自噬相关基因在类风湿关节炎滑膜组织的表达及调控机制

目的 研究自噬相关基因(ATG)在类风湿关节炎(RA)中的表达调控和自噬机制。方法 从GSE55235和GSE55457中鉴定出RA的差异表达基因(DEG),结合人类自噬数据库,筛选出差异表达自噬相关基因(DE-ATG)。利用STRING 11.0和GeneMANIA数据库建立蛋白互作网络。此外,NetworkAnalyst和Cytoscape建立转录因子-基因-miRNA共表达网络。最后,受试者工作特征曲线分析和DrugBank鉴定预测生物标志物的效能和靶向药物的性能。GraphPad prism 8.2.1和R 4.0.3用于统计分析和图形制作。结果 485个DEG在T细胞激活、激素调节、破骨细胞分化、RA和趋化因子等信号通路富集。11个DE-ATG通过hsa-mir-155-5p、RUNX1、TP53和SOX2等调控RA滑膜组织的表达,与四氯二苯二氧芑、二氧化硅有较强的环境因子调控关系。受试者工作特征曲线分析确定了具有良好敏感性和特异性的基因,如MYC、MAPK8、CDKN1A和TNFSF10,可用于区分某些表型,这可能是RA的新型生物标志物。结论 DE-ATG在RA中表达下调可能会促进软骨细胞凋亡和分解,新型生物标志物的确立为诊断和治疗RA提供了新思路和方法,转录因子-基因-miRNA网络的建立为解析滑膜炎症和关节软骨破坏提供直接证据。     

Characterization of microRNA expression profiles in blood and saliva using the Ion Personal Genome Machine® System (Ion PGM™ System)

MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiling is gaining interest in the forensic community because the intrinsically short fragment and tissue-specific expression pattern enable miRNAs as a useful biomarker for body fluid identification. Measuring the quantity of miRNAs in forensically relevant body fluids is an important step to screen specific miRNAs for body fluid identification. The recent introduction of massively parallel sequencing (MPS) has the potential for screening miRNA biomarkers at the genome-wide level, which allows both the detection of expression pattern and miRNA sequences. In this study, we employed the Ion Personal Genome Machine^® System (Ion PGM™ System, Thermo Fisher) to characterize the distribution and expression of 2588 human mature miRNAs (miRBase v21) in 5 blood samples and 5 saliva samples. An average of 1,885,000 and 1,356,000 sequence reads were generated in blood and saliva respectively. Based on miRDong, a Perl-based tool developed for semi-automated miRNA distribution designations, and manually ascertained, 6 and 19 miRNAs were identified respectively as potentially blood and saliva-specific biomarkers. Herein, this study describes a complete and reliable miRNA workflow solution based on Ion PGM™ System, starting from efficient RNA extraction, followed by small RNA library construction and sequencing. With this workflow solution and miRDong analysis it will be possible to measure miRNA expression pattern at the genome-wide level in other forensically relevant body fluids.     

慢性粒细胞白血病干细胞microRNA的表达

目的 通过比较慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)患者骨髓的白血病干细胞(LSC)和健康人骨髓正常造血干细胞(HSC)的microRNA (miRNA)表达谱,鉴定在CML LSC表达异常的miRNAs.方法 通过磁珠法分选获得分子表型为CD34+ CD38-的CML LSC和正常HSC.使用Exiqon人miRNA芯片检测miRNA的表达情况.选取差异表达的miRNAs进行qRT-PCR验证.结果 利用Exiqon人miRNA芯片一共检测了1 900个人源miRNAs的表达情况.其中1个miRNA在CML LSC中发生显著的表达上调,46个miRNAs发生显著的表达下调.基于KEGG的pathway显著性分析显示,CML LSC表达下调的miRNAs参与的显著性信号转导通路是神经营养因子信号通路.qRT-PCR检测miR-584-5p、miR-675-3p和miR-431-5p的表达情况与miRNA芯片检测结果一致.结论 鉴定了在人CML LSC中表达异常的miRNAs,为miRNA在CML LSC中的潜在应用奠定基础.     

