1277例服用抗精神病药物住院病人心电图变化的资料分析

目的探索抗精神病药物对心电图的影响。方法对1277例住院精神疾病患者服用抗精神病药后ECG变化进行分析,以性别、年龄、不同药物种类进行比较,并对多个危险因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果749例（58.7%）住院患者ECG异常,其中窦性心动过速最常见。26~35岁年龄段ECG异常发生的比例（46.7%）最小。服用氯氮平的患者出现ECG异常的比率最高（69.1%）。年龄作为唯一与心电图异常相关的变量进入了Logistic回归模型。结论抗精神病药物引起ECG异常较常见。用药期间,特别是对老年患者应注意定期检查ECG。     

住院精神病人猝死危险因素分析

目的探讨住院精神病人猝死的危险因素与临床特征,为降低其猝死发生率提供依据。方法对1998-2008年内4所精神病专科医院住院期间发生猝死的全部病例与随机抽取的同期住院的非猝死患者的临床资料进行回顾性调查分析。将所有因素进行比较及单因素分析,差异有统计学意义的因素进行logistic回归分析。结果两组联合用药、抗精神药种类、抗抑郁药种类、合并躯体疾病、心电图异常、入院时状态差的构成比差异有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01)。Logistic回归分析,合并躯体疾病、心电图异常、联合用药、传统抗精神病药(舒必利针剂、氯丙嗪、氯氮平)、入院时状态差为高危因素;新型抗精神病药、选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRIs)为保护因素。结论本研究结果表明,10年内猝死发生率为1.5‰。男性比女性多。晨3与7时左右为猝死高峰期。关注住院精神病人躯体疾病、入院时状态及心电图变化等;尽量用新型少用传统抗精神病药;尽量用SSRIs少用三环类抗抑郁剂(TCAs);最好单一用药,可减少猝死的发生。     

北京市某三甲医院创面修复专科病区5年间糖尿病足住院病例回顾性分析

目的回顾性调查解放军总医院第四医学中心烧伤整形三科暨创面修复中心糖尿病足住院病例的相关诊疗信息,分析其临床特点,为临床治疗提供一定参考。 方法回顾性分析2014年1月1日至2018年12月31日解放军总医院第四医学中心烧伤整形三科暨创面修复中心收治的糖尿病足住院患者资料。统计患者基本资料、病程、创面信息、治疗方式和结局。描述糖尿病足住院患者流行病学特征,比较性别、病程、治疗方式等因素对创面细菌感染、治疗效果的影响。 结果最终纳入研究505例患者,男321例,女184例。(1)患者平均年龄(64.112.9)岁,61~70岁年龄段患者最多(157例,31.1%),女性患者年龄高于男性患者(F＝22.532,P<0.001)。(2)入组患者均合并慢性基础性疾病。其中,下肢动脉粥样硬化381例(75.45%),高血压病318例(62.97%),冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病168例(33.27%),陈旧性脑梗死150例(29.70%)。(3)急性创面119例,慢性创面386例。(4)患者溃疡最常见的发病部位依次为足趾(48.9%)、足底(16.2%)、足背(14.7%)、足踝(11.1%)、足跟(9.1%)。(5)160例糖尿病足溃疡患者行创面微生物学检查,其中135例(84.38%)为阳性,急性创面多以革兰氏阳性菌感染为主,慢性创面多以革兰氏阴性菌感染为主(χ²＝7.860,P<0.05)。(6)301例患者行外科手术治疗,67例患者行单纯负压吸引治疗,137例患者行单纯换药治疗,165例(32.67%)患者治愈,268例(53.07%)患者好转,71例(14.06%)患者未愈,1例(0.198%)患者死亡,手术治疗的治愈率显著高于单纯负压吸引、单纯换药治疗(χ²＝135.614,P<0.001)。 结论患病群体主要为中老年,年龄集中在51~70岁,男性患者居多,女性患者年龄高于男性患者。患者多合并慢性基础性疾病,需重视基础疾病的治疗。创面常见发病部位为足趾、足底、足背、足踝、足跟。创面合并微生物感染率非常高,抗感染治疗要及时、合理。相比单纯负压吸引、单纯换药治疗,手术治疗的治愈率更高。     

医保住院患者满意度相关因素分析

目的:了解医保患者在医疗服务中的需求.方法:采取问卷调查法,选取2130例住院患者发放问卷,回收196份,对相关数据进行分析.结果:付费方式与医保规定的告知等与满意度有关;医保住院患者的满意度与护理服务的需求基本相符.结论:护理工作的开展要适应新的医改制度,加强医保政策的理解,并制定相应的护理服务程序,满足患者的需求.     

