Quality of life after pelvic ring fractures: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundPelvic ring fractures might have consequences for health-related quality of life (HrQoL). The main purpose of this study was to evaluate patients’ HrQoL after a pelvic ring fracture, considering the patients’ characteristics. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) and the Majeed pelvic score (MPS).MethodsOne hundred ninety-five patients (86%) with pelvic ring fractures who were conservatively or surgically treated in a level 1 trauma centre between 2011 and 2015 were included in this study (mean follow up: 29 months, range 6–61). A telephone survey of all patients was conducted. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were used for statistical assessment with the EQ-5D and the MPS. The MPS results were split into two age groups with a cut-off point of 65 years.ResultsEQ-5D: The mean EQ-5D Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for Tiles A–C was, respectively, 74 (SD 18), 74 (SD 19) and 67 (SD 21), and the mean EQ-5D index score was, respectively, 0.81 (SD 0.23), 0.77 (SD 0.30) and 0.71 (SD 0.26). Compared with Tile A, patients in Tile C experienced significantly more pain (odds ratio 6.28 (1.73–22.82 95% CI), P < 0.01). Clinically relevant differences in EQ-5D scores between Tile A and Tile C were seen in the domains of usual activities and anxiety and in the index score.MPS: The mean MPS of Tiles A–C patients in the <65 group was, respectively, 86 (SD 15), 81 (SD 17), and 74 (SD 16), and in the ≥65 group, it was, respectively, 69 (SD 15), 68 (SD 15) and 66 (SD 9). In the <65 group, significant differences in MPS results between the Tile groups regarding pain (P < 0.01) and the total MPS score (P = 0.04) were seen. Neither significant regression coefficients nor clinically relevant differences were found in the ≥65 group.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our study showed that pain was increased in patients with Tile C fractures, compared with Tiles A and B. Furthermore, Tile C patients had significantly lower EQ-5D index and total MPS scores. However, these problems were not seen in the ≥65 group.     

城乡地区青年人主观幸福感相关因素研究

目的了解城乡地区影响青年人主观幸福感的相关因素。方法采用生活满意度指数A(LS IA)量表,选取河北城乡地区184名20~27岁的青年人做问卷调查。结果①青年人的主观幸福感在性别,城乡,独生与否上没有显著性差异(t=1.2,-1.7,3.1;P>0.05);②青年人的主观幸福感在学历上存在显著差异(t=3.1,P<0.05);③青年人的主观幸福感在婚姻状况,抱负水平上不存在显著差异,但在家庭和睦上存在显著差异(F=3.36,P<0.01)。结论社会青年群体的主观幸福感低于大学生;青年人与其家人关系越和睦,其生活满意度指数越高。     

贫困地区农村HIV/AIDS综合预防管理及健康教育的模式研究

目的 探讨综合预防管理及健康教育网络模式对贫困地区农村居民艾滋病知识、态度及行为的影响.方法 采用类实验性研究,建立由县、乡、村、家庭4级网络为纵向结构,不同人群为横向结构,家庭为基本单位,妇女及青少年为重点人群的HIV/AIDS综合预防管理及健康教育网络模式,进行为期1年的干预.应用艾滋病知识、态度及行为问卷进行干预...     

Dermoscopic features distinctive for extraocular sebaceous carcinoma

We examined dermoscopic features of three cases of extraocular sebaceous carcinoma and reviewed the literatures. The yellowish structures, polymorphous vessels and ulceration were common findings in our cases and all cases of the previous reports. The appearance of whitish‐pink areas has not been described previously. Our results suggested that the combination of four dermoscopic features, whitish‐pink areas, yellowish structures, polymorphous vessels and ulceration might be distinctive in extraocular sebaceous carcinoma.     

