合肥市2003～2005年空气微生物污染状况调查

目的：了解合肥市空气微生物污染情况,并分析造成污染的可能因素.方法：采用自然沉降法于2003～2005年对合肥市95个采样点进行空气细菌总数监测,共采集样品1 355份.结果：3个年度空气细菌总数合格率分别为71%、72%和76%,差别无统计学意义（x^2=2.78,P＞0.01）;各类公共场所空气细菌总数合格率不同,饭店宾馆89%、咖啡厅88%、图书馆86%、美容院82%、普通旅店和饭馆81%、商场80%、医院候诊室70%、理发店50%、歌舞厅9%、乒乓球馆5%,差别有统计学意义（x^2=428.60,P＜0.01）.结论：合肥市空气微生物污染状况受时间、场所等多嘀忠蛩氐挠跋？     

重庆市区主要交通干道苯并(a)芘污染状况及其危害分析

目的 了解重庆市区交通干道苯并(a)芘质量污染状况,分析其对人群健康的危害.方法 测定重庆市区主要交通干道空气中苯并(a)芘质量浓度、总悬浮颗粒、PM10、PM2.5和PM1浓度,分析各污染物之间的关系.结果 除隧道外,重庆市主要交通干道苯并(a)芘浓度最高为0.570 7μg/m3,TSP为1.516 7mg/m3,PM10为0.857 5 mg/m3,均超过国家环境卫生标准.结论 表明重庆市区大气中苯并芘[B(a)P]污染已极为严重,有必要对其引起的人群健康效应进行深入研究.     

发热门诊过氧化氢空气消毒效果研究

目的观察过氧化氢消毒剂气溶胶喷雾和普通喷壶喷雾对医院发热门诊空气细菌杀灭效果。方法对发热门诊空气中菌落数进行消毒前和消毒后监测。结果3％过氧化氢用普通喷壶喷雾后60min，平均细菌杀灭率仅为3．04％；气溶胶喷雾器喷雾后60min，平均细菌杀灭率为87．31％，差异显著。结论过氧化氢消毒剂气溶胶喷雾作用30～60min即可达到可靠的消毒效果；此方法省时、省力、方便、易行；杀菌效果明显高于普通喷壶喷雾，且节约药物。     

室内装修对空气质量影响的调查

为了研究室内装修对空气质量的影响 ,唤起人们对居室空气污染的重视 ,保证公众健康 ,在锦州市选取 80户住宅 ,对使用不同装饰材料、不同装修时间和使用不同板材家具进行室内空气中甲醛、氡、苯、二甲苯浓度的现场检测。结果显示使用不同装饰材料、不同装修时间室内污染物含量比较均有统计学意义 ;而使用不同板材家具室内污染物含量比较差异不显著。说明装修的居室存在严重的空气污染 ,装饰材料是室内空气污染的主要来源。其中 ,甲醛是室内装饰材料释放到空气中的主要污染物。建议选择绿色建筑装饰材料 ;保持良好的室内通风 ;监督部门应加强室内空气质量的监督、监测及追踪调查 ;加强居住小区的绿化与生态建设等。     

室内空气中氨气快速测定方法的研究

目的　探讨室内空气中微量氨的快速检测方法。方法　利用纳氏试剂与氨气显色的原理 ,测定氨气含量。对不同的实验条件进行了对比选择。结果　筛选出了最佳实验条件 :其玻璃管内径为 2 2mm ,吸附载体为 80～ 10 0目的活化硅胶酒石酸氢钾的混合物 (3∶1) ,采气速度 0 0 4L/min ,采样时间 5min ,采样量 0 2L ,显色时间 3min。实验测定表明 :检测管显色强度与氨气浓度呈线性关系 ;测定灵敏度较高 ,最低显色浓度为 0 2mg/m3 ;重现性较好 ,在最低显色浓度下 ,5次测定值的变异系数为 12 8% ,小于 15 % ,平均相对误差为 8 8% ,小于 15 % ,一次测定最大相对误差为 19 5 % ,小于 2 5 % ,测定符合GB72 3 0— 87的要求。有机胺、酸性气体H2 S、HCHO产生干扰。检测管的使用寿命为 6个月。结论　该方法对室内环境中氨的浓度可快速检测 ,操作简便 ,易于携带 ,适合一般家庭使用。     

