左西孟旦与多巴酚丁胺及与米力农治疗脓毒症心肌损伤的有效性及安全性评价

目的 探讨左西孟旦与多巴酚丁胺、米力农治疗脓毒症心肌损伤的有效性及安全性。方法 选取脓毒症心肌损伤患者84例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为左西孟旦组、多巴酚丁胺组、米力农组,各28例,对比总有效率、可溶性髓样细胞触发性受体1(soluble myeloid cell trigger receptor-1,sTREM-1)、可溶性白细胞分化抗原14(soluble cluster of differentiation antigen 14,sCD14)、可溶性白细胞分化抗原163(soluble cluster of differentiation antigen 163,sCD163)、心肌肌钙蛋白(cardiac troponin I,cTnI)、脑肽钠(brain natriupeptide, BNP)、左心室舒张末期容积指数(left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, LVEDVI)、左心室收缩末期容积指数(left ventricular end-systolic volume index, LVESVI)、左心室射血分数(le...     

Effects of a new calcium sensitizer, levosimendan, on haemodynamics, coronary blood flow and myocardial substrate utilization early after coronary artery bypass grafting

Aims The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects on systemicand coronary haemodynamics and myocar-dial substrate utilizationof a new calcium sensitizer, levosimendan, after coronary arterybypass grafting. Methods and Results Twenty-three low-risk patients were included in this randomizedand double-blind study. They received placebo (n=8), 8 (n=8)or 24 (n=7) µg.kg^–1of levosimendan after coronaryartery bypass operation. Systemic and coronary sinus haemodynamicswith thermodilution and myocardial substrate utilization weremeasured. The heart rate increased 11 beats.min^–1afterthe higher dose (P<0·05). Cardiac output increasedby 0·7 and 1·6l.min^–1(P<0·05 forboth) after 8 and 24µg.kg^–1of levosimendan, respectively.Systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased significantlyafter both doses. Coronary sinus blood flow increased by 28and 42ml/(P=0·054 for the combined effect) after thelower and higher dose, respectively. Myocardial oxygen consumptionor substrate extractions did not change statistically significantly. Conclusion Despite improved cardiac performance, levosimendan did not increasemyocardial oxygen con-sumption or change myocardial substrateutilization. Thus levosimendan has the potential to treat lowcardiac output states after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.     

左西孟旦治疗失代偿心衰合并肾功能不全患者的疗效观察

目的 观察左西孟旦治疗失代偿心衰合并肾功能不全患者的疗效.方法 回顾性分析本科2013年7月至2015年5月住院治疗的63例失代偿心衰患者(男性41例,女性22例),患者按肾功能损害程度分为2组:肾功能重度损害组(L1组)33例[GFR:15 ～ ＜60 mL/(min·1.73 m2)]和肾功能轻度损害组(L2组)30例[GFR:60～ 89 mL/(min·1.73 m2)],输注左西孟旦治疗.比较、分析治疗后1、3、7、30 d患者N-末端脑钠肽前体(N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide,NT-pro-BNP)、左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)的变化.结果 2组间治疗前除GFR外,其余基线指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);2组治疗后NT-pro-BNP 1、3、7d较基线显著下降(P＜0.05),LVEF 3、7d较基线显著上升(P＜0.05);2组间治疗前后NT-pro-BNP和LVEF差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);2组治疗后GFR 1、3、7d较基线显著上升(P＜0.05),其中L1组GFR 30 d仍较基线显著上升(P＜0.05);L1组治疗后GFR改变量(△GFR)显著高于L2组(P＜0.05).结论 失代偿心衰合并肾功能不全患者应用左西孟旦,能够改善心肾功能,对肾功能显著下降患者的肾功能改善幅度更大、持续时间更长.     

左西孟旦注射液治疗充血性心力衰竭的疗效评价

目的评价左西孟旦(Levosimendan)治疗充血性心力衰竭(CHF)临床疗效及不良反应。方法选取缺血性心肌病和扩张型心肌病病人50例(超声心动图证实左室射血分数≤40%),其中实验组26例,给予左西孟旦治疗;对照组24例,给予多巴酚丁胺治疗。观察两组用药前后生命体征、呼吸困难程度、射血分数及血生化指标的变化。结果用药前两组比较,其基本生命指标无统计学差异。用药后,部分病人与用药前做了自身对照,左西孟旦在提高射血分数和每搏量指标方面有显著差异(P<0.05)。用药有关的不良反应实验组9例(占34.62%),停药2例;对照组6例(占25.00%),停药4例。结论左西孟旦可引起CHF病人呼吸困难程度下降,全身状况改善,射血分数提高。     

New and emerging drug therapies for the management of acute heart failure

Abstract
In recent times, there have been many developments in therapies for acute heart failure, in contrast to the preceding 20 years. These have been mainly fuelled by new and expanding knowledge about the pathophysiology of heart failure, which has allowed for insight into potential therapeutic strategies. This review will examine the key emerging therapies for acute heart failure, in light of available pathophysiological and clinical evidence. (Intern Med J 2003; 33: 515−520)     

左西孟旦在心脏外科手术的应用

心脏外科手术中体外循环后心功能障碍的病人常需要正性肌力药物的支持.传统的正性肌力药由于存在增加心肌氧耗和致心律失常的危险,临床应用受到一定限制.左西孟旦,一种新型强心剂-钙增敏剂,其强心作用机制是增加心肌收缩蛋白对钙离子的敏感性,并通过激活KATP发挥扩血管和抗缺血效应.现有的临床资料表明左西孟旦在治疗术中高危或合并左心功能不全的心脏手术病人以及帮助病人顺利脱离体外循环方面具有很好的应用前景.