成形术后,影响术后颈肩轴性痛(postoperative axial pain,PAP)病程长短的相关危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2007-02至2010-02,武警后勤学院附属医院和天津市天津医院因颈椎管狭窄行后路单开门扩大成形减压,联合连续节段开门侧Centerpiece微型板钉固定患者344例,其中出现32例PAP患者,平均随访3年以上,根据PAP持续时间,将患者分为2~5个月较快和6~16个月内较慢恢复组,比较PAP两组术后6个月门轴侧骨槽融合率,日本矫形骨科学会(Japanese orthopaedic association score, JOA)增长率、末次随访较首发PAP疼痛(visual analogue score,VAS)和颈椎功能障碍指数(neck disability index,NDI)矫正值,术后即刻较术前颈椎屈伸度、曲度和椎管矢径矫正值,多元逻辑回归分析患者术前颈椎曲度、椎管矢径、颈椎屈伸度和术后门轴侧骨槽融合率对PAP持续时间的影响。结果 32例PAP患者均经非手术治疗,其中21例PAP术后2.8~4.8个月缓解,11例PAP术后6.9~15.5个月恢复,PAP较快改善组骨槽融合率高于较慢恢复者,差异有统计学意义(Z=2.18,P=0.04),门轴侧骨槽融合率系预测PAP病程长短的危险因素(OR=4.9619,P=0.0465)。结论 门轴侧骨槽愈合率显著提高并获尽早确切融合,有助于缩短颈椎管后路单开门扩大成形术后PAP恢复进程。     

Biomechanical evaluation of fixation strength of conventional and expansive pedicle screws with or without calcium based cement augmentation

Background

The expansive pedicle screw was originally developed to be installed in the bone of compromised quality, but there are some concerns whether it can provide enough fixation strength in the spine with osteoporosis or severe osteoporosis.

Methods

Twelve fresh human cadaver spines were stratified into four levels: normal, osteopenia, osteoporosis and severe osteoporosis. The vertebra was bilaterally instrumented with pedicle screws according to four protocols, including conventional pedicle screw without augmentation, expansive pedicle screw without augmentation, conventional screw with augmentation and expansive screw with augmentation. Screw pullout tests were conducted.

Findings

Given the same specimen, the fixation strength of expansive screw was significantly higher than that of the conventional screw. When the same type of screw was used, the fixation strength of the calcium based cement augmented group was stronger than that of the non-augmented group. The pullout strength and stiffness of the expansive screw, augmented conventional screw and augmented expansive screw groups at the osteoporotic level were comparable to those of the conventional pedicle screw group at the osteopenic level. However, under the severely osteoporotic bone environment, the pullout strength of pedicle screw with whatever placement protocol was significantly lower than that of the conventional screw group at the osteopenic level.

Interpretation

Our results demonstrate that (i) the expansive pedicle screw appears feasible and safe in either osteopenic or osteoporotic spine; (ii) calcium based cement augmentation can offer improved initial fixation strength of pedicle screws.; and (iii) no screw placement protocol we examined is efficacious in the bone at the severely osteoporotic level.     

两种减压植入内固定方式治疗颈椎管狭窄症：C5神经根麻痹及稳定性

背景：有部分学者认为颈椎管狭窄症减压植入内固定后神经根麻痹与颈椎稳定性以及颈椎生理曲度有关,目前还存在争议。 目的：探讨颈椎管狭窄症后路全椎板减压侧块内固定与单开门减压椎管扩大成形治疗后C₅神经根麻痹及稳定性。 方法：选取29例颈椎管狭窄症患者进行后路减压植入物内固定治疗。方法①：颈椎管狭窄症后路全椎板减压侧块内固定,在C_3-6侧块以及C₇椎弓根钉内固定,关节突关节处造成粗糙面。方法②：根椐治疗前对正侧位平片及动力位片结合MRI、CT影像学图片,明确不稳定的节段,给予相应节段侧块内固定、椎板行单开门减压,椎管扩大成形治疗。 结果与结论：29例颈椎管狭窄症患者随访8个月-2.3年,采用后路全椎板减压侧块内固定治疗的患者14例,植入后早期出现C₅神经根麻痹2例,远期症状复发出现不全瘫3例,二次手术行瘢痕切除减压治疗;采用单开门减压椎管扩大成形治疗的患者15例,治疗后出现C₅神经根麻痹肩外展功能不良1例,无治疗前症状复发病例。神经根麻痹最短6周,最长9个月均恢复。颈椎管狭窄症后路减压植入物内固定后,C₅神经根麻痹与节段稳定性、颈椎生理曲度、椎管减压程度、脊髓漂移范围是否相关以及发生程度、远期因瘢痕致再度出现椎管狭窄,两种治疗方式的区别是否有意义,目前病例数有限,有待病例及临床经验的积累与观察。     

骶管重建在症状性骶管囊肿后路手术中的应用

目的 探讨骶管重建在症状性骶管囊肿后路手术中的应用效果。方法 2010~2015年采用骶骨开窗后路手术治疗症状性骶管囊肿21例,其中12例术中行骶管重建（A组）,9例未行骶管重建（B组）。结果 A组术后脑脊液漏发生率（0）明显低于B组（33.3%,3/9;P<0.05）。术后随访6个月,术后a组11例症状明显缓解,1例稍缓解;b组8例明显缓解,1例稍缓解;均未发生囊肿复发。>结论 症状性骶管囊肿后路手术可有效缓解患者症状,术中进行骶管重建可减少术后脑脊液漏发生几率。     

