TBS诊断系统在宫颈病变中的应用研究

目的：对642例查体病人的宫颈涂片进行分析，研究宫颈良性病变和癌前病变及癌变在正常人群中的的发病率。方法：应用TBS系统对兰州市某大型商场30～51岁妇女642例行子宫颈涂片，显微镜下阅片，作出诊断，并对SIL以上的病例行阴道镜下活检术，进行病理检查。结果：正常582例，异常60剜，全部病例中仅1例漏诊。结论：TBS诊断系统与病理和临床诊断趋于一致，具有很高的准确性和适用性。     

经后路钛网椎板成形侧块内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效观察

目的 观察后路钛网椎板成形侧块内固定加植骨术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果。方法 自1999年至今，共有16例脊髓型颈椎病患者经后路钛网椎板成形侧块内固定加植骨术治疗，对治疗结果进行临床及X线评定。结果 通过平均2年5个月的随访，所有病例都得到了改善，其中优6例、良8例、可2例，优良率为93．8％；术后椎管矢状径平均增加4．2mm，钛网无位置变化，并已被再生骨固定。结论 在进行后路减压的同时，钛网椎板成形及侧块内固定，尤其适用于有节段性不稳的脊髓型颈椎病并椎管狭窄、后纵韧带骨化症的治疗。     

中下段颈椎的应力松弛特性及前、后路手术对其的影响

目的 研究中下段颈椎的应力松弛特性，并评估椎间盘切除植骨术与椎板切开术对其影响。方法 6例新鲜尸体完整颈椎及手术后颈椎，在模拟生理状态下进行屈曲及伸展位的应力松弛实验。结果 在恒应变条件下，绘制术前及不同术式后的中下段颈椎的应力松弛函数及曲线；术后的中下段颈椎的应力和初始化应力比值G(t)比术前明显增大，前路椎间盘切除植骨术后的G(t)值比椎板切开术大，两者均有统计学意义。结论 在恒应变条件下，颈椎具有快速应力松弛敏感性，屈曲位比伸展位大。椎板成形术及颈椎前路椎间盘切除植骨术都使颈椎的应力松弛能力减弱，前路椎间盘切除植骨术的影响更大。     

Cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus testing after treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

OBJECTIVE: To compare current cytological follow up of women treated for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) with follow up by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) testing together with cytology. DESIGN: A cost-effectiveness modelling study. SETTING: Gynaecology clinics in the Netherlands. POPULATION: Women treated for high-grade CIN. METHODS: A Markov model was developed to compare six follow-up strategies with HPV testing with current cytological follow up at 6, 12, and 24 months. Model parameter estimation was based on three Dutch follow-up studies and a Dutch population-based screening cohort. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The number of CIN2/3 cases missed after 5 years follow up, the number of diagnostic procedures, and costs involved. RESULTS: Strategies with adjunct HPV testing were more effective than current follow up (reduction in missed CIN2/3 cases 32-77%, corresponding to a number needed to treat of 192-455) and less inconvenient (reduction in repeat smears 28-65%). A particularly attractive strategy was HPV testing alone at 6 months and both HPV and cytological testing at 24 months after treatment. This strategy yielded a high detection rate of post-treatment CIN, did not lead to an increase in colposcopy rate, and was 49 Euro per woman cheaper than the current strategy. CONCLUSIONS: Our model supports the use of high-risk HPV testing for monitoring women treated for high-grade CIN.     

Evaluating the impact of human papillomavirus vaccines

While two prophylactic HPV vaccines have been proven notably efficacious in clinical trials, the effectiveness of these vaccines at the population level remains to be evaluated. To lay the foundation for understanding the strengths and limitations of different endpoints for future effectiveness research, we present a comprehensive review of HPV-related clinical outcomes, including: (i) HPV type-specific positivity and persistence, (ii) Pap diagnoses (ASC-US, LSIL, and HSIL), (iii) histologic cervical cancer precursor lesions (i.e., CIN1, CIN2, and CIN3), (iv) invasive cervical cancer (ICC), (v) anogenital warts, (vi) recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), and (vii) other HPV-associated cancers (vulvar, vaginal, anal, penile, and oropharyngeal). While research on the vaccines’ effects on these HPV clinical outcomes in the general population is presently limited, numerous large trials will soon be completed, making a priori discussion of these potential outcomes especially urgent. Furthermore, population level systems to track HPV-associated clinical outcomes may need to be developed for HPV vaccine effectiveness evaluation.     

