水产品无水喷雾保活实验

实验设计了能够模拟低温高湿环境的无水喷雾保活装置,探索了温度、相对湿度、工艺流程等因素对河鳗存活率及存活时间的影响。结果表明,在气温3～5℃,湿度90%以上的环境中,河鳗生存150h后,存活率在85%以上.     

溴敌隆用于特殊环境的灭鼠效果观察

目的　观察溴敌隆在特殊环境的大面积灭鼠效果。方法　在现场采取回合式投药法。结果　观察区共捡获死鼠 116只 ,其中褐家鼠 10 7只 ( 93 .1% ) ,小家鼠 9只 ( 6.9% )。灭鼠前鼠密度直观法为 42 .4% ,查掘开洞数法为86.7% ;灭鼠后密度直观法和查掘开洞数法均为 0。结论　 0 .0 0 5 %溴敌隆毒米大面积灭鼠效果好 ,使用方便、安全 ,可在特殊环境中推广应用。     

网络环境下教师指导性活动的设计

网络教学为学生的学习提供了丰富的资源，拓延了教学时空的维度，对现有的教学内容、教学手段和教学方法提出了挑战。本文探讨了在此环境下教师指导活动的内容，设计原则及其设计方法等问题。     

网络环境下高校图书馆编目质量控制

网络环境下，外部数据源的质量、著录规则不一致、编目人员的素质等因素都影响着编目质量。提高编目人员素质，建立严格的审定程序，完善著录细则，体现人文关怀，实行定额管理，注重收集反馈信息等是适应网络环境，提高编目质量的有效举措。     

沙漠干热环境下猪腹部肠管火器伤后肝组织中NF-κB、TNF-α的表达

目的探讨沙漠干热环境下猪腹部肠管火器伤后肝脏组织中核因子-κB(NF-κB)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的表达及其与肝损伤的关系。方法健康长白仔猪42头随机等分为对照组和伤后1、2、4、8、12 h和24 h组,在沙漠干热环境下建立腹部肠管火器伤模型后,用免疫组化及图像分析法测定各组肝脏组织内NF-κB和TNF-α的表达,同时测定血清中ALT水平,在光镜下观察各组肝脏组织学变化。结果伤后各组肝内NF-κB、TNF-α表达明显高于对照组(P<0.05),NF-κB于伤后1 h和4 h出现2个高峰(P<0.05);TNF-α于伤后1h和8 h出现2个高峰(P<0.05);血清ALT水平在伤后明显升高,也于伤后1 h和8 h出现2个高峰(P<0.05);伤后1、2 h组出现逐渐加重的肝细胞水肿、变性,伤后4 h组开始出现逐渐加重的肝细胞点状坏死、灶状坏死和炎细胞浸润,对照组光镜下未见明显的损伤性变化;NF-κB与TNF-α的表达在2 h组和4 h组均有正相关关系(P<0.05)。结论沙漠干热环境下腹部肠管火器伤后肝内NF-κB、TNF-α表达一致性升高,二者在伤后早期表达密切相关,并与肝脏结构和功能损伤变化基本一致,提示NF-κB和TNF-α在沙漠干热环境下腹部肠管火器伤后肝损伤过程中起重要作用。     

Policy content and context for health promotion in Swedish schools. An analysis of municipal school plans

In international literature policy documents are consideredas major strategic tools for health promotion in schools. InSweden, since 1991, local municipalities are obliged to producea politically approved school plan for compulsory schools, grades1–9, i.e. policy instruments which should indicate theaims and objectives, the moral and political values of the municipality.The aim of this study was to describe the content of schoolplans, focusing on health and environment in 1994 in 62 municipalitiesin four counties in Sweden, using content analysis. The studywas implemented as a total investigation of the 62 municipalitiesbased on the principles of purposeful sampling procedures inorder to provide selections of informative cases for in-depthstudies. The content analysis was conducted in four steps. Twelvethemes were identified in the school plans, representing differentissues on health and environment in the first step. Secondly,quotations illustrate and provide a broader meaning of themes.Third, similarities and differences between the counties andmunicipalities are summarized. Finally, the strategic componentsof the HELPSAM model (The HEaLth Promotion Strategy AnalysisModel) are presented in relation to the 12 themes. As policydocuments the school plans seem to be valid instruments to promotethe intentions of the municipality concerning health promotion.A supportive environment for health relates to the physicaland social aspects of our surroundings, and these aspects areprominent as themes of the school plans. The major part of themunicipalities has focused on environmental issues, well inadvance of the desired development of a local Agenda 21. Thefinding points out a rapid diffusion of environmental questionsin the Swedish society, at least in the counties of concern.     