Evaluation of the incorporation of an IOTA-ADNEX model in the discrimination of adnexal masses in our third-level hospital centre,taking into account the menopausal status of patients. Five years of experience

ObjectiveThe objectives were to estimate the performance of the IOTA-ADNEX model test after its incorporation into the ultrasound tests of our third-grade hospital gynecology service, as well as to assess whether its capacity of accuracy is modified when taking into account the patient's menopausal status.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted to clinically evaluate the diagnostic performance of the IOTA-ADNEX model test, which was performed between January 2016 and December 2021. The study included 573 women with an adnexal injury who underwent surgical excision within 180 days after ultrasound diagnosis and histological confirmation (gold standard). After the ultrasound exam, the injuries were classified using the ADNEX model. The study estimated the area under the receiver-operating-characteristics curve (AUC) of the ADNEX model for classifying between benign and malignant adnexal masses and compared the performance by menopausal state. Sensitivity and specificity were determined for different cut-off points.ResultsOut of the 573 women, 183 (31.9%) had a malignant tumor. The AUC of the ADNEX model for differentiating between benign and malignant adnexal masses at the time of ultrasound examination was 0.92 and the best malignancy threshold, detected by Youden index, was 22.5%. At this cut-off, the sensitivity of the ADNEX model was 91.8% and the specificity was 76.4%. However, it varies according to menopausal status: in the group of pre-menopausal patient, sensitivity was 86.1% (95% CI, 85.4%–86.8%) and specificity was 81.3% (95% CI, 85.4%–86.8%). In the postmenopausal group, sensitivity was 96.1% (95% CI, 95.6%–96.7%) and specificity was 68.5% (95% CI, 68.1%–68.8%).ConclusionsThe IOTA-ADNEX model is a reliable diagnostic tool to discard ovarian cancer. However, the accuracy of the test, at the same cut-off point, varies according to the menopausal state of the patient so it may be important to take it into account when taking decisions in clinical practice.     

创伤伤口患者居家洗浴与伤口感染现况调查及伤口感染影响因素分析：一项多中心研究

背景　创伤后洗浴是保持皮肤清洁的重要手段，但如何洗浴一直存有争议，有研究报道术后温水淋浴不增加伤口感染率，居家洗浴是否可行尚缺乏证据支持。目的　多中心调查创伤伤口患者居家洗浴及伤口感染的现况，分析居家洗浴与伤口感染的相关性以及伤口感染的影响因素，为选择适宜的洗浴方法提供依据。方法　2020年9月纳入13所医院伤口护理门诊创伤伤口患者为研究对象，设计创伤伤口患者居家洗浴与伤口感染现况的调查问卷，包括人口学资料、创伤伤口资料、创伤后洗浴及伤口感染资料等。通过问卷星链接或二维码自愿完成在线问卷的匿名填写及提交。分别采用描述性分析和多因素Logistic回归分析居家洗浴和伤口感染的现况及其影响因素。结果　共收到949份问卷，剔除2份无效问卷，有效问卷947份，有效率为99.8%。（1）基本资料：男460例，女487例；年龄18~100岁，平均年龄（50.2±17.9）岁。创伤持续时间（42.7±66.7）d，全皮层损伤和部分皮层损伤分别占55.8%（528/947）和44.2%（419/947）；致伤原因中以利器切割伤和跌倒外伤为主，分别占43.4%（411/947）和27.8%（263/947）。（2）伤后居家洗浴现况：伤后从未洗浴者占28.0%（265/947），带伤居家洗浴者占72.0%（682/947）；洗浴方式以温水擦浴为主，占76.7%（523/682），包裹和敞开伤口温水淋浴分别占18.3%（125/682）和5.0%（34/682）；洗浴以1次/周最多，占38.4%（262/682），其次为2次/周37.4%（255/682）和3次/周24.2%（165/682）。（3）伤口感染现况：伤口总感染率为36.0%（341/947），带伤居家洗浴者伤口感染率为24.6%（168/682），伤后从未洗浴者伤口感染率为65.3%（173/265），差异有统计学意义（χ2=136.900，P<0.001）；其中温水擦浴、包裹和开放伤口温水淋浴者伤口感染率分别为25.8%（135/523）、20.0%（25/125）和23.5%（8/34），差异无统计学意义（χ2=1.860，P=0.395）；居家洗浴频次1次/周者、2次/周者和3次/周者伤口感染率分别为32.8%（86/262）、22.4%（57/255）和15.2%（25/165），差异有统计学意义（χ2=18.173，P<0.001）。（4）伤口感染影响因素分析：以伤口是否感染分组进行单因素分析，结果显示，伤口感染组居家洗浴情况、洗浴频次、抗生素治疗情况、创伤持续时间、致伤原因、创伤深度、创伤部位比例与无伤口感染组比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，居家洗浴情况〔OR=0.30，95%CI（0.20，0.44），P<0.001〕、洗浴频次〔OR=0.60，95%CI（0.39，0.93），P=0.023〕、抗生素治疗情况〔OR=1.67，95%CI（1.20，2.33），P=0.002〕、创伤持续时间〔OR=1.64，95%CI（1.19，2.76），P=0.003〕和创伤部位〔OR=5.69，95%CI（2.72，11.90），P<0.001〕是伤口感染的影响因素。结论　居家洗浴和增加洗浴频次不增加伤口感染率，是可行的皮肤清洗方法。抗生素治疗、创伤持续时间超过30 d和腰臀部及四肢伤口可能增加伤口感染风险，患者可根据自理能力和伤口疼痛、伤口异味等因素选择适宜的洗浴方式和频次。     