大气颗粒物质量浓度与四川大学华西医院非意外创伤急诊人次的时间序列研究

目的 分析大气颗粒物（PM_2.5和PM₁₀）质量浓度对医院非意外创伤急诊人次的短期效应,探讨大气颗粒物对人群健康的急性危害。方法 采用广义相加模型分析2014～2016年成都市区大气污染物质量浓度对四川大学华西医院非意外创伤急诊人次的短期效应,并在不同年龄组（<65岁组和≥65岁组）中进行分层分析。结果 2014年1月1日至2016年11月30日期间成都市区大气颗粒物PM_2.5和PM₁₀的年平均质量浓度分别为66.47 μg/m3和109.35 μg/m3。在非意外创伤急诊全人群中,大气颗粒物的健康效应在滞后1 d时最大,PM_2.5和PM₁₀的日均质量浓度每增加10 μg/m3,急诊人次数分别增加0.634%（95%CI: 0.273%~0.997%）和0.413%（95%CI: 0.166%~0.660%）。在≥65岁组中,调整全部气态污染物（SO₂+NO₂+CO+O3）的影响后, PM_2.5和PM₁₀的日均质量浓度每增加10 μg/m3,滞后1 d的急诊人次数分别增加1.439%（95%CI:0.599%~2.287%）和 1.150%（95%CI:0.566%~1.738%）。结论 大气颗粒物质量浓度升高与非意外创伤急诊人次数呈正相关,且存在滞后效应,对65岁以上老年人群健康的急性损害较大。     

CYTOKINES PRODUCTION IS ALTERED IN MICE EXPOSED TO AIRBORNE SUSPENDED MATTER

ABSTRACT

The production of IL-2 and IL-4 by thymocytes, spleen and axillary lymph node lymphocytes from female and male mice exposed to airborne suspended matter (ASM) was the scope of our investigations. Cytokines production by activated lymphocytes was determined by the estimation of the percentage of cells positive for intracellular cytokines and by the concentration of both cytokines secreted into the culture medium. Two models of mice exposure to ASM were used:1/ intraperitoneal injection (acute exposure), and 2/ oral exposure (subacute model). ASM exposure affected both IL-2 and IL-4 production and IL-2R α expression on activated lymphoid cells isolated from different lymphoid organs of both female and male mice. The effect was dependent on the route and duration of exposure, ASM dose and the age and sex of mice. A wide panel of changes is discussed. The prolonged exposure to ASM resulted in overproduction of IL-2 in both female and male mice and in overproduction of IL-4 in male mice. Acute exposure to ASM strongly affected IL-2 and IL-4 production, and the effect varied among lymphocytes from different lymphoid organs. Intracellular cytokines expression and the level of secreted cytokines seem to be good tools for the assessment of toxic effects of environmental pollution on the function of the immune system.     

Aorto-Caval Fistula Due to Rupture of Abdominal Aneurysm

Abstract

Two operated cases of aorto-caval fistula due to ruptured abdominal aneurysm are reported. This is a rare and real surgical emergency and is fatal without operation. The classical symptoms of high-output failure occurring simultaneously with the findings of an expansible abdominal mass with thrill and bruit should facilitate clinical diagnosis.     

Barotrauma-Induced Pneumocephalus Experienced by a High Risk Patient after Commercial Air Travel

A 49-year-old female with a history of several neurosurgical and otolaryngologic procedures for occipital meningioma and cerebrospinal fluid leaks was diagnosed with pneumocephalus after a one hour flight on a domestic jet airliner. Despite multiple operations, the air appeared to enter the cranium through a weak portion of the skull base due to the low atmospheric pressure in the cabin. The intracranial air was absorbed with conservative management. The patient was recommended not to fly before a definite diagnostic work up and a sealing procedure for the cerebrospinal fluid leak site had been performed. Recent advances in aviation technology have enabled many people to travel by air, including individuals with medical conditions. Low cabin pressure is not dangerous to healthy individuals; however, practicing consultant neurosurgeons should understand the cabin environment and prepare high risk patients for safe air travel.     

Effects of air tourniquet on the antibiotics concentration,in bone marrow,injected just before the start of operation

Abstract

Infection is one of the most serious complications after artificial arthroplasty. In order to establish the effective prevention for after operative infection, we measured the serum and bone marrow blood cefmetazole (CMZ) concentration time dependently (1?g CMZ, one shot). Furthermore, we studied the effect of air tourniquet on CMZ transmit into bone marrow blood. Thirteen knees with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were included in the study. As a control group, 11 hips with total hip arthroplasty (THA) were also included. In TKA, air tourniquet was used during operation in all cases. Just before the start of the operation, 1?g CMZ was injected intravenously (one shot). Subsequently we sampled peripheral blood and bone marrow blood time dependently. Cefmetazole concentration was measured with HPLC. In the THA group, serum and bone marrow blood CMZ concentration showed almost the same time-dependent change. On the other hand, in the TKA group we could not detect CMZ in bone marrow blood in cases where CMZ was injected within 8?min before starting use of an air tourniquet. If CMZ was injected more than 10?min before starting use of the air tourniquet, CMZ concentration in bone marrow blood was much lower than minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Staphylococcus aureus; but after releasing the air tourniquet, CMZ concentration in bone marrow blood was higher than MIC for S. aureus. These data suggested that our injection method is effective for prevention of infection both during and just after operation in the THA but in the TKA, CMZ should be injected more than 10?min before starting to use the air tourniquet.