Multiple Comorbidities of 21 Psychological Disorders and Relationships With Psychosocial Variables: A Study of the Online Assessment and Diagnostic System Within a Web-Based Population

BackgroundWhile research in the area of e-mental health has received considerable attention over the last decade, there are still many areas that have not been addressed. One such area is the comorbidity of psychological disorders in a Web-based sample using online assessment and diagnostic tools, and the relationships between comorbidities and psychosocial variables.ObjectiveWe aimed to identify comorbidities of psychological disorders of an online sample using an online diagnostic tool. Based on diagnoses made by an automated online assessment and diagnostic system administered to a large group of online participants, multiple comorbidities (co-occurrences) of 21 psychological disorders for males and females were identified. We examined the relationships between dyadic comorbidities of anxiety and depressive disorders and the psychosocial variables sex, age, suicidal ideation, social support, and quality of life.MethodsAn online complex algorithm based on the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, Text Revision, was used to assign primary and secondary diagnoses of 21 psychological disorders to 12,665 online participants. The frequency of co-occurrences of psychological disorders for males and females were calculated for all disorders. A series of hierarchical loglinear analyses were performed to examine the relationships between the dyadic comorbidities of depression and various anxiety disorders and the variables suicidal ideation, social support, quality of life, sex, and age.ResultsA 21-by-21 frequency of co-occurrences of psychological disorders matrix revealed the presence of multiple significant dyadic comorbidities for males and females. Also, for those with some of the dyadic depression and the anxiety disorders, the odds for having suicidal ideation, reporting inadequate social support, and poorer quality of life increased for those with two-disorder comorbidity than for those with only one of the same two disorders.ConclusionsComorbidities of several psychological disorders using an online assessment tool within a Web-based population were similar to those found in face-to-face clinics using traditional assessment tools. Results provided support for the transdiagnostic approaches and confirmed the positive relationship between comorbidity and suicidal ideation, the negative relationship between comorbidity and social support, and the negative relationship comorbidity and quality of life.

Trial Registration

Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN121611000704998; http://www.anzctr.org.au/trial_view.aspx?ID=336143 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/618r3wvOG)     

度洛西汀与帕罗西汀治疗首发抑 郁症疗效及对性功能影响的研究

目的 比较度洛西汀与帕罗西汀治疗首发抑郁症性功能的影响。方法 将72 例首发抑郁症患者随机分为度洛西汀组（36 例）和帕罗西汀组（36 例）,观察8周。应用亚利桑那性经验量表（ASEX）评定性功能情况,同时用汉密顿抑郁量表（17 项）（HAMD17）观察疗效和副反应量表（TESS）评定不良反应。结果 治疗第2、4、8 周ASEX 评分度洛西汀组得分显著低于帕罗西汀组,自第2周末始,两组与基线时比较ASEX 得分均有显著下降。疗效观察发现,治疗8周末度洛西汀组有效率80.0%,痊愈率51.4%,帕罗西汀组有效率76.5%,痊愈率47.1%,两组比较差异无统计学意义。治疗第1周末,度洛西汀组HAMD17评分显著低于帕罗西汀组,而第2、4、8 周末两组评分比较差异无统计学意义。治疗第2、4、8 周ASEX 评分度洛西汀组得分显著低于帕罗西汀组（均P＜0.05）,自第2 周末始,两组与基线时比较ASEX 得分均有显著下降（均P＜0.05）。度洛西汀组不良反应发生率42.9%,帕罗西汀组44.1%,两组比较差异无统计学意义。结论 度洛西汀对首次发作抑郁症的性功能的改善优于帕罗西汀,或引起性功能障碍少于帕罗西汀。两者 疗效相似,但第1周度洛西汀起效较帕罗西汀快。总体不良反应相似。     

丙戊酸镁缓释片单用与和喹硫平伍用治疗老年躁狂发作的对照研究

目的：探讨喹硫平合并丙戊酸镁缓释片治疗老年双相情感障碍躁狂发作的临床疗效和安全性。方法选择2013年5月至2014年5月在解放军第261医院,住院符合国际疾病分类-10（ICD-10）双相情感障碍躁狂发作诊断的46例患者,年龄60-78岁。46例符合ICD-10躁狂发作的老年患者随机分为喹硫平合并丙戊酸镁缓释片组（研究组）和单用丙戊酸镁缓释片组（对照组）。治疗6周,应用贝克？拉范森躁狂量表（BRMS）评定疗效,治疗意外症状量表（副反应量表,TESS）评定不良反应。结果治疗过程中每组BRMS总分都有显著下降（P＜0.05）,治疗2周后研究组总分及因子分言语/吵闹、睡眠与对照组比较,差异存在统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗6周后,研究组与对照组临床总有效率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。两组均无严重的药物不良反应,两组TESS评分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论喹硫平和丙戊酸镁缓释片伍用治疗老年躁狂发作疗效较好,安全性较好,特别是在治疗初期（2周末）能更好的控制兴奋症状和改善睡眠。     

