~(60)Coγ射线照射诱发小鼠恶性肿瘤

目的：建立γ射线诱发小鼠恶性肿瘤动物模型。方法：BALB／c小鼠经^60Coγ射线全身照射，每次吸收剂量1．75Gy，吸收剂量率0．88Gy／min，每周1次，共4次。照后每隔1～2个月处死一批小鼠，分别取胸腺、肺脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、胃、生殖腺、肠系膜、盲肠、大脑等组织器官，甲醛溶液固定后进行病理学检查及裸鼠致瘤实验。结果：照后15个月BALB／c小鼠出现的肿瘤类型以白血病为主，并发现汗腺瘤及恶性卵黄囊瘤；白血病经病理学证实为淋巴细胞型白血病；白血病及汗腺瘤的裸鼠致瘤实验已稳定连续传至第12代。结论：成功建立^60Coγ射线体外诱发的小鼠恶性肿瘤动物模型。     

The infeasibility of using ten-ring irradiated grafts for tracheal allotransplantation even with omentopexy

In our previous study, we demonstrated that high-dose ⁶⁰Co irradiation was able to prevent rejection of canine tracheal allografts. To determine the maximum possible length of these grafts, in the present study we attempted to transplant five-ring and ten-ring tracheal allografts in two groups of five dogs each. Either five or ten rings were excised from donor tracheas and irradiated with 100,000 cGy of ⁶⁰Co. The irradiated tracheal grafts were transplanted to replace either five- or ten-ring sections of the mediastinal tracheas removed from the recipient dogs. The grafts were covered with omental pedicles and no immunosuppressants were used. Graft incorporation was achieved in four of the five dogs in the five-ring group, and three of these dogs survived for more than 700 days. However, four of the five animals in the ten-ring group died from tracheostenosis accompanied by ischemia within 3 weeks. These findings demonstrate the impossibility of performing ten-ring tracheal allotransplantation using irradiated grafts, even with omentopexy.     

关胆囊结石的CT定量诊断

目的 评价第三代CT定量诊断胆囊结石的准确率及敏感性.方法 120例胆囊结石的病人在使用第三代CT检查后7天内施行胆囊切除手术,术后剖开胆囊,进行结石计数和最大结石的最大径线测量.结果 120例胆囊结石患者,其中87例有确切结石计数和测量结果（72.5%）;33例CT检查未发现胆囊结石（27.5%）.CT图像中显示的胆囊结石的数目：均数±标准差＝3±15个;范围为2～82个与手术发现的数目：均数±标准差＝68±316个;范围为2～1326个,两者比较具有显著性差异（P＜0.001）.CT图像发现的胆囊内最大结石的最大径线值：均数±标准差＝1.08±1.06cm,范围为0～2.4cm;与手术测量值均数±标准=1.68±0.14cm范围为0.67～3.1cm,两者比较有显著性差异（P＜0.001）.结论 用第三代CT进行胆囊结石的定量诊断不够准确,敏感性也有不足.     

紫外辐射低温消化反应器在测定羊水微量元素(锌、铜)中的应用

测定妊娠期妇女羊水中微量元素锌、铜(Zn、Cu)的含量变化,对预测胎儿的发育情况,具有一定的参考价值。本文介绍一种利用紫外辐射消化技术,对羊水进行预处理后,再用阳极溶出伏安(ASV)方法测定。讨论了辐射条件,并通过重复性、回收率及线性关系来证实方法的可靠性和准确性。与传统的湿式消化法相比,紫外辐射法有取样量少、温度低)、不易挥发、操作简便及较低的试剂空白值等优点。     

Collection of blood mononuclear cells by leukapheresis for transplantation in a yucatan miniature swine model

A large animal model is needed to evaluate new apheresis technologies. These technologies include novel methods of harvesting the blood mononuclear cell population which contains the hematopoietic stem cells needed to restore hematopoiesis in recipients of hematopoietically lethal therapy and the use of cytokines to provide a safe and predictable method of manipulating these circulating hematopoietic stem cells. We describe the methods used to collect mononuclear cells by leukapheresis from Yucatan miniature swine. These animals are of sufficient size to tolerate the procedures and have many physiologic and hematologic similarities to man. They are of good temperament and are easily trained. Long-term venous access was obtained using single lumen silicone rubber catheters placed in the inferior vena cava. The animals were apheresed while fully awake using a Haemonetics Model V50 machine and a modified lymphocyte collection protocol. The procedure was highly efficient for the collection of mononuclear cells and a 10 pass procedure yielded a product which contained 19.7 × 10⁹ mononuclear cells, 10.7 × 10⁹ granulocytes, and 17 ml of erythrocytes in a volume of approximately 100 ml. This product can be cryopreserved and used for subsequent transplantation. The content of four apheresis procedures provides hematopoietic reconstitution of lethally irradiated swine on a time scale equivalent to transplantation of optimal numbers of bone marrow cells. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

