On the Relationship between Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Parameters and the Underlying Vascular Architecture Extracted from Acoustic Angiography

Dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) has been proposed as a powerful tool for cancer diagnosis by estimation of perfusion and dispersion parameters reflecting angiogenic vascular changes. This work was aimed at identifying which vascular features are reflected by the estimated perfusion and dispersion parameters through comparison with acoustic angiography (AA). AA is a high-resolution technique that allows quantification of vascular morphology. Three-dimensional AA and 2-D DCE-US bolus acquisitions were used to monitor the growth of fibrosarcoma tumors in nine rats. AA-derived vascular properties were analyzed along with DCE-US perfusion and dispersion to investigate the differences between tumor and control and their evolution in time. AA-derived microvascular density and DCE-US perfusion exhibited good agreement, confirmed by their spatial distributions. No vascular feature was correlated with dispersion. Yet, dispersion provided better cancer classification than perfusion. We therefore hypothesize that dispersion characterizes vessels that are smaller than those visible with AA.     

南充市社区中老年人群血脂血糖现状水平分析

【摘要】 目的 了解社区中老年人群的血脂、血糖现状水平，探讨其与性别和年龄的关系，为本地区心脑血管疾病、糖尿病等疾病的防治提供诊疗依据。方法 对我市38078名社区居民采集清晨空腹血清标本，检测血糖（GLU）、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL C）的结果，并对其进行年龄、性别分组统计分析。结果 不同性别和年龄组间的血脂、血糖水平差异有统计学意义（P＜005），74~89岁年龄组血脂、血糖总体水平高于其他各年龄组（P＜005）；女性血脂水平普遍高于男性（P＜005）。结论 中老年人群血脂、血糖异常率高，应定期对中老年人进行血脂、血糖监测，开展宣传教育活动，提高自我保健意识，预防高血脂、高血糖的发生和发展。     

Assessing the impact of blood alcohol concentration on the rate of in-hospital mortality following traumatic motor vehicle crash injury: A matched analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank

Background

The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of trauma patients who were injured in a motor vehicle crash and tested positive for alcohol upon hospital arrival versus those who tested negative.

40例职业性化学碱灼伤救治体会

[摘要]　目的　评估直接抗病毒药物（direct antivirus agent, DAA）治疗肝移植术后HCV感染复发的有效性和安全性。方法?回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院2011年2月—2018年12月收治的14例肝移植术后HCV感染复发患者的DAA治疗临床数据，比较患者基线与治疗结束后肝肾功能、血常规、凝血功能、病毒学水平以及无创纤维化评分天冬氨酸转氨酶血小板比率指数（aspartate aminotransferase-platelet ratio index, APRI）的差异。利用电子病历系统和电话随访收集患者治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果?所有患者均在治疗结束时达到病毒学清除，12周、24周持续病毒学应答率均为100%，DAA治疗后随访17～44个月，期间均未见病毒学复发。与基线水平相比，治疗终点时ALT、AST、TBIL、γ-谷氨酰转移酶以及无创纤维化评分APRI显著下降，WBC、HGB、PLT、CRE、肾小球滤过率和血糖等指标均未见显著变化。DAA治疗期间共3例患者发生不良反应，均为轻度，可自然缓解。结论?肝移植术后HCV感染复发的DAA治疗是安全有效的。     

枸橼酸咖啡因与氨茶碱对早产儿不同时相血糖值的影响比较

目的观察并比较枸橼酸咖啡因及氨茶碱对早产儿不同时相血糖的影响程度。方法选择新生儿监护室诊断为原发性呼吸暂停的出生胎龄＜34周的早产儿172例，采用随机数字表法分为咖啡因组与氨茶碱组各86例。比较两组早产儿用药前及用药后15、30min、1、1.5、2、4、6、12、12.5、24.5、36.5和48h血糖的变化。结果两组早产儿用药后除6、12和48h血糖值比较差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05），其他用药后时相比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。咖啡因组早产儿用药后30min血糖值上升，至1h达峰值，后逐渐回落；用药后30min、1、1.5、2及24.5h血糖值与用药前比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。氨茶碱组早产儿用药后血糖值上升，30min达峰值，后逐渐回落；用药后15、30min、1、1.5、2、4、6、12.5、24.5、36.5h血糖值与用药前比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论枸橼酸咖啡因可引起早产儿血糖升高，但升高幅度较氨茶碱小、持续时间也较短。     

Maximizing Breast Cancer Therapy with Awareness of Potential Treatment-Related Blood Disorders