322例内科住院患者的心理状态分析

目的了解不同疾病内科住院患者的心理状况及其影响因素.方法应用幸福感指数、焦虑自评量表、特质焦虑问卷及抑郁自评量表对322例肺心病、糖尿病、高血压及冠心病患者进行调查.结果①肺心病、糖尿病、高血压和冠心病患者幸福感指数、焦虑、特质焦虑得分明显增高,78.9%的患者有不同程度的抑郁;②3组患者之间的幸福感指数比较差异有统计学意义;③影响患者心理健康的因素主要有年龄、性别、职业、病种和医疗费支付方式.结论内科住院患者存在较多的心理问题,正确评估患者的心理状态,有针对性地开展心理护理,努力纠正患者的心理障碍具有十分重要的意义.     

住院患者护理需求的调查与分析

目的了解患者对住院期间护理服务的需求,为改进护理质量提供切实可行的依据。方法2005年6月随机对30例住院患者进行问卷调查,并对结果进行分析。结果护士主动服务意识较强,在与住院患者的沟通、健康教育、护士学历层次和护士人力配置方面存在不足,患者在陪护方面存在较强需求倾向。结论医院管理者应科学地安排护理人力资源;护士在护理中应积极加强与患者的沟通;在健康宣教中应着重康复知识、药物、心理保健和饮食指导;进一步规范护工管理;从而提高护理服务满意度。     

肾内科住院患者抗菌药物应用特点的单中心分析

目的:了解肾内科住院患者抗菌药物的临床应用特点,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供借鉴。方法:回顾性分析本院肾内科1000份出院病历,统计各种抗菌药物的使用情况。结果:1000份病历中,使用抗菌药物的有876份(87.6%),其中,使用一种抗生素者639例(72.9%),两种抗生素联合使用者237例(27.1%)。在使用抗生素的全部病例中,治疗性使用抗菌药物者606份(69.2%),预防性使用抗菌药物者270份(30.8%)。预防性使用抗生素时间≤3d者占89.3%,>3d者占10.7%。在手术前0.5～1h便开始接受预防性使用抗生素的比率较低。预防性抗生素的使用途径100%为经静脉途径。结论:本组患者抗生素的使用基本合理。肾内科住院患者预防性使用抗生素的比率较高,但预防性使用抗生素的时机、肾内科常见有创操作术后是否可以予口服抗生素代替静脉使用抗生素以预防术后感染等问题均有待临床进一步对照研究,以便为临床更合理地使用抗菌药物提供有益的借鉴。     

Is there an association between the level of grandiose narcissism severity of psychopathology?

Background: Narcissism is a personality trait associated with both psychological health and resilience as well as with aggression and interpersonal problems. Aim: This study compares levels of total narcissism and subscale scores in inpatients, outpatients and a community sample. Methods: Inpatients (N = 186) were recruited from consecutively admitted patients to two closed units, and the outpatient group (N = 144) consisted of patients attending a psychiatric outpatient clinic. The patients and a normative community sample (N = 437) all filled in the Narcissistic Personality Inventory questionnaire (NPI-29). Results: The NPI total and subscales scores showed considerable gender differences. Among men only the Uniqueness/Entitlement subscale showed significant group differences, with inpatients showing higher mean score than the two other groups. Among women three factors, Leadership/Power, Superiority/Arrogance, and Uniqueness/ Entitlement, showed significant differences between the different levels of psychopathology. The outpatient female group regularly had the lowest group mean scores. The NPI-29 scores of the normative group showed weak internal consistencies. Conclusion: Our hypothesis of a significant association between mean levels of total narcissism and subscale scores and severity of psychopathology was not supported.     

The impact of patient education on the quality of inpatient bowel preparation for colonoscopy

BACKGROUND:

For patients requiring colonoscopy while admitted to hospital, achieving adequate cleansing of the colon is often difficult.

OBJECTIVES:

To assess the impact of patient education, in the form of both counselling and written instructions, on bowel cleanliness at colonoscopy.

METHODS:

A total of 38 inpatients at a tertiary care hospital in Vancouver, British Columbia, who were referred to the gastroenterology service for colonoscopy were enrolled in the present study. Sixteen patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group, while 22 patients comprised the control group. Both groups received a clear liquid diet and 4 L of a commercially available bowel preparation. The intervention group also received a brief counselling session and written instructions outlining the methods and rationale for bowel preparation before colonoscopy. Bowel cleanliness was assessed by the endoscopist using a five-point rating scale.

RESULTS:

The two groups were similar with respect to demographics, the indication for colonoscopy and findings at colonoscopy. The median bowel cleanliness scores in the control group and the enhanced-instruction group were 3.0 and 2.0, respectively (P=0.001).

CONCLUSION:

Patient counselling and written instructions are inexpensive, safe and simple interventions. Such interventions are an effective means of optimizing colonoscopy preparation in the inpatient setting.