The Dubbelman eye model analysed by ray tracing through aspheric surfaces

Dubbelman and co-workers have determined intraocular spacings and surface shapes in living eyes by means of corrected Scheimpflug images in a large number of subjects of different age at several levels of accommodation. They give relationships for key anterior segment parameters as a function of age and level of accommodation. These are used in this paper to build a schematic eye incorporating aspheric surfaces. This eye model is analysed by means of ray tracing with a technique developed for use with a common spreadsheet computer program. The Dubbelman eye model appears to be well corrected for spherical aberration. Compared with measurements on real eyes it agrees well in general, but spherical aberration is negative, while in real eyes it tends to be positive.     

喉部CT仿真内窥镜成像技术的探讨

目的：探讨喉部CT仿真内窥镜(CT virtual endoscopy，CTVE)的成像质量及其影响因素。方法：对84例喉部螺旋CT扫描者行CTVE成像，根据喉腔内部结构、病灶、黏膜皱襞的显示情况和有无伪影将CTVE图像分为3级，分别比较CTVE技术在不同的扫描层厚、重建层厚及阈值的情况下图像质量的优劣。结果：CT原始扫描层厚为2mm、3mm分别与5mm、8mm的CTVE图像质量相比较，有显著性差异(P＜0．05)；重建层厚为2mm、3mm与5mm相比较，均有显著性差异(P＜0．05)；阈值为 -800— -600HU与阈值为-300HU相比较，有显著性差异(P＜0．05)。结论：不同的CT原始扫描层厚、重建层厚及阈值对CTVE图像的质量影响有明显差异。选用合适的原始扫描参数及重建参数，可以提高CTVE图像的质量，对喉部疾病的诊断很有帮助。     

蝶窦炎并眼-神经科综合征5例的临床分析

目的 :探讨蝶窦炎所致眼 神经科综合征的临床特征和治疗方法。方法 :回顾性分析 5例蝶窦炎并眼 神经科综合征病例的临床资料 ,CT扫描是主要诊断依据 ;手术治疗 3例 ,保守治疗 2例。结果 :蝶窦开放术或保守治疗均缓解了头痛症状 ,但视力障碍和其它眼 神经科体征无改善。结论 :CT扫描有利于早期诊断和排除球后占位性病变 ;对于有并发症的蝶窦炎宜尽早手术 ,同时宜行视神经管减压术     

阻塞性肺病呼气末肺残气量的CT评价

目的:探讨呼气末高分辨率CT(HRCT)对阻塞性肺病(OLD)患者的肺残气量的评估价值.方法:对有肺功能检测结果的13名健康志愿者与14例OLD患者行吸气与呼气末HRCT扫描,测量吸气与呼气状态下肺CT值,并目测呼气末HRCT扫描时肺残气量的范围.结果:所有的OLD与8名健康志愿者都有肺内空气残余,但OLD的范围明显增大.OLD患者在吸气与呼气时肺CT值变化及残气量分数与健康者明显不同,且与肺功能密切相关(P＜0.01).结论:呼气末HRCT可用于评估OLD患者肺残气量并可诊断这类疾病.肺CT值的测量与肺残气量的评估是两种有价值的分析方法.     

60Coγ射线对体外培养成骨细胞作用的实验研究

目的：研究放射性骨损伤的发病机制，探讨骨折合并射线损伤愈合能力下降的原因。方法：将体外培养的成骨细胞用^60Coγ射线一次性照射3、6、9、12Gy，以建立体外培养成骨细胞受射线作用的实验模型；同时，观察成骨细胞的碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性改变，骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）和转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）的胞质内表达量，以及细胞内钙离子的含量。结果：成骨细胞受射线照射后，其ALP活性明显降低，且与照射剂量呈明显量效关系，3Gy组抑制率为31.59%，而12Gy组则为84.95%；BMP、TGF-β1的表达量下降，但与照射剂量无明显量效关系；胞质内钙含量亦降低，但受照各组间的抑制率无明显统计学差异。结论：射线对成骨细胞具有直接损害作用，放射性骨损伤的重要方面就是射线对成骨细胞的主要功能酶ALP活性的损害，抑制BMP、TGF-β1等生长因子的合成，且干扰细胞内第二信使钙离子，从而致骨组织的再生重建机能下降。