天然有机分子精细立体结构规律的初步研究Ⅱ．影响熔点的结构因素

应用Ｘ衍射方法测定雷公藤两个化合物的晶体结构，并对影响固体熔点的结构因素进行分析。晶型（或空间对称群）、结晶溶剂、分子间作用力及分子构象的精细变化均可导致晶态物质的熔点变化。     

Estimating neuron dendritic length in 3D from total vertical projections and from vertical slices

The recently developed method of total vertical projections is illustrated to estimate the total dendritic length of a human Substantia Nigra neuron. Next, the length of the different orders of dendritic branches, and the mean segment length for each order - commonly regarded as important parameters in neuron physiology - are also estimated. Finally, it is shown how to estimate the mean dendritic length in a population of neurons from vertical slices of arbitrary and unknown thickness. Being unbiased and highly efficient, the proposed methods offer interesting alternatives to current procedures used for the metric analysis of neuron arborizations.     

莒县胃癌年龄别死亡率Gompertz曲线拟合的探讨

采用Gompertz曲线对莒县1986～1990年胃瘤年龄别死亡率进行了拟合检验,并与直线、指数曲线、二次抛物线进行了比较,以Gompertz曲线拟合比较理想。描绘了胃癌死亡率年龄分布的理论轨迹,为胃癌死亡预测提供了一种简便科学的方法。     

应用统计学体模评价CR乳腺摄影影像的探讨

目的应用ALVIM统计学体模TRM,探讨乳腺计算机X线摄影(CR)获得尺寸最小的Al2O3斑点(钙化灶)和尼龙纤维(肿块灶)信号的能力。方法将具有各5种大小不同Al2O3斑点和尼龙纤维组成的ALVIM统计学体模TRM置于成像板(IP)上,用钼靶X线机26kV,调节毫安量,选择适当图像处理参数,获得一张密度值D=0·70±0·05的实验照片,用5值判断法取得每一行由5个信号和噪声所组成的10行信号的记分总值,用ALVIM统计学体模的计算公式计算出一组真阳性概率P(S/s)和假阳性概率P(S/n)值,绘制ROC曲线,并计算出每种信号的判断概率值Pdet,再用SPSS10·0统计学单因素方差分析软件处理数据,获得尺寸最小的钙化灶和软组织肿块灶。结果用概率统计方法获得制作ROC曲线的数据和判断概率平均值Pdet,5种大小不同的Al2O3斑点(钙化灶)中,0·20mm的Pdet=0·6250最小,0·55mm的Pdet=0·9000最大,而0·20mm与0·25mm的Pdet差异无统计学意义,与其他的差异有统计学意义;5种大小不同的尼龙纤维(肿块灶)中,0·45mm的Pdet=0·5313最小,1·00mm的Pdet=0·8813最大,而0·45mm的与0·60mm的差异无统计学意义,0·45mm与其他的差异有统计学意义。结论应用ALVIM统计学体模TRM制作ROC曲线和获得判断概率值Pdet的计算简单、快捷,宜于日常临床工作开展的评价影像质量控制,值得推广。     

Therapeutic effects of liposomal adriamycin in combination with tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

Liposomes as drug carriers in cancer chemotherapy have attracted considerable interest. To enhance the therapeutic effect of Adriamycin entrapped in liposomes (Lip-ADM) on human solid tumors, we investigated the therapeutic effects of Lip-ADM in combination with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF-alpha), which is known to have specific effects on tumor vasculature. rTNF-alpha or saline solution was injected intravenously into nude mice bearing a human colon cancer strain, HC-1, at 1 hour before intravenous administration of Lip-ADM. The significant therapeutic effect of Lip-ADM in combination with rTNF-alpha was demonstrated by the evaluation with tumor growth curve and the actual tumor weights, in comparison with groups of mice treated with saline solution, rTNF-alpha alone, or with a Lip-ADM after saline. Levels of Adriamycin in tumor tissue in the Lip-ADM in combination with rTNF-alpha-treated group were higher than those in Lip-ADM with saline solution-treated group.     