颈前路钛网植骨融合术后钛网沉陷的原因探讨

目的：探讨颈前路钛网植骨融合术后钛网发生沉陷的原因及其对临床疗效的影响，并提出相应对策。方法：回顾性分析在我院行颈前路钛网植骨融合术的各类颈椎疾患患者179例，观察患者骨密度、钛网修剪及放置情况、终板处理情况、钢板类型、植骨及椎体撑开情况等。采用日本骨科学会（JOA）评分法评价神经功能的变化。结果：有17例患者发生钛网沉陷，沉陷的原因主要为骨密度下降、钛网修剪放置不当、术中过度撑开、终板刮除过多、使用非限制性钢板、采用同种异体骨植骨、螺钉进钉深度过浅和方向不当、钢板放置位置偏斜等。术后所有患者JOA评分比术前平均增加3．5分（P〈0．01）。162例未发生钛网下沉患者术后3个月和6个月的JOA评分比术前平均增加4．4分和4．7分：发生钛网下沉患者中。6例有临床症状者沉陷时和沉陷3个月时的JOA评分为2．9分和3．8分．7例无临床表现者为3．3分和3．9分．4例有临床症状行翻修手术者翻修术后1周和3个月时JOA评分比翻修前提高3．3分和3．7分。结论：颈前路钛网植骨融合术后可发生钛网下沉，骨质疏松患者应该避免使用钛网。手术时应尽可能增加钛网与终板接触面积，多保留相邻终板，选用限制性钢板，尽量选择自体骨植骨，避免椎间过度撑开等。防止术后钛网沉陷。     

前路槽式减压长方体髂骨植骨固定治疗颈椎骨折

颈椎骨折常合并有不同程度的脊髓神经功能损伤及颈椎不稳定,对颈脊髓损伤治疗的目的是恢复颈椎的生理解剖关系,重建脊柱的稳定性,防止神经组织的继发性损伤,促进神经功能的恢复,早期无痛情况下的功能康复。2000年8月至2004年8月应用前路槽式减压自体长方体髂骨植骨钛合金钢板固定治疗下颈椎骨折46例,效果满意,总结如下。1临床资料本组46例,均为男性,年龄21~62岁,平均47·3岁。受伤原因:交通事故伤26例,坠落伤20例。骨折部位:C33例,C412例,C516例,C610例,C4、C5同时骨折5例。骨折类型:垂直压缩性骨折4例,屈曲型压缩性骨折23例,过伸型压缩…     

颈椎病合并下颈椎不稳的外科治疗策略

目的 探讨颈椎病合并下颈椎不稳的临床诊断、术式选择及手术疗效。方法 对手术治疗的32例颈椎病合并下颈椎不稳，分别摄术前及术后随访之颈椎正侧位、伸屈侧位X线片及颈椎MR检查。32例均经前路行减压、植骨融合、内固定手术治疗。以颈椎不稳节段与颈椎主要退变节段重合，并行减压内固定患者为A组，共7例；对25例颈椎不稳与颈椎病节段不重合，以其中仅处理颈椎病节段9例为B组；在处理颈椎病节段同时处理颈椎不稳节段16例为C组。以“40分”评分法分别对患者术前、术后随访情况予以评价，对数据分别行组间均值t检验及组内配对t检验。结果 经12～36个月随访（平均25个月），所有患者均获骨性融合，平均改善率61．2％。A、B、C组间均值t检验：术前差异无显著性（P〉0．05）、术后差异亦无显著性（P〉0．05）。各组内配对t检验，术前、术后随访差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论 在颈椎病合并下颈椎不稳的患者中，不稳节段与主要退变节段关系密切但往往并不重合。通过颈前路手术，在处理颈椎病节段同时处理相邻颈椎不稳节段，临床疗效满意。     

单侧半椎板"开窗"显微手术切除颈椎椎管内肿瘤

目的探讨单侧半椎板"开窗"显微切除颈椎管内肿瘤的手术方式的优缺点. 方法 23例运用单侧半椎板"开窗"法,在不破坏椎板完整性的基础上,用磨钻或小的椎板咬骨钳咬开单侧椎板形成"小窗",经小窗显微切除颈椎管内肿瘤. 结果 23例肿瘤均获全切,没有出现新的神经功能损害的症状,术后随访3～16个月,平均8个月,未见肿瘤复发和脊柱畸形. 结论单侧半椎板"开窗"切除颈椎管内肿瘤创伤小,有利于维持脊柱的稳定性,但也有暴露局限的缺点.