慢性心力衰竭患者血浆miRNA表达谱分析

目的：对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者的血浆miRNA进行二代测序,探讨CHF患者血浆中miRNA的表达差异。方法收集2013年7月至2015年6月间在北京大学深圳医院治疗的40例CHF患者和10例健康对照个体,应用第二代高通量测序技术对其血浆miRNA进行测序,寻找差异表达的miRNA。另收集同期CHF患者和健康对照个体各96例,用逆转录-实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应对差异表达的miRNA进行验证。结果与健康对照者相比,高通量测序显示在CHF患者的血浆中miR-184、miR-651-5p、miR-130b-5p、miR-203a-3p、miR-548e-3p和miR-106a-5p的表达水平存在显著上调,miR-31-5p和miR-5091的表达水平存在下调,逆转录-实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测血浆miRNA的表达差异与高通量测序的结果相符。结论 CHF患者的血浆miRNA与健康个体的表达谱存在差异,差异表达的miR-184、miR-651-5p、miR-130b-5p、miR-203a-3p、miR-548e-3p、miR-106a-5p、miR-31-5p和miR-5091或许与CHF的发生有关。     

miRNA与热应激的关系及检测方法进展

热应激是机体长期暴露在热环境中无法充分将体内的热散出而导致机体温度失衡的一种状态。随着miRNA检测技术的进步,许多学者发现,热应激会导致miRNA的表达量发生变化。miRNA可以通过结合其靶基因,抑制miRNA靶基因的表达,从而在调控机体生命活动和抗热应激中发挥重要作用。     

Can we increase the speed and efficacy of antidepressant treatments? Part II. Glutamatergic and RNA interference strategies

In the second part we focus on two treatment strategies that may overcome the main limitations of current antidepressant drugs. First, we review the experimental and clinical evidence supporting the use of glutamatergic drugs as fast-acting antidepressants. Secondly, we review the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and the use of small RNAs (e.g.., small interfering RNAs or siRNAs) to knockdown genes in monoaminergic and non-monoaminergic neurons and induce antidepressant-like responses in experimental animals.The development of glutamatergic agents is a promising venue for antidepressant drug development, given the antidepressant properties of the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine. Its unique properties appear to result from the activation of AMPA receptors by a metabolite [(2 S,6 S;2 R,6 R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK)] and mTOR signaling. These effects increase synaptogenesis in prefrontal cortical pyramidal neurons and enhance serotonergic neurotransmission via descending inputs to the raphe nuclei. This view is supported by the cancellation of ketamine's antidepressant-like effects by inhibition of serotonin synthesis.We also review existing evidence supporting the involvement of miRNAs in MDD and the preclinical use of RNA interference (RNAi) strategies to target genes involved in antidepressant response. Many miRNAs have been associated to MDD, some of which e.g., miR-135 targets genes involved in antidepressant actions. Likewise, SSRI-conjugated siRNA evokes faster and/or more effective antidepressant-like responses. Intranasal application of sertraline-conjugated siRNAs directed to 5-HT_1A receptors and SERT evoked much faster changes of pre- and postsynaptic antidepressant markers than those produced by fluoxetine.     

miRNA调控乳腺癌多药耐药机制的研究进展

乳腺癌是女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤之一。化学治疗是乳腺癌临床治疗的主要手段之一,然而乳腺癌细胞对化疗药物产生的MDR成为乳腺癌治疗的瓶颈。miRNA是一种存在于真核生物中的内源性非编码短链RNA,广泛参与到增殖、凋亡等多种生理过程。近年来,有关miRNA在乳腺癌MDR中的作用及机制研究取得了诸多进展,因此就miRNA调控乳腺癌MDR分子机制的研究进展做一综述。