In this review we summarize the impact of the various modalities of breast cancer therapy coupled with intrinsic patient factors on incidence of subsequent treatment-induced myelodysplasia and acute myelogenous leukemia (t-MDS/AML). It is clear that risk is increased for patients treated with radiation and chemotherapy at younger ages. Radiation is associated with modest risk, whereas chemotherapy, particularly the combination of an alkylating agent and an anthracycline, carries higher risk and radiation and chemotherapy combined increase the risk markedly. Recently, treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), but not pegylated G-CSF, has been identified as a factor associated with increased t-MDS/AML risk. Two newly identified associations may link homologous DNA repair gene deficiency and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor treatment to increased t-MDS/AML risk. When predisposing factors, such as young age, are combined with an increasing number of potentially leukemogenic treatments that may not confer large risk singly, the risk of t-MDS/AML appears to increase. Patient and treatment factors combine to form a biological cascade that can trigger a myelodysplastic event. Patients with breast cancer are often exposed to many of these risk factors in the course of their treatment, and triple-negative patients, who are often younger and/or BRCA positive, are often exposed to all of them. It is important going forward to identify effective therapies without these adverse associated effects and choose existing therapies that minimize the risk of t-MDS/AML without sacrificing therapeutic gain.

Implications for Practice

Breast cancer is far more curable than in the past but requires multimodality treatment. Great care must be taken to use the least leukemogenic treatment programs that do not sacrifice efficacy. Elimination of radiation and anthracycline/alkylating agent regimens will be helpful where possible, particularly in younger patients and possibly those with homologous repair deficiency (HRD). Use of colony-stimulating factors should be limited to those who truly require them for safe chemotherapy administration. Further study of a possible leukemogenic association with HRD and the various forms of colony-stimulating factors is badly needed.

     

鼻塞式同步间歇正压通气(NIPPV)联合布地奈德雾化治疗新生儿急性呼吸窘迫综合征疾病的临床应用研究

目的:分析鼻塞式同步间歇正压通气(NIPPV)联合布地奈德雾化治疗ARDS(新生儿急性呼吸窘迫综合征)疾病的临床应用效果。方法:纳入病例是2017年5月—2019年11月收治的104例ARDS新生儿,随机平均分为两组。参照组52例采纳CPAP(持续气道正压通气通气)治疗,实验组52例采纳NIPPV+布地奈德雾化治疗,对比两组呼吸机通气时间、用氧时间、住院时间、血气指标以及并发症发生情况。结果:实验组呼吸机通气时间、用氧时间、住院时间均明显短于参照组,差异有统计学意义P<0.05;实验组治疗3 d后PaCO2明显低于参照组,实验组治疗3 d后PH以及PaO2明显高于参照组,差异有统计学意义P<0.05;实验组并发症发生率(3.85%,2/52)明显低于参照组(21.15%,11/52),差异有统计学意义P<0.05。结论:NIPPV+布地奈德雾化可有效缩短ARDS患者机械通气时间,改善血气指标,降低并发症发生率,值得借鉴。     

艾尔巴韦/格拉瑞韦治疗慢性丙型肝炎患者疗效初步观察

目的 初步探讨应用艾尔巴韦/格拉瑞韦治疗慢性丙型肝炎(CHC)患者的疗效。方法 2017年3月~2018年3月仙桃市第一人民医院感染病科收治的CHC患者82例,被随机分为对照组41例和观察组41例,分别给予聚乙二醇干扰素-α联合利巴韦林治疗和艾尔巴韦/格拉瑞韦治疗,两组均连续治疗24周。采用RT- PCR法检测血清 HCV RNA,采用全基因序列测定法行病毒基因分型。比较两组早期病毒学应答(EVR)、治疗结束时病毒学应答(ETVR)和持续病毒学应答(SVR)。结果 在治疗结束时,观察组血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平为(47.9±19.7)U/L,显著低于对照组【(63.5±21.2)U/L,P<0.05】,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平为(55.5±22.3)U/L,显著低于对照组【(81.3±25.8)U/L,P<0.05】;观察组EVR、ETVR和SVR分别为48.8%、63.4%和70.7%,与对照组的41.5%、53.7%和65.8%比,无统计学差异(P>0.05);18例观察组非HCV Ⅰ型感染者EVR、ETVR和SVR分别为88.9%、94.4%和88.9%,显著高于同组23例HCV Ⅰ型感染者(分别为52.2%、60.9%和52.2%, P<0.05),而与对照组15例非HCV Ⅰ型感染者比,无统计学差异(分别为86.7%、93.3%和73.3%, P>0.05);观察组SVR₁₂为87.8%(36/41),显著高于对照组的73.2%(30/41,P<0.05)。结论 应用直接抗病毒(DAA)药物艾尔巴韦/格拉瑞韦治疗CHC患者近期疗效达到,但远期疗效似优于标准治疗方案, 值得临床进一步验证。