Expansion of Spinal Canal with Lift‐Open Laminoplasty: A New Method for Compression Cervical Myelopathy

ObjectiveThis study is to introduce lift‐open laminoplasty and verify the increase of the spinal canal area following this surgical technique according to the preoperative anatomical measurement.MethodsThere are 82 patients (43 male and 39 female) analyzed in our study from January 2019 to December 2020. The average age was 63.2 ± 3.21 years (from 41 to 84 years). All of them were treated with open‐door laminoplasty, with a decompression segment range from C3 to C6. The increase of the spinal canal area after open‐door laminoplasty was measured on postoperative CT images of the patients, and the distances between both lamina‐facet junctions and lamina length was measured on preoperative CT images. Using the Pythagorean theorem for the equation of calculation area after the expansile open‐door laminoplasty. Based on previous measurement parameters, spinous process length, lateral mass width, distance between osteotomy line and lamina‐facet junctions line were additionally measured on preoperative CT images. Pythagorean theorem was used for calculating the area after the expansile lift‐open laminoplasty. The results were recorded and a statistical analysis was undertaken. Then, there were six patients (five male and one female) treated with lift‐open laminoplasty on C6, open‐door on C3–C5, who suffer from cervical spondylotic myelopathy from December 2020 to January 2021. The average age was 60.3 ± 1.7 years (from 56 to 71 years). Operation time, blood loss, and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score recovery rate were recorded. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed.ResultsThe increase of the spinal canal area after open‐door laminoplasty measured on postoperative CT images was 123.01 ± 17.06 mm² and the calculation of the increase of the spinal canal areausing the Pythagorean theorem after open‐door laminoplasty was 122.86 ± 15.86 mm². A comparison of the actual value with calculative value showed no significant difference (T value = 0.057, P value = 0.955). The calculation of the increase of the spinal canal area after lift‐open laminoplasty was 183.57 ± 62.99 mm², which was larger than that after open‐door laminoplasty (T value = 8.462, P value < 0.001). Mean operation time was 153.3 min and operative blood loss was 600 mL of the six patients treated with lift‐open laminoplasty. At 1 month follow‐up, all patients had recovered well. JOA score recovery rate was 37.6% and no intraoperative and postoperative complications occurred.ConclusionLift‐open laminoplasty could preserve nearly 100% of extensor muscle, avoid damaging C7 paraspinal muscles and C6‐7 posterior muscle‐ligament complex, reconstruct the spinous process firmly in the midline, and expand adequate spinal canal area after operation. These advantages could reduce the incidence rate of complications and bring better clinical results than traditional laminoplasty.     

养血止痛丸联合针刺夹脊穴对单开门椎管成形术后轴性症状的影响

目的 :探讨养血止痛丸联合针刺夹脊穴治疗颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术后轴性症状(AS)的疗效。方法 :73例术后出现轴性症状的患者,随机分为A组(口服养血止痛丸+针刺夹脊穴)和B组(口服神经妥乐平片),治疗3个月。运用VAS疼痛视觉模拟评分法于治疗1 d、1个月、3个月、6个月评定疼痛改善状况。结果:治疗1个月,B组VAS评分优于A组(P<0.05);治疗3个月,两组VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗6个月,两组比较A组总有效率82.4%优于B组的60.0%(P<0.05)。结论 :养血止痛丸联合针刺夹脊穴治疗轴性症状安全有效,且中远期疗效优于神经妥乐平。     

单开门棘突重建颈椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的：探讨单开门棘突重建颈椎管扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效。方法：应用上述术式治疗脊髓型颈椎病21例,男16例,女5例,平均年龄49岁,临床疗效采用JOA进行评分。结果：平均随访2年6个月,JOA评分平均改善率为76.3%,无一例发生再关门现象或颈椎反曲畸形。结论：单开门棘突重建椎扩大成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病效果较好,棘突重建是防止颈椎不稳及反曲畸形的有效措施。     

颈椎单开门OsteoMed M3钉板内固定椎管扩大成形术的临床应用

目的 介绍一项新技术在颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术中使用OsteoMed M3钉板内固定,评价其在颈椎疾患手术中的应用效果.方法 选择多节段椎间盘突出并椎管狭窄等颈椎疾患16例,行颈椎单开门OsteoMed M3钉板内固定椎管扩大成形手术治疗,术后随访半年以上.结果 16例患者全部得到随访,术后随访半年以上,术前JOA评分:9.06±2.380(5~13),术后JOA评分:13.63±1.408(11~16),差异有统计学意义(P<0.005),大部分病人症状明显改善,术后改善率57.5%.1例症状改善不明显的患者,二期实施前路减压固定融合术后症状缓解,无一例出现继发性椎管狭窄.结论 在颈椎单开门椎管扩大成形术中应用OsteoMed M3钉板内固定具有避免开门后再关闭,保持椎管扩大效果,同时对脊柱活动度影响小的优点,且操作简单,并发症少,适合临床运用.