Monte Carlo method for the evaluation of symptom association

Gastroesophageal monitoring is limited to 96 hours by the current technology. This work presents a computational model to investigate symptom association in gastroesophageal reflux disease with larger data samples proving important deficiencies of the current methodology that must be taking into account in clinical evaluation. A computational model based on Monte Carlo analysis was implemented to simulate patients with known statistical characteristics Thus, sets of 2000 10‐day‐long recordings were simulated and analyzed using the symptom index (SI), the symptom sensitivity index (SSI), and the symptom association probability (SAP). Afterwards, linear regression was applied to define the dependency of these indexes with the number of reflux, the number of symptoms, the duration of the monitoring, and the probability of association. All the indexes were biased estimators of symptom association and therefore they do not consider the effect of chance: when symptom and reflux were completely uncorrelated, the values of the indexes under study were greater than zero. On the other hand, longer recording reduced variability in the estimation of the SI and the SSI while increasing the value of the SAP. Furthermore, if the number of symptoms remains below one‐tenth of the number of reflux episodes, it is not possible to achieve a positive value of the SSI. A limitation of this computational model is that it does not consider feeding and sleeping periods, differences between reflux episodes or causation. However, the conclusions are not affected by these limitations. These facts represent important limitations in symptom association analysis, and therefore, invasive treatments must not be considered based on the value of these indexes only until a new methodology provides a more reliable assessment.     

耳穴贴压合肝豆灵对肝豆状核变性患者抑郁状态的影响

目的 观察耳穴贴压联合肝豆灵治疗肝豆状核变性（hepatolenticular degeneration,HLD）患者抑郁状态的疗效。方法 将82例HLD伴抑郁状态患者随机分成对照组、肝豆灵组、肝豆灵合耳穴贴压组。对照组患者接受常规治疗和常规护理,肝豆灵组患者在对照组疗法基础上接受肝豆灵治疗,肝豆灵合耳穴贴压组患者在肝豆灵组疗法基础上接受耳穴贴压治疗。治疗前和治疗6周后分别采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton depression scale, HAMD)评价患者的抑郁状态。结果 3组患者治疗6周后HAMD总分均较治疗前显著下降（P<0.05）,其中肝豆灵合耳穴贴压组HAMD总分及绝望因子、睡眠障碍因子评分降低程度显著大于肝豆灵组和对照组（P<0.05）。结论 耳穴贴压联合肝豆灵在改善HLD患者抑郁状态方面具有一定疗效。     

首发抑郁症患者肠道菌群与认知情绪调节关系研究

背景　近年来抑郁症和肠道菌群的相关研究大多集中于动物实验,而人体肠道菌群的相关研究相对较少,结合心理特征的研究则更少。目的　了解首发抑郁症患者与健康人群在肠道菌群、认知情绪调节方面的差异,进一步探讨抑郁症、肠道菌群及认知情绪调节之间的关系。方法　选取2017年1-12月就诊于宁夏医科大学总医院心理卫生中心门诊的首发抑郁症患者30例（抑郁症组）,同期选取宁夏“十三五”科技重大项目流调体检健康志愿者31例（对照组）。完成一般情况调查问卷、汉密尔顿抑郁量表、认知情绪调节量表（CERQ）的评定与粪便的收集;采用高通量测序及生物信息学方法分析微生物群落多样性和丰度变化;探讨情绪调节策略、抑郁严重程度与肠道菌群的相关性。结果　抑郁症组和对照组一般情况（年龄、性别、BMI、吸烟、文化程度）比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。本研究以97%的相似性将所有样本的有效序列聚类为Operational Taxonomic Units（OTUs）,所得稀释曲线趋向平坦,说明测序数据量合理。抑郁症组与对照组肠道菌群多样性指数比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。与对照组相比,在门水平,抑郁症组厚壁菌门、放线菌门、柔壁菌门丰度降低,拟杆菌门丰度增高（P<0.05）;在属水平,抑郁症组Ruminococcus、Subdoligranulum、Enterobacter、Coprococcus、Bifidobacterium、Lactobacillus菌属减少,而Klebsiella、Flavonifractor、Bacteroides菌属增多（P<0.05）。LEfSe分析显示,抑郁症组肠道菌群中主要以拟杆菌、产碱菌科（Alcaligenaceae）,伯克菌目（Burkholderiales）,Β-变形菌纲、Erysipelotrichaceae、幽门螺杆菌等致病菌为主;对照组以厚壁菌门、双歧杆菌、Subdoligranulum、乳酸杆菌等有益菌为优势菌。抑郁症组自我责难、沉思、灾难化、责难他人分量表得分高于对照组,积极重新评价、理性分析分量表得分低于对照组（P<0.05）。CERQ分量表中自我责难得分与Enterobacter菌属呈正相关,与Odoribacter、Alistipes菌属呈负相关（P<0.05）;沉思分量表得分与Subdoligranulum、Alistipes、Faecalibacterium、Odoribacter菌属呈负相关（P<0.05）;重新关注计划、积极重新评价分量表得分与Weissella菌属呈正相关（P<0.05）;灾难化分量表得分与Dialister菌属呈负相关（P<0.05）。抑郁严重程度与拟杆菌门及Flavonifractor菌属呈正相关（P<0.05）,与Ruminococcus、Subdoligranulum、Coprococcus、Dialister、Odoribacter、Faecalibacterium、Butyricimonas菌属呈负相关（P<0.05）。结论　抑郁症患者与健康对照者在肠道菌群、认知情绪调节策略方面均有较大差异,情绪调节策略自我责难、沉思、灾难化,肠道菌群条件致病菌的增多及丁酸盐产生菌、益生菌的减少与抑郁症密切相关。     