Symptoms as the main problem in primary care: A cross-sectional study of frequency and characteristics

Objective. The aim was to study symptoms managed as the main problem by the general practitioner (GP) and to describe the frequencies and characteristics of presented symptoms when no specific diagnosis could be made. Design. Cross- sectional study. Setting. General practices in the Central Denmark Region. Subjects. In total, 397 GPs included patients with face-to-face contacts during one randomly assigned day in 2008–2009; 7008 patients were included and 5232 presented with a health problem. Main outcome measures. GPs answered a questionnaire after each patient contact. Symptoms and specific diagnoses were subsequently classified using the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC). Symptom frequency, comorbidity, consultation length, and GP-assessed final outcome and burden of consultations were analysed. Results. The GPs could not establish a specific diagnosis in 36% of patients with health problems. GPs expected that presented symptoms would not result in a future specific diagnosis for half of these patients. Musculoskeletal (lower limb and back) and respiratory (cough) symptoms were most frequent. More GPs had demanding consultations when no specific diagnosis could be made. Higher burden was associated with age, comorbidity, and GP expectancy of persistent symptoms when no diagnosis could be made. Conclusion. Interpretation and management of symptoms is a key task in primary care. As symptoms are highly frequent in general practice, symptoms without a specific diagnosis constitute a challenge to GPs. Nevertheless, symptoms have been given little priority in research. More attention should be directed to evidence-based management of symptoms as a generic phenomenon to ensure improved outcomes in the future.     

Black-fly assemblage distribution patterns in streams in disturbed areas in southern Brazil

Black flies (Simuliidae) are considered to be pests in rural and in some urban areas in the south of Brazil due to the bites of females. Little information exists on the factors that contribute to Simuliidae distribution in these areas. We sampled 39 streams in the state of Rio Grande do Sul in September 2004 to address ecological aspects. Of the 18 species collected, those that occurred in more than 50% of the streams were: Simulium subnigrum Lutz 1910, Simulium pertinax Kollar 1882, Simulium subpallidum Lutz 1910 and Simulium incrustatum Lutz 1910. Species richness was not influenced by any of the environmental or geographical variables considered, and there was no pattern of species co-occurrence, corroborating the hypothesis of a stochastic distribution of the Simuliidae assemblage. When analyzed individually, only three of seven species with occurrence frequency >30% were related to any of the variables measured. The probabilities of occurrence of Simulium jujuyense Paterson & Shannon 1927 and S. pertinax were higher in streams with high values of water pH and electrical conductivity, whereas the opposite was observed for S. incrustatum. Therefore, due to stochastic distribution, the population studies of Simuliidae are more suitable for predicting the occurrence of species in rural areas than are studies of assemblages.