Associations of FcɛRIβ E237G polymorphism with wheezing in Taiwanese schoolchildren

Background The β‐chain of a high‐affinity IgE receptor (Fc?RIβ) has been proposed as a candidate gene for atopic diseases, but previous studies have come to inconsistent conclusions. Because some air pollutants would produce oxidative stress, increase serum IgE, and trigger T‐helper type 2 (Th2)‐type airway inflammation, the associations of Fc?RIβ polymorphism with wheezing illness may vary by their exposures and variants of oxidant defence genes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of Fc?RIβ E237G polymorphism with wheezing illness and to determine whether these associations vary with air pollution and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) P1‐105 and M1 genotypes. Methods In 2001, we conducted a case–control study comprised of 214 children with any history of wheezing and 185 non‐wheezing controls, all of whom were selected from 2558 fourth‐ to ninth‐grade schoolchildren in southern Taiwan. We examined differences in associations with ambient air pollution and by GST genotypes. Results Compared with the Fc?RIβ EE genotype, children with the G allele had a significantly reduced risk of lifetime wheezing with low‐ozone exposure [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08–0.69]. The risk was not reduced in children living in high‐ozone communities (aOR=0.98, 95% CI 0.57–1.67). This difference in genotypic effects between low‐ and high‐pollution environments was statistically significant. The reduction of the protective effect from the G allele with higher air pollution was most marked in the GSTP1‐105 Ile/Val or Val/Val and GSTM1 null groups. Conclusion The Fc?RIβ E237G allele may have a protective role in wheezing illness among Taiwanese schoolchildren, depending on airway oxidative stress levels.     

低智儿童的外界环境因素的调查

40 例低智儿童经3年随访,采用国内标准化智力筛查和诊断方法,检出轻型者34例,重型者6例。经多学科、实验室检查及多因素分析,结果提示低智儿童病因与外界环境因素有一定关系,提出经特殊教育和改善环境可教育其成为自食其力的有用于社会的成员。     

宿州市1999-2002年环境卫生年报表填报质量分析

目的　通过对宿州市县级环境卫生年报表填报质量的分析评价 ,发现卫生监督统计工作中的问题 ,提出改进建议 ,以提供高质量的卫生监督信息。方法　对 1999～ 2 0 0 2年宿州市县级 80份环境卫生年报表逐项进行统计分析。结果　宿州市县级环境卫生年报表 4年平均不合格率为 5 2 .5 0 % ,错项率为 1.5 9% ,漏项率为 17.4 4 % ,化妆品卫生监督监测年报表合格率高于公共场所、化妆品类年报表。结论　各级领导应予足够的重视 ,指定责任心强的卫生监督统计人员 ,并做好其专业人员的培训工作 ,加强业务技术档案的管理 ,以不断提高报表的信息质量和服务能力。     

黄芪皂苷甲的镇痛、镇静作用

本文证实给小鼠黄芪皂苷甲后出现镇痛作用,其镇痛作用较度冷丁弱而短。根据对小鼠腹腔注射醋酸产生扭体反应抑制率测得静脉注射黄芪皂苷甲的ED50为47.8±3.4mg/kg;由热板法测得的ED50为25.4±1.5mg/kg。黄芪皂苷甲也能明显延长硫喷妥钠所致小鼠的麻醉时间。此外,黄芪皂苷甲还能使豚鼠离体回肠张力下降。