甲状腺激素及脑源性神经营养因子前体水平与抑郁症的关系研究

背景　随着对抑郁症了解的深入,人们发现其不仅是一种神经退行性疾病,同时还与下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴（HPT轴）密切相关,而抑郁症的神经营养因子假说则认为脑源性神经营养因子前体（proBDNF）在抑郁症的发病过程中发挥着一定作用,但抑郁症、HPT轴和proBDNF三者间的关系却鲜有研究。目的　探索甲状腺激素、proBDNF水平与抑郁症之间的关系。方法　选取2017年10月-2018年6月在云南省精神病医院住院及门诊治疗的抑郁症患者43例为病例组。同期选取本院健康体检者31例为对照组。测定并比较两组一般资料及甲状腺激素〔三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）、甲状腺素（T4）、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）〕、proBDNF水平;分析病例组甲状腺激素、proBDNF水平与汉密尔顿抑郁量表24项（HAMD-24）总分及其各因子评分之间的相关性,甲状腺激素与proBDNF水平的相关性。结果　两组T3、FT4水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;病例组T4、FT3、TSH水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。病例组FT3水平与HAMD-24总分及认知障碍评分呈正相关（P<0.05）。两组proBDNF水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。病例组proBDNF水平与HAMD-24总分及其各因子评分均无相关性（P>0.05）。病例组甲状腺激素水平与proBDNF水平无相关性（P>0.05）。结论　抑郁症患者更容易出现焦虑、自杀、偏执、强迫、绝望感及睡眠障碍等问题,且有并发甲状腺功能减退的可能。     

信息-动机-行为技巧模型在抑郁症患儿父母健康教育中的应用效果研究

背景　青少年抑郁症常症状不典型,患儿、患儿家属及社会对该病认识普遍不足,难以正确意识疾病危害,即便青少年想要接受治疗,也常受到家属的阻挠,导致无法规范治疗。目的　探究信息-动机-行为技巧模型在抑郁症患儿父母健康教育中的应用效果。方法　选取2018年6-12月在南昌大学第二附属医院心身医学科治疗的90例抑郁症患儿的父母为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将其分为A组（接受常规健康宣教）和B组（接受信息-动机-行为技巧模型指导下健康教育）,各45例。于基线时和干预12周后采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表、自我感受负担量表调查两组患儿父母负性情绪和自我感受负担,于干预12周后采用自行设计的调查表调查两组患儿父母抑郁症疾病知识掌握情况。结果　基线时,两组焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表标准分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;干预12周后,B组焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表标准分均低于A组（P<0.05）。两组干预12周后焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表标准分均低于基线时（P<0.05）。基线时,两组患儿父母照护体力负担、经济负担、情感负担、家庭负担、社会负担、心理负担得分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;干预12周后,B组患儿父母照护体力负担、经济负担、情感负担、家庭负担、社会负担、心理负担得分均低于A组（P<0.05）。两组干预12周后照护体力负担、经济负担、情感负担、家庭负担、社会负担、心理负担得分均低于基线时（P<0.05）。干预12周后,B组患儿父母疾病知识、家庭管理技术和复诊要求得分均高于A组（P<0.05）。结论　信息-动机-行为技巧模型指导下健康教育能够改善患儿父母负性情绪,减轻其自我感受负担,极大促进患儿父母掌握抑郁症疾病知识,提升抑郁症患儿父母管理技能,优化抑郁症患儿家庭管理方案,有更高的复诊意愿。