低角度青少年特发性脊柱侧凸女性患者的骨密度分析

目的分析低角度青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)女性患者的骨密度(BMD)和骨矿含量(BMC),探讨其与年龄、生长发育、人体测量学和侧凸角度等的相关性。方法研究对象为218例Cobb角15～40°的女性AIS患者。运用双能X线骨密度吸收仪测定非优势侧股骨颈和腰椎的BMC/BMD。探讨这两个部位的BMC/BMD与患者的年龄、生长发育、人体测量学和侧凸角度等的相关性。结果所有患者的年龄平均为(13.4±1.4)岁,Cobb角平均为(28.3±6.2)°。股骨颈BMD平均为(0.827±0.103)g/cm2,腰椎BMD平均为(0.887±0.124)g/cm2,显著低于同龄健康女性儿童;股骨颈BMC平均为(3.49±0.56)g,腰椎BMC平均为(29.78±7.37)g。患者的BMC/BMD与Cobb角无显著相关,而与体重、身高、Risser征、月经状况、BMI和年龄显著相关。逐步回归分析显示,体重和年龄是影响患者BMD的主要因素。结论低角度女性AIS患者存在全身性的骨量减低,且与Cobb角无显著相关,而与生长发育和人体测量学相关指标显著相关。这提示AIS患者的骨量减低与生长发育和低体重有关。     

Evidence for a reflex provoking contraction of the renal pelvis (with some comments on its clinical implications)

The effect of swallowing a small quantity of water or of solid food (biscuit) on the renogram curve was observed in 177 patients. Swallowing provoked contraction of the renal pelvis in 63% of the kidneys with a pelvicalyceal system which was neither obstructed nor dilated, with expulsion of a substantial fraction of the contents within 30 s. This did not occur in obstructed or denervated kidneys, nor in patients with a high transection of the spinal cord. Evidence is adduced that this contraction is mediated reflexly. This effect may be used diagnostically to distinguish physiological dilatation from obstruction. The implications when performing and interpreting renography are discussed. Correspondence to: M.V. Merrick     

左氧沙星与磷霉素联用对金黄色葡萄球菌的体外杀菌活性研究

目的：评价左氧沙星与磷霉素联用对金黄色葡萄球菌的联合抗菌效应。了解左氧沙星单用及与磷霉素联用的杀菌曲线特点。方法：选取3株MSSAATCC29213、临床分离菌SA99、SARN450（实验室菌株）和1株临床分离的MRS-AB6177,采用菌落计数法对不同浓度的左氧沙星或磷霉素单用及两药联合对3株MSSA和1株MRSA进行体外杀菌实验。结果：左氧沙星的杀菌曲线表现出浓度依赖性,磷霉素的杀菌曲线表现出非浓度依赖性。两药1/4MIC浓度单用时虽然均无法抑制MSSA的生长,而两药亚抑菌浓度联合使用后即表现出协同效应和杀菌效应。两药4MIC、8MIC联合时对MRSA表现出杀菌效应。结论：亚抑菌浓度的左氧沙星与磷霉素联合对MSSA即可出现协同杀菌效应。左氧沙星联合磷霉素对MRSA也表现出显著的杀菌活性。     

穿高跟鞋对中青年女性腰椎生理曲度的影响

目的探讨穿高跟鞋对中青年女性腰椎生理曲度的影响。方法对20例健康中青年女性志愿者在穿不同高度的高跟鞋后,摄立位腰椎X线侧位片,测量腰椎曲线指数（LCI）、腰椎前凸度（Cobb角）和骶骨倾斜角（SSA）,并对其进行2 km行走试验调查腰背不适情况。结果高鞋跟组的LCI、Cobb角、SSA明显高于低鞋跟组（P〈0.05）。2 km行走试验后腰背不适情况,60%发生在7 cm以上鞋跟组。结论穿高跟鞋可使腰椎生理曲度增大,易引发腰痛。     

Force-time parameters during explosive isometric grip correlate with muscle power

Although explosive isometric contraction provides little work toward the outside, force-time parameters of the rising phase of the force-time curve may be able to predict muscle power. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between muscle power with work (power grip) and force-time parameters during the rising phase in explosive isometric grip. Fifteen healthy young adult males participated in this study. Power grip was measured using loads of 20%–50% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) (peak isometric force). Subjects pulled explosively on a grip bar held with the second digital joints without the thumb. Peak power was calculated from peak velocity and load. Explosive isometric grip was measured using a hand dynamometer. Time-series data of both tests were sampled by an analog-to-digital interface. Both tests were performed with the subjects seated with a sagittal and horizontal position of the arm supported by an armrest. Peak power in the power grip test tended to be larger with an increase of the load, but there was no significant difference between 40% and 50% MVC. Only the peak power in 50% MVC significantly correlated with peak grip force (r=0.52, p<0.05). The force-time parameters related to the peak rate of the rising force phase in explosive isometric grip significantly correlated with the peak powers (30%–50% MVC, r=|0.58−0.78|). Peak rate of the rising force phase in explosive isometric grip may be useful for predicting muscle power with loads between 30%–50% MVC.