多巴胺对兔实验性形觉剥夺性近视形成的影响

目的　研究多巴胺对实验性近视形成的影响.方法　7日龄幼兔52只,分A,B,C,3组.A组20只,单纯缝合眼睑;B组16只,缝合眼睑+玻璃体内注射多巴胺;C组16只,缝合眼睑+玻璃体注射生理盐水.均以右眼为实验眼,左眼为对照眼.第60日用A超测量每组双眼的前房深度、晶体厚度、玻璃体腔长度和眼轴长度,并计算玻璃体腔长度／眼轴长度,同时进行病理学观察.结果　A,C两组中实验眼的玻璃体腔长度、眼轴长度和玻璃体腔长度／眼轴长度分别为(7.9±0.6)mm,(15.4±0.6)mm,0.52±0.03;(7.3±0.5)mm,(15.1±0.7)mm,0.49±0.02;对照眼则为(7.2±0.8)mm,(14.5±0.7)mm,0.48±0.02;(6.8±0.4)mm,(14.6±0.6)mm,0.46±0.02.两眼间的差异有高度显著的统计学意义(P<0.001),前房深度和晶体厚度无统计学差异,而B组均无统计学差异.巩膜胶原纤维在A,C两组中明显变细,而在B组中改变较轻.结论　形觉剥夺能导致眼球的轴性延长,玻璃体腔延长和VCL/AL增大是其形态学原因,巩膜纤维的变细、延长是其病理学原因之一,而多巴胺能部分阻止这些改变.     

始创药物及剂型研究

1 始创药物研究的意义和方向 药物是特殊产品.一是因为药品生产具有国际性和垄断性.创造出一种不可代替的新药,便可迅速占领全球市场.二是因为它是关系人民健康和生产力、战斗力强弱的极其重要的物资.一个国家的基本药物的供给、生产如果大部分掌握在外国人手里,则在和平时期,受到国际资本的盘剥,在战争或大灾害时期更要受制于人.因此,世界强国无不从战略的高度,从基础研究开始,独立自主地开发新药.十几年来,我国的新药研究、生产和供应面临严重的挑战.知识产权问题冲击了以仿制为主的原有制药工业,而过去创新研究又很薄弱,所以不得不引入外国技术和产品.由于它们与外国资本是两位一体的,所以经过几年的转轨,虽然解决了相当一部分药品的供应问题,但是由于我们自己没有独立创造的新型药物和制剂,所以我国的制药工业面临极大困境.如果长期处于让外国人创新,我们引进的状态,不仅在经济上损失极大,而且让外国技术和产品占领基本用药市场,遇有非常情况,便会被外国人卡住脖子.因此,有识之士呼吁支持始创药物研究,开发有始创性的药物,也去占领国际市场.应看到我们的新药研究仍然是跟踪国际上已经有的药物或已经有的基本结构.在目前拼实力、拼速度的时候,我们靠这种方式很难赶在人家的前面.始创药物研究必需有新思路和新方法.     

细菌L型感染现状与耐药分析

目的：提高感染性标本中细菌培养阳性率及促进合理用药。方法：采取了１８７０例住院患者的血、尿、脑脊液、胸腹水、胆汁等标本,进行常规与高渗同步培养,以及药敏试验。结果：高渗同步培养分离出Ｌ型细菌４２７株,而普通培养均为阴性,阳性率提高了２２８％,分离菌种达１１种;金黄色葡萄球菌在各类标本中感染率占首位,１９４４％;大肠杆菌占第２位,１６４％;凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、Ｄ群肠球菌、酵母菌占第３位,分别为１１０％、１０７７％、１０３％;其它各种菌属均占有一定比例。分离出的细菌Ｌ型均对青霉素、头孢类抗生素高度耐药,对红霉素、氯霉素、庆大霉素、林可霉素呈低度耐药。结论：采取同步培养可提高细菌检测阳性率,为临床感染性疾病诊断和抗生素的合理使用提供了重要依据。     

颅骨翼区形态观测

目的：积累解剖学资料,为临床诊断与治疗提供解剖学基础。方法：对翼区及其周围形态结构进行解剖学观测及统计学处理。结果：进行了翼区分型、翼区中点定位、翼区中点与脑膜中动脉沟前支关系、颧骨额突上角、下角及颧弓形态的观察。结论：翼区分型结果与文献记载相似,翼上骨各型比例与文献记载有异,翼区中定位以双水平距与垂直距共同定位较为简便而准确,翼区中点多位于脑膜中动脉沟前支前上方,颧骨额突上、下角及颧弓形态各不相同。     

Neuronal correlates of real and illusory contour perception: functional anatomy with PET

Illusory contours provide a striking example of the visual system's ability to extract a meaningful representation of the surroundings from fragmented visual stimuli. Psychophysical and neurophysiological data suggest that illusory contours are processed in early visual cortical areas, and neuroimaging studies in humans have shown that Kanizsa-type illusory contours activate early retinotopic visual areas that are also activated by real contours. It is not known whether other types of illusory contours are processed by the same mechanisms, nor is it clear to what extent attentional effects may have influenced these results, as no attempt was made to match the salience of real and illusory stimuli in previous imaging studies. It therefore remains an open question whether there are any brain regions specifically involved in the perception of illusory contours. To address these questions, we have used 15O-butanol positron emission tomography (PET) and a novel kind of illusory contour stimulus that is induced only by aligned line ends. By employing a form discrimination task that was matched for attention and stimulus salience across conditions we were able to directly contrast perception of real and illusory contours. We found that the regions activated by illusory contour perception were the same as those activated by real contours. Only one region, located in the right fusiform gyrus, was significantly more strongly activated by perception of illusory contours than by real contours. In addition, a principal component analysis suggested that illusory contour perception is associated with a change in the correlation between V1 and V2. We conclude that different kinds of illusory contours are processed by the same cortical regions and that these regions overlap extensively with those involved in processing of real contours. At the regional level, perception of illusory contours thus appears to differ from perception of real contours by the degree of involvement of higher visual areas as well as by the nature of interaction between early visual areas.     

不同温度诱导细菌L型的实验观察

目的：观察不同温度诱导细菌形成Ｌ型。方法：抗生素纸片诱导。以苯唑青霉素（每片４０μｇ）、羧苄青霉素（每片５００μｇ）在３７℃、３２℃及２８℃分别诱导金黄色葡萄球菌和福氏痢疾杆菌Ｌ型。结果：三种不同温度诱导细菌形成Ｌ型,其菌落特征、形态及染色性等均无差别。结论：抗生素诱导Ｌ型除３７℃外,３２℃和２８℃均可形成。为探讨Ｌ型可在自然界产生和存在是否与某些传染病流行和传播有关提供依据。     

山羊肝精口服液的研制与早中期白内障的防治

山羊肝精口服液是经多年临床经验及反复研究所得的成果,剂型恰当,工艺合理,质量可控,稳定性好。药效学试验说明,本制剂具有健壮身体,抗疲劳的功能。毒理学试验与临床观察说明山羊肝精口服液具有安全性。     

Pharmacokinetics of ascorbic acid in man

Summary The pharmacokinetic characteristics of ascorbic acid have been investigated in normal adult volunteers, using a two-compartment open model. After oral administration in a normal gelatine capsule the bioavailability of ascorbic acid was 69%. It was 98% when a sustained-release preparation was given in an identical capsule. During daily oral intake of ascorbic acid 1 g in the sustained-release form blood levels reached the equilibrium state within 3 days. Daily doses of ascorbic acid 1 g resulted in tissue saturation in 7 days, with a profound change in the pharmacokinetics of the vitamin. The binding of ascorbic acid to plasma proteins was low (24%). Its significance for the pharmacokinetic behaviour of the drug is discussed.     

中药和天然药靶向制剂的研究进展

靶向制剂可以提高靶组织的药理作用强度和降低全身的不良反应 ,是一种比较理想的给药方式 ,为第四代的药物剂型。采用脂质体作为药物载体是研究的重点 ,磁靶向 ,酶靶向制剂也是研究热点。此外 ,口服结肠靶向给药系统 (OCDDS)也是靶向制剂的一个重要部分 ,其是经口服将药物运送到回盲肠后释放并发挥局部或全身的治疗作用。中药靶向制剂的研究在我国还仅处于试探阶段 ,目前中药和天然药物的靶向制剂的研究大多数是以天然单一有效成分为原料药物 ,而用中药有效部位研制的靶向制剂屈指可数 ,这与制定中药有效部位的质量标准及制剂工艺难度大有关。中药新剂型和新技术的开展是中药国际化的关键 ,需要有组织地开展多学科合作 ,靶向制剂是中药今后发展的一个重要课题。     

制剂中利福平晶型的确定

目的确定制剂中利福平的晶型.方法利用粉末X-射线衍射方法测定不同晶型的利福平原料,结合文献数据,总结出利福平各晶型的主要特征衍射峰;直接测定利福平胶囊内容物或片剂研细的固体粉末的粉末X-射线衍射图谱,根据图谱中存在的利福平主要特征衍射峰,确定制剂中利福平的晶型.结果利福平晶体的主要特征衍射峰(2θ)分别为8.79°和14.48°(Ⅰ型结晶),1 5.84°和20.06°(Ⅱ型结晶),18.36°(SV型结晶);制剂中的辅料不干扰对主要特征衍射峰的判断;国内5个企业的12批利福平片和37个企业的88批利福平胶囊中的利福平均为Ⅰ型结晶.结论本方法可方便地判断制剂中